大跨度悬索桥地震响应控制分析

以主跨为1 490 m的润扬长江大桥为背景,采用ANSYS软件建立结构有限元模型,计算大跨度悬索桥动力特性。对黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器进行参数敏感性分析,得出控制大跨度悬索桥地震响应的最优参数值,并分析一致激励和行波激励作用下黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器减震效果。研究结果表明,黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器对塔梁相对位移有较好的控制效果,但会使塔底内力有所增加;就位移控制而言,软钢阻尼器的效果更好;在低视波速区间内,黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器减震效果明显存在波动特征;随着视波速的逐渐增大,黏滞阻尼器和软钢阻尼器减震效果受视波速的影响逐渐减小,悬索桥地震响应逐渐平缓,并趋于一致激励作用下的对应值。     

拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器的理论模型及频域响应分析

惯容器是一种新型的振动控制装置,该装置可以将螺杆的轴向运动转换为黏滞材料和旋转质量的高速旋转运动,使阻尼器的阻尼效应和质量效应得到放大。基于惯容器原理以及电涡流原理,提出一种新型的拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器,为结构被动控制提供了新的设计思路。为研究这种新型惯容系统的减振机理,对安装拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器单层框架的力学模型进行了探讨。推导出了配置惯容系统单质点体系的动力表达式,并基于此表达式探讨在频域内该惯容系统关键参数对单质点体系位移、速度和加速度响应的影响。结果表明:这种拉索式旋转电涡流阻尼器可以起到放大质量的效果,惯容系统可以有效地减少单质点体系的位移、速度和加速度响应幅值。     

MR阻尼器对斜拉索共振峰频率漂移的影响

本文采用Spencer提出的MR模型,对斜拉索和MR阻尼器组成的系统进行了动力分析,考察了MR阻尼器型号、安装位置、施加的电压以及斜拉索基频(张力、索长、质量)、激励荷载(类型、频率、大小)等各种因素对斜拉索共振峰频率漂移的影响。进而对钱江三桥南岸154m长的斜拉索进行了现场试验。斜拉索自由振动的衰减信号通过阶跃激励的方法获得,经小波变换、Hilbert变换识别出系统的共振峰频率,并与斜拉索在安装油阻尼器和无阻尼器两种情况进行了比较。计算了杭州湾大桥330m长的索在被动控制、半主动控制下的各阶共振峰频率。研究表明,斜拉索在安装MR阻尼器后共振峰频率略微增大。其影响程度比安装油阻尼器时要大。因此MR阻尼器的制振效果除主要来自耗能外,还有部分来自调频作用。     

黏滞阻尼器耗能减振工程应用设计方法研究

本中文阐述了黏滞阻尼器的构造、力学模型以及其耗能减振的基本原理,并基于国际结构振动控制公共平台Benchmark模型,采用ANSYS和SAP2000有限元软件对其进行无控和有控地震反应分析,研究了黏滞阻尼器自身参数、设置形式、速度指、阻尼系数、位置和数量等因素对其控制效果的影响规律.结合国内外规范,给出LVD安装形式、...     

设置黏滞阻尼器的连体高层结构的减振研究

研究采用阻尼器对连体高层结构的地震响应进行振动控制。首先从结构动力方程出发,推导了在主塔与连廊之间设置有黏滞阻尼器的有控结构的基本振动控制方程;进而通过数值模拟,以某实际工程为原型,尝试将连廊与主塔间的斜撑利用黏滞阻尼器进行替换,分别在不同地震激励下比较了有控结构和无控结构的地震响应。分析结果表明,采用黏滞阻尼器可以有效降低结构的层剪力、结构位移、加速度等地震响应;同时能量分析的结果也表明本文采用的减振方案在不同地震激励下都可以有效耗散地震能量,由此得出结论采用黏滞阻尼器提高连体高层结构的抗震安全性是可行的。     

基于多点激励下黏滞阻尼器在斜拉桥中的减震效果分析

建立了一座主跨396m的全漂浮斜拉桥减震模型,对其进行了多点位移激励荷载作用下的抗震性能分析。研究了黏滞阻尼器安装位置以及阻尼参数对振动控制效果的影响,给出了合理选取阻尼系数C与阻尼指数α的建议。研究表明:减震效果与阻尼参数密切相关,增加阻尼系数与提高阻尼器的非线性(较低阻尼指数)有利于减小主梁的纵向位移,但对主跨中部弯矩有不利的趋势。根据选取阻尼参数的建议方法,考虑桥梁结构位移与内力双重控制条件,采用合理的阻尼器参数选取方案对关键点的位移与内力控制效果均有显著提高。     

具位移放大机制的流体黏滞阻尼器性能及减震效果分析

为了解决结构层间位移过小对阻尼器性能发挥的影响,依据机械原理,应用齿轮机构,提出了1种新型具位移放大机制的流体黏滞阻尼器,然后根据幂律流体的本构关系,推导了阻尼器力学模型并分析了其耗能减震能力,结果表明该阻尼器耗能能力可放大λ~(1.2)~λ~2倍,其中λ为大小齿轮的直径比。最后选择一12层钢筋混凝土框架结构,分别按不安装黏滞阻尼器、安装普通黏滞阻尼器和安装位移放大2倍黏滞阻尼器3种工况进行多遇和罕遇水准下的时程分析,分析结果表明:安装黏滞阻尼器结构的层间位移角均有不同程度的减小,位移放大2倍黏滞阻尼器减震效果优于位移未放大的黏滞阻尼器,多遇地震水准下的减震效果好于罕遇地震水准下的减震效果;安装位移放大黏滞阻尼器,对顶层的加速度控制效果较其它楼层的好,对层间位移的控制效果好于对加速度的控制效果。     

黏滞阻尼器连接的两相同毗邻结构的动态响应分析

为了研究由黏滞阻尼器连接的两相同结构建筑在底部加速度激励下的动态特性,以谐波激励模拟地面加速度,导出耦合系统的运动微分方程,并求解了相对位移和绝对加速度。利用参数法分析激励频率、质量比和刚度比对耦合建筑响应特性的影响。推导出无阻尼系统最佳参数和相应响应的解析表达式。通过研究发现,黏滞阻尼器能够有效控制同结构相邻建筑的动态响应。对于给定的结构和激励,阻尼器的阻尼系数存在最优值能够使谐波激励下的地震动峰值响应最小。耦合结构的阻尼比对最佳阻尼器阻尼没有明显影响,因此所提出的无阻尼结构的解析表达式可用于耦合结构。     

台湾某钢框架大楼采用阻尼器补强结构减震效果评析

阻尼器是一种效果良好的减震装置,将阻尼器安装于结构中能够适时为结构体系提供阻尼力,从而减小地震作用对结构的破坏。黏滞阻尼器对振动的反应比较敏感,在结构受到较小振动时就可以发挥其减震效果,其阻尼力会随着振动周期和使用状态温度的不同而变化。当地震发生时,安装在结构中的阻尼器会消减地震作用,降低传导到主结构体系的地震能量,减小结构相对位移。本文介绍了黏滞阻尼器的工作原理和安装有黏滞阻尼器的结构体系的阻尼比的计算方法,对减震结构的减震效果的评析方法做出探讨,并以一安装有黏滞阻尼器的台湾某既有钢框架结构为例,分析了(1)该结构在遭受地震作用时的地震反应;(2)该结构体系在不同地震作用水平时的阻尼比,包括主体结构阻尼比和黏滞阻尼器阻尼比;(3)结构安装黏滞阻尼器后的减震效果。实例对本文的减震评析方法和减震效果进行了说明和分析,计算及分析结果表明利用黏滞阻尼器加固既有结构能够取得较好的减震效果,本文所提减震效果评析方法是一种实用有效的评析方法,对类似工程的减震评析具有一定的参考价值。     

基于黏滞液体阻尼器的铁路钢桁梁桥减震研究

以某高墩大跨度铁路简支钢桁梁桥为实际工程背景,研究了黏滞液体阻尼器对结构纵向抗震性能的影响.采用非线性时程分析方法,对黏滞液体阻尼器的相关参数及布置位置进行了优化分析.分析结果表明:合理选择黏滞液体阻尼器的布置位置、个数及阻尼参数,高墩大跨铁路简支钢桁梁桥具有明显的减震效果.     

新型形状记忆合金阻尼器的试验研究

本文在对形状记忆合金(SMA)的力学性能研究的基础上，设计和制造出一种性能良好的SMA阻尼器，介绍了其工作原理及有关试验结果，将该阻尼器安装在斜拉桥模型上，进行了斜拉桥模型振动试验。试验结果表明该阻尼器的耗能效果明显，在工程结构振动控制方面具有比较好的应用前景。     

Semiactive variable stiffness control for parametric vibration of cables

In this paper, a semiactive variable stiffness （SVS） device is used to decrease cable oscillations caused by parametric excitation, and the equation of motion of the parametric vibration of the cable with this SVS device is presented. The ON/OFF control algorithm is used to operate the SVS control device. The vibration response of the cable with the SVS device is numerically studied for a variety of additional stiffness combinations in both the frequency and time domains and for both parametric and classical resonance vibration conditions. The numerical studies further consider the cable sag effect. From the numerical results, it is shown that the SVS device effectively suppresses the cable resonance vibration response, and as the stiffness of the device increases, the device achieves greater suppression of vibration. Moreover, it was shown that the SVS device increases the critical axial displacement of the excitation under cable parametric vibration conditions.     

Structural vibration control by shape memory alloy damper

A damper device based on shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is developed for structural control implementation. The design procedures of the SMA damper are presented. As a case study, eight such SMA dampers are installed in a frame structure to verify the effectiveness of the damper devices. Experimental results show that vibration decay of the SMA damper controlled frame is much faster than that of the uncontrolled frame. The finite‐element method is adopted to conduct the free and forced vibration analysis of the controlled and uncontrolled frame. The experimental and numerical results illustrate that the developed SMA dampers are very effective in reducing structural response and have great potential for use as efficient energy dissipation devices with the advantages of good control of force and no lifetime limits, etc. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磁流变阻尼器在相邻建筑结构体系弹塑性地震反应控制中的应用

研究应用磁流变阻尼器连接相邻建筑结构的弹塑性地震反应控制问题。首先介绍磁流变阻尼器的力学模型,并设计了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数;其次,介绍钢筋混凝土框架结构的退化三线型恢复力模型及相邻建筑结构体系的特点,建立体系的力学模型及运动方程;最后进行半主动控制研究,设计了半主动控制器,通过算例实现了结构的半主动控制。分析结果表明,采用磁流变阻尼器连接的相邻结构振动控制是十分有效的,可避免地震中相邻结构发生磁撞损坏。     

菱形开洞软钢阻尼器及其在结构减震中的模拟分析

提出了菱形开洞加劲软钢阻尼器及其在整体结构中的数值模拟方法,并据此对菱形开洞软钢阻尼器的循环加载试验以及安装阻尼器的钢框架结构的震动台试验进行了模拟分析。验证了使用AN-SYS有限元程序进行数值模拟分析的可行性和准确性,同时证明了菱形开洞软钢阻尼器具有良好的滞回性能,在整体结构中能够达到较好的减震效果。     

Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese building code

Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building.     

Asymmetric one‐storey elastic systems with non‐linear viscous and viscoelastic dampers: Earthquake response

Investigated are earthquake responses of one‐way symmetric‐plan, one‐storey systems with non‐linear fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) attached in series to a linear brace (i.e. Chevron or inverted V‐shape braces).Thus, the non‐linear damper is viscous when the brace is considered rigid or viscoelastic (VE) when the brace is flexible. The energy dissipation capacity of a non‐linear FVD is characterized by an amplitude‐dependent damping ratio for an energy‐equivalent linear FVD, which is determined assuming the damper undergoes harmonic motion. Although this formulation is shown to be advantageous for single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDF) systems, it is difficult to extend its application to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDF) systems for two reasons: (1) the assumption that dampers undergo harmonic motion in parameterizing the non‐linear damper is not valid for its earthquake‐induced motion of an MDF system; and (2) ensuring simultaneous convergence of all unknown amplitudes of dampers is difficult in an iterative solution of the non‐linear system. To date, these limitations have precluded the parametric study of the dynamics of MDF systems with non‐linear viscous or VE dampers. However, they are overcome in this investigation using concepts of modal analysis because the system is weakly non‐linear due to supplemental damping. It is found that structural response is only weakly affected by damper non‐linearity and is increased by a small amount due to bracing flexibility. Thus, the effectiveness of supplemental damping in reducing structural responses and its dependence on the planwise distribution of non‐linear VE dampers were found to be similar to that of linear FVDs documented elsewhere. As expected, non‐linear viscous and VE dampers achieve essentially the same reduction in response but with much smaller damper force compared to linear dampers. Finally, the findings in this investigation indicate that the earthquake response of the asymmetric systems with non‐linear viscous or VE dampers can be estimated with sufficient accuracy for design applications by analysing the same asymmetric systems with all non‐linear dampers replaced by energy‐equivalent linear viscous dampers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.