三峡工程库区迁建城镇新址地质环境质量综合评价与对比

通过建立地质环境质量综合评价指标体系,运用灰色聚类方法,对三峡工程库区九座迁建城镇新址的地质环境质量进行了综合对比分析,划分出三个质量等级。地质环境质量等级反映了迁建城址环境组成要素与人类工程活动和社会经济发展的适宜程度。单要素地质体质量,城市综合灾度和自然资源优势度是主要的影响因素。     

城镇地质环境经济评价研究

本文提出城镇地质环境经济评价新概念。较详细地讨论了该评价的基本思想，主要主要环境地质因素，指标体系与常用的损失计算模型。最后用该评价的理论对三峡库迁建城镇新址地质环境质量损益进行了概略性经济评价。     

《长江三峡库区移民迁建新址重大地质灾害及防治研究》简介

由殷跃平研究员等撰写的专著《长江三峡库区移民迁建新址重大地质灾害及防治研究》近期已由地质出版社公开出版发行。本书对三峡工程库区滑坡及防治、边坡结构及加固、库岸坍塌及防护、工程弃渣处置加筋土技术、大型崩滑塌堆积体成因及开发利用、岩溶及岩溶地质灾害、易滑地层工程地质特征、人防硐室诱发塌陷灾害、地质灾害风险评估等移民迁建中的重大地质灾害问题进行了深入研究。本书注重与移民迁建相结合,介绍了作者在库区亲身实践的基于防治基础上的滑坡体和边坡防护与综合开发利用、建筑开挖弃渣超高加筋土挡墙处置、库岸防护等丰富的…     

三峡水利枢纽库区巫山县城新址地质环境质量预断评价

在系统分析新址地质环境条件、预断评价的目标、环境要素的构成基础上,选用敏感因子综合评价模型对新址地质环境质量进行了预断评价,分析了评价成果,提出了新城建设-地质环境系统调控措施,可作为合理制定新城规划、进行建设和环境保护的依据。     

三峡工程兴山峡口移民区滑坡防治与利用方案研究

以三峡库区湖北省兴山县峡口镇移民迁建新址为例,研究了在滑坡防治工程的基础上,结合移民建设进行土地开发利用方案。在１８０ｍ和２３０ｍ高程采用２排人工挖孔抗滑桩,有效地控制了滑体深层整体稳定性,并与上部公路建设相结合,形成了公路路面。在高程２００ｍ和２６０ｍ一带,采用小口径孔灌注桩,穿过滑带,承重与阻滑相结合,根据建设规划随机布置,为建筑提供桩基础与平地的同时,增加滑体稳定性,形成了４个平台,有效地解     

巴东城区黄土坡滑坡与迁建新址地质环境分析

为保证三峡库区巴东组易滑地层区城市规划发展地质安全,采用系统分析与类比的方法,探讨了非正常斜坡地质环境的开发利用与保护问题.巴东城区黄土坡滑坡是一个多期次形成的特大型复合变形体,系统分析表明,在三峡水库运行条件下,该滑坡前缘稳定性较差,但整体基本稳定,仍可限制性加以利用,实施部分搬迁避险是必要的.从整体而论,迁建新址区与黄土坡滑坡区地质环境条件类同,即同属三峡库区,由巴东组易滑地层组成、以顺向坡体结构为主要特色的斜坡地质环境,发育多个影响较大的滑坡,显现出地质环境比较脆弱的一面,利用时仍须加以限制.通过加强地质灾害防治体系建设和风险管制,能保证两区规划发展在允许风险水平条件下的地质安全.      

三峡工程库区移民迁建区地质灾害与防治

三峡工程移民总人口达120万人,移民迁建区地质条件复杂,地质环境容量极为有限,人地关系紧张,移民安置难度大。本文将三峡工程移民迁建区地质工作归结为地质条件的复杂性、地质工作的阶段性、地质认识的局限性、地质问题的长期性4个方面,并对三峡库区地质灾害临测预警工程的建设内容和运行方式进行了初步探讨。三峡库区地质灾害预警工程将按照“中央领导,分省负责,县为基础”的方针,在群测群防体系和专业技术体系相结合的基础上,以国家、省市和县区3级地质环境监测站为依托,采用现代化的计算机网络技术和群测群防手段,对库区以滑坡为主的地质灾害进行分批分级监测,三峡库区地质灾害预警工程将分4个阶段实施。最后,就三峡工程移民迁建区地质灾害防治工作提出了建议。     

中国西北地区的干旱与旱灾——变化趋势与对策

地质灾害是地质环境极端恶化的一种表象。通过简要回顾中国的环境地质工作与存在问题,初步架构了山地区域工程地质环境质量评价—功能区划—工程容量评价—地质灾害风险管理等四阶段递进的研究框架。地质环境质量主要研究地质环境自身的工程属性。功能区划是基于地质环境质量研究提出地质环境的最佳土地开发利用方式或工程类型。针对地质环境与工程建设的相互作用特点,容量研究具体给出某一地质环境功能区对工程规模、数量、作用强度与持续时间的响应能力或包容能力。风险评估主要研究工程建设与运营过程中遭遇地质灾害风险的概率、可接受性和减灾对策。     

宁夏草原实验站地区地质环境质量的GIS综合评价

宁夏草原实验站地区生态地质环境脆弱 ,土壤侵蚀 ,土地沙化 ,水质恶化等地质灾害现象较严重。为了提高全民保护和改善地质环境的意识 ,帮助政府部门制定环境管理和地区开发政策 ,利用模糊加权评价的数学模型 ,借助 GIS空间分析技术 ,对来自于多渠道的地质环境信息进行了综合分析 ,将研究区地质环境质量分为差、较差、中等、较好、良好 5个等级 ,并制作了地质环境质量综合评价分区图 ,为制定合理的地区经济开发和改善地质环境提供了直接的地质依据     

内蒙古西辽河平原地质环境问题及地下水资源合理开发利用研究

气候变化和水资源的不合理开发利用改变了当地地表水和地下水的天然状态和补径排规律,使水成为许多环境要素中变化最快的因子,形成了诸多地质环境问题。西辽河平原的环境地质问题主要表现为土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、区域地下水位下降及地下水污染等。本文重点总结了西辽河平原地质环境问题,对地下水资源合理开发利用进行了粗浅研究,提出了开发利用建议。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.