温度影响下膨胀土强度的试验研究

通过对河南平顶山膨胀土温度影响下的抗剪强度试验,揭示了膨胀土的强度随温度、含水量、干密度、压力等参数变化的规律。结果表明：相同压力作用下膨胀土强度随含水量不同有较显著的变化,随含水量增加而减小。但当含水量增加到一定程度,强度不再随压力而变化,即内摩擦角为0。当含水量较高时,温度影响显著,相同压力、含水量和干密度情况下,液相为全液体时,随温度的升高抗剪强度增大;当液相有部分结冰时,其规律与干密度的大小有关。含水量较小时,压力较小情况下,温度对抗剪强度影响不明显。     

非饱和黏性土抗剪强度的温度效应试验研究

为了系统地了解温度对黏性土工程性质的影响,本文采用南京地区三种不同矿物成分的黏性土,制成不同含水量和干密度的试样,在5～45℃条件下,开展了抗剪强度试验,获得了三种土的非饱和重塑试样的抗剪强度与温度的关系.试验结果表明:黏性土的黏聚力随温度升高呈线性变化;亲水矿物含量较高的黏性土抗剪强度对温度变化较敏感,黏聚力随着温度...     

干密度与含水率对重塑红黏土抗剪强度参数影响研究

为探究了解桂林重塑红黏土抗剪强度特性,利用三轴试验研究饱和及未饱和重塑红黏土的干密度、含水率对土体抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明:相同最优含水率下的饱和重塑红黏土的黏聚力与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凹状,未饱和土的黏聚力与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凸状,两者黏聚力曲线在1.41 g ·cm-3附近两者差值最大;饱和重塑红黏土的内摩擦角与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凹状,未饱和土的内摩擦角与干密度的二次多项式拟合曲线呈凸状,两者在干密度为1.35 g ·cm-3附近差值最大;未饱和重塑红黏土的含水率对抗剪强度参数影响显著。     

基于均匀设计坡积土含水量与干密度对锚-土界面性能影响试验研究

为深入了解坡积土中锚杆锚-土界面剪切变形特性随土体含水量和干密度的变化规律,本文采用自主研制的基于微元法锚-土界面摩阻性能测试方法和装置,引入均匀试验设计原理设计试验方案,测得不同含水量和干密度下锚-土界面的剪应力-剪切变形全过程曲线,其形状符合三折线模型。基于试验结果,回归得到了锚-土界面峰值抗剪强度随土体含水量和干密度变化的经验关系式。同时,试验结果表明:（1）锚-土界面峰值抗剪强度随土体含水量增加而降低,且土体干密度越大其降低幅度越大;（2）峰值抗剪强度随土体干密度的减小而降低,且土体含水量越小,其降低的幅度越大。     

考虑抗剪强度衰减特性的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析

针对传统膨胀土边坡稳定性分析中无法考虑膨胀土在降雨入渗过程中抗剪强度动态衰减的问题,本文开展了室内直剪试验,系统研究了干密度和含水量变化对膨胀土抗剪强度指标的影响;同时,以试验抗剪强度结果为参数,开展了基于强度折减法的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析,获得了抗剪强度动态衰减过程中边坡稳定性的变化规律。结果表明,含水量的增加和干密度...     

花岗岩残积粘性土加、卸荷抗剪强度分析

以广州地区花岗岩残积粘性土为研究对象,通过击样法制备特定含水量试样,在不同压力下进行固结加、卸荷试验,对比分析试验数据,初步研究加、卸荷状态下花岗岩残积粘性土的抗剪强度变化,探寻先期固结压力、含水量与抗剪强度间规律。重塑残积土抗剪强度随含水量增加而减小;在先期固结压力相同的条件下,卸荷相对加荷试验条件下的土体强度显著减小,且减少值随残积土含水量的增加而逐渐减小,故在基坑开挖等卸荷工程项目中,应充分考虑卸荷对土体抗剪强度的影响,在卸荷工程中采用土体卸荷抗剪强度指标更符合工程实际。     

安哥拉Quelo砂抗剪强度特性试验研究

基于安哥拉Quelo（Muceque）砂原状土和重塑土的直剪试验,探讨了结构性、含水率、干密度对Quelo砂抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明,结构性对Quelo砂的抗剪强度影响较为复杂,原状土与重塑土的抗剪力学指标具有明显差异;Quelo砂遇水软化特性显著,原状土和重塑土的黏聚力和内摩擦角随含水率的增大近似呈对数衰减;Quelo砂级配良好,压实后抗剪强度高,适宜用作回填材料,重塑土的黏聚力随干密度的增大近似呈线性增大,内摩擦角随干密度的增大分为稳定段和增大段,呈分段函数的特征。     

宜巴高速岩堆不同密实度大型直剪强度特性

岩堆是指陡峻山坡上,岩体崩坍物质经重力搬运,在山坡坡脚或平缓山坡上堆积的松散堆积体。拟建的宜巴高速公路线路方案穿越多处大型岩堆体,且地质条件复杂,各处岩堆体的密实程度各不相同。不同密实程度的岩堆体的强度和稳定性差异很大,对项目建设造成极大不利。为此进行了相同含水量不同密实度的岩堆体大型直剪强度特性实验,结果表明:岩堆体含水量、密度均存在很大的不均匀性,岩堆充填和胶结物含水量5% ~7%,平均含水量为6.5%,干密度最大值2.246gcm-3,平均天然密度为2.112g cm-3,平均干密度1.982g cm-3; 除干密度2.10gcm-3 试样在低垂直压力(50, 100, 200kPa)下分别出现剪切力峰值116.04, 154.7, 210.82kPa以外,其余各垂直压力下剪切力随水平剪切位移增大而增加,没有明显峰值,表现出明显的应变硬化特征; 岩堆体直剪强度指标c和随着其干密度的增加而增加,相同含水量下一般岩堆体越密实,其抗剪强度越高; 原始级配不同干密度下,随着岩堆体密实度增加,其抗剪强度对密实度的敏感性大幅度下降。     

干密度和细粒含量对砂卵石及碎石抗剪强度的影响

通过对河床砂卵石及爆破碎石的无黏性粗粒土直接剪切试验,对比分析了在不同试验状态下两种粗粒土的细粒含量和干密度分别对其抗剪强度参数的影响以及抗剪强度参数变化规律;试验结果表明,两种粗粒土的抗剪强度参数基本是随着干密度的增大而增大,摩擦角在细粒含量较小时稳定在某一特定值,随着细粒含量的增加而迅速减小;而当干密度增加到一定程度后不同试料在不同试验状态下,咬合力各自都将趋于某一稳定值。从两种试料的试验状态来看,非饱和固结抗剪强度参数相应地比饱和固结的大,河床砂卵石的抗剪强度参数比爆破碎石的大;对同一级配的河床砂卵石在不同相对密度下进行的直接剪切试验结果表明,其抗剪强度参数随着干密度的增大而增大,最终有趋于某一稳定值的趋势。     

千枚岩残坡积土大型直剪试验研究

土体抗剪强度是边坡稳定性分析的重要力学参数,而大型直剪试验是确定粗粒土抗剪强度指标较为有效的方法,但获取所需原状土样较为困难。通过现场挖取边坡残坡积原状土样,开展原状土样和击实土样的室内常规小型直剪对比试验,证明在有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下采用击实土样获取的直剪强度指标可替代原状土样试验结果。击实土样的大型直剪与原状土样的常规直剪试验结果对比分析表明,由常规小型直剪试验获得残坡积土的抗剪强度略高于大型直剪试验结果。由于室内常规小型直剪试验获取的抗剪强度指标往往比边坡实际发生滑动时的抗剪强度指标稍大,建议在边坡稳定性分析中对抗剪强度指标选取时,采用以大型直剪试验获得的有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下击实土样的峰值强度和残余强度,由此进行的边坡稳定性计算将更为科学合理     

Interface creep behavior of grouted anchors in clayey soils: effect of soil moisture condition

This study aims at investigating the influence of moisture conditions on interface shear behavior of element-grouted anchor specimens embedded in clayey soils. The tests involved comparatively short embedment lengths and a device that was specially designed to facilitate moisture conditioning. Rapidly loaded pullout tests as well as pullout tests under sustained (creep) loading were conducted to characterize both the short-term and long-term ultimate shear strength of anchor–soil interfaces. Both values of the interface shear strength were found to decrease exponentially with increasing moisture content values, although their ratio was found to show a linearly decreasing trend with increasing moisture content. The interface shear creep response under pullout conditions was characterized by a rheological hybrid model that could be calibrated using experimental measurements obtained under increasing stress levels. The accuracy of the hybrid model was examined by evaluating the stress-dependent prediction model as well as its governing parameters. This investigation uncovers the coupled impact of soil moisture condition and external stress state on the time-dependent performance of grouted anchors embedded in clayey soils by correlating the interface shear strength with soil moisture content and associating the creep model with stress levels applied to the grout–soil interface.

     

Research on the stabilization treatment of clay slope topsoil by organic polymer soil stabilizer

The topsoil of clayey slope is easy to erosion because it is weak in its strength, water stability and erosion resistance. A new organic polymer soil stabilizer, which was developed for the stabilization treatment of clay slope topsoil and was named as STW, was introduced in this study. In order to understand the effect of STW on the stabilization of clayey soil, laboratory tests on the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, water stability and erosion resistance of untreated and treated soil specimens are performed, The results indicated that STW soil stabilizer can significantly increased the unconfined compression strength, shear strength, water stability and erosion resistance of clayey soil. The unconfined compression strength increased with the increasing of curing time and the variation mainly occurs in the first 24-hour. With the addition amounts of STW increasing, the strength, water stability and erosion resistance increased at the curing time being 48 h, but in the case of friction angle, no major change was observed. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the stabilized soil, the stabilization mechanisms of STW soil stabilizer in the clayey soil were discussed. Finally, a field test of the stabilization treatment of clay slope topsoil with STW was carried out, and the results indicated that the STW soil stabilizer on the stabilization treatment of clay slope topsoil is effective for improving the erosion resistance of slope topsoil, reducing the soil loss and protecting the vegetation growth. Therefore, this technique is worth popularizing for the topsoil protection of clay slope.     

黏性土力学强度与微结构动态环境能场内在关联分析

通过两组不同含水率的黏性土分别在快浸、慢浸、冻融、不同应力条件下的试验,讨论了黏性土力学强度特性与其微结构动态环境能场的本质关联,分析研究了黏性土微结构动态环境能场、外部环境条件变化与其内在介质环境变化之间的密切关联。结果表明,水的浸入对土的微结构特性影响至关重要,对土的抗剪强度的影响明显高于土的变形特性,偏湿土和受振动的土击数越多,对土的初始结构损伤越厉害,但土的后期结构强度有所提高。分析表明冻融对土的微结构破坏最为严重,其次是慢浸。     

超孔隙水压力对低塑性黏性土桩土界面抗剪强度的影响

研究黏性土中桩土界面的抗剪强度及其参数受超孔隙水压力影响的规律,对工程实践具有重要意义。利用自制的大型恒刚度直剪仪,完成了一系列不同界面粗糙度、不同试样含水率和不同剪切速率试验条件下的直剪试验,分析了在不同试验条件下超孔隙水压力变化规律,进而得到考虑超孔隙水压力的桩土界面抗剪强度及其参数的变化规律。研究结果表明：随着界面粗糙度等级提高,桩土界面超孔隙水压力减小,桩土界面抗剪强度、有效黏聚力和有效摩擦系数增加;随着含水率的增加,桩土界面超孔隙水压力增加,桩土界面抗剪强度降低,含水率对桩土界面抗剪强度的影响主要是改变了桩土界面的黏聚力,黏聚力先增大后减小,对摩擦系数的影响较小;特定试验条件下,随着剪切速率的增加,桩土界面超孔隙水压力增加,桩土界面抗剪强度降低,桩土界面黏聚力先增大后又减小,变化幅度不超过2 kPa,对摩擦系数的影响较小。因此,桩土界面抗剪强度及其参数是界面粗糙度、试样含水率和剪切速率变化引起超孔隙水压力变化共同影响的结果,试验结果可供相关工程设计参考。     

翠湖湿地软土触变性试验研究

利用自行研制的微型十字板剪切仪对翠湖湿地软土的触变性进行了试验研究。观测了湿地软土扰动后由不同静置时间引起的抗剪强度的变化,确定了扰动后湿地软土的抗剪强度恢复时间、恢复程度、灵敏度以及触变强度比率。对湿地软土的触变性进行了3个不同深度处的试验研究,得到了深度和静置时间对扰动后土体抗剪强度恢复的耦合影响。对湿地重塑土样进行了不同含水率的试验研究,得到了湿地软土含水率和抗剪强度的对应曲线。试验结果可为深入研究湿地软土工程力学性质提供依据,也可为沼泽湿地的合理开发利用提供参考。     

考虑饱和度的压实填土抗剪强度研究

压实填土一般为典型的非饱和土,广泛存在于各类工程中,其物理力学性质受填土含水状态的影响。因基质吸力测量困难,非饱和土强度理论难以在压实填土工程中应用。研究含水状态变化对压实土抗剪强度影响的大小,寻找一种简化实用的非饱和压实土抗剪强度确定方法。从非饱和土理论出发,对含水状态影响压实土抗剪强度的机制进行了分析,重新整理并分析了5种压实土的非饱和三轴试验结果,对一些压实土工程资料中的直剪试验强度指标进行了收集和整理。分析表明,基质吸力对压实填土抗剪强度的贡献占有相当大的比例;含水率变化对压实填土抗剪强度的影响是非常显著和不容忽视的。工程资料中压实土饱和度对数值与黏聚力指标有良好的线性相关关系,提出了一个考虑饱和度影响的压实填土抗剪强度简易计算方法。     

Strength Behavior of Shanghai Clayey Soil Reinforced with Wheat Straw Fibers

It is generally recognized that the low strength and high compressibility are the characteristics of soft soil. In addition to other techniques, reinforcement can also be used in increasing the strength and decreasing the deformation of this kind of soil. The results of an investigation into the effects of a natural fiber on the consolidation and shear strength behavior of Shanghai clayey soil reinforced with wheat straw fibers are presented in this paper. A series of one dimensional consolidation and triaxial tests were conducted on samples of unreinforced and reinforced Shanghai clayey soil with different percentages of randomly distributed wheat straw fibers. The results show that the preconsolidation pressure decreases and the coefficient of swelling and compression generally increase with increasing the fiber content until a optimum content value. Furthermore, the addition of wheat straw fiber leads to a significant increase in shear strength and friction angle of the natural soil and there is an optimum wheat fiber content that makes this increase maximal.     

冻融循环对砼护坡界面抗剪强度影响试验研究

以混凝土铰接块+土工布+黏土护坡结构室内模型为研究对象, 分别讨论不同含水量及冻融循环次数下接触面间抗剪强度指标的变化规律. 分别测定常温下护坡结构含水量在15.7%~28%之间的黏聚力(C)和内摩擦角(φ)值, 含水量为18%以及饱和状态下经过10次冻融循环的C值和φ值, 采用多元回归法进行分析. 结果表明: 含水量对护坡结构的抗剪强度指标弱化十分明显, 斜面摩擦试验中黏聚力和内摩擦角均随含水量增加而降低; 含水量与内摩擦角呈线性相关关系, 与黏聚力呈乘幂关系. 冻融循环过程水分迁移导致砼护坡界面水分增大, 界面抗剪强度指标弱化. 随冻融循环次数的增加砼铰接块护坡界面的抗剪强度减小, 对于非饱和黏性土, 在5次冻融循环时减小幅度较大, 但10次冻融循环时减小幅度较小并基本趋于稳定; 而对于饱和黏性土, 其抗剪强度指标随冻融循环次数的增加减小幅度并不明显.     

Study on soil–cement grout interface shear strength of soil nailing by direct shear box testing method

An important design parameter in cement-grouted soil nailed structures is the shear strength at the interface between the grouted nail and the surrounding soil. Both field and laboratory pull-out tests are normally used to investigate this interface shear strength. However, these tests have some limitations. In this study, direct shear box tests are adopted to investigate the interface shear strength behaviour between a completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil and a cement grout plate. Tests were carried out in a large direct shear test apparatus over a range of constant normal stress, soil moisture content, and soil–cement grout interface surface waviness. The laboratory test procedures are briefly described and the main test results are presented, followed by a discussion of the shear behaviour of the soil–cement grout interface. The interface shear behaviour is compared with the shear strength behaviour of the same soil tested under comparable conditions. It is shown that the shear stress–displacement behaviour of the soil–cement grout interface is similar to that of the soil alone. The test results indicate that the interface shear strength of the CDG and cement grout material depends on the normal stress level, the soil moisture content, and the interface surface waviness.