焦作九里山水资源联合运营的优化管理

本文在九里山岩溶地下水系统的数值模拟模型的基础上，应用响应矩阵法，建立了焦作地区地表水资源和地下水资源联合调度运营的优化管理模型，同焦作地区目前岩溶地下水开采时空域上的不合理性，提出了合理开发利用地下水的开采方案同时指出，解决焦作地区将来水资源供求紧张局势的主要手段是开发地表水资源和提高矿井水资源的利用率。     

多目标规划在保定市水资源优化配置的应用研究

水资源短缺已成为严重制约保定市经济发展的重要因素。因此,对水资源进行优化配置研究,对水资源规划与管理有重要意义。运用多目标规划理论建立了一个考虑当地地表水、地下水及其水源多水源联合供水条件下的保定市水资源优化配置模型。模型以经济和社会的综合效益最大为目标,分析确定了模型各参数,并调用matlab优化工具箱中的函数进行编程求解,得到保定市规划水平年(2015年,2030年)的水资源优化配置方案,为该市水资源规划与管理提供依据。     

北方岩溶地区水资源科学调配——以娘子关泉域为例

长期以来,在水资源评价及开发中,将地表水和地下水分割开来、使资源量计算重复,开发相互干扰。我国北方岩溶泉域大多是地表水-岩溶地下水联合系统,各种水资源有其不同的性状,其间又有密切的联系。本文以娘子关泉域为例,将地表水-浅层地下水-深层岩溶水-泉水作为统一的水资源系统,在研究其间转化关系的基础上,建立联合调度及管理模型,根据多种水文年组合,提出了长系列优化调度方案。      

系统动力学-多目标规划整合模型在秦皇岛市水资源规划中的应用

应用系统动力学-多目标规划整合模型对秦皇岛市城市水资源利用结构进行了优化研究,首先预测秦皇岛市在以1999年为基准年,不进行结构调整状态下的总体发展趋势,从中获取有关水资源的供需信息,然后进行水资源利用结构分析,找出存在的问题,据此进行城市总体结构和水资源利用结构的优化研究,获得了秦皇岛市区水资源利用规划方案;将所得规划结果输入系统动力学模型,对规划方案实施后的社会、经济和环境后果进行了合理预测.     

基于地下水调控的沧州市地面沉降防治模拟研究

地下水的不合理开采是引发地面沉降的关键因素。文章根据研究区水文地质及工程地质条件,对含水层和弱透水层进行概化,运用Modflow软件建立了研究区的地下水流模型和地面沉降土水耦合模型。针对可采用的地下水调控模拟方案对沧州市的地面沉降发展趋势做出预测,为今后合理开采地下水,控制地面沉降发展提供技术依据。     

平原区地表水与地下水联合调控模型研究

平原区三水转化关系强烈，由地表水和地下水形成了统一的水资源系统。本文研究分析了基于费用准则和供水量准则的地表水与地下水联合调控模型，以合理开发、优化调度本区的水资源．充分发挥该区地表水库和地下含水层空间的联合调蓄作用，提高水资源的利用率，达到最佳的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益。     

哈密淖毛湖工业园区水资源优化配置模型及应用分析

水资源配置不仅关系到当地的生态系统安全,也关系到水资源的可持续利用。根据研究区水文地质特征与研究目的,利用与VM嵌套的WinPEST的参数估值及优化预测模块,以地表水可增加引水量比率为目标函数,以地下水流态变化及生态环境影响等为约束条件,建立了单目标分布参数线性水力管理模型,并采用试估—校正法进行了求解。通过建立哈密淖毛湖工业园区水资源优化配置模型,优化地表水引水量,初步评估推荐方案的正负面环境影响,满足社会经济可持续发展与生态环境保护的要求。     

薄层含水系统水资源优化管理研究——以延吉市为例

以延吉市为例，针对薄层含水系统，利用分布参数响应系数法和单元均衡法相结合的方法，建立了地表水-地下水联合调度单元管理模型。在优化管理方案中提出，对河水和地下水实行分质供水，以提高水资源的利用率。     

从天津市控制地面沉降的实践看水资源统一管理的必要性

本文通过天津市多年控制地面沉降工作的实践,总结分析了导致地面沉降的主要原因是地下水严重超采,而控制地面沉降的首要措施是实现水资源统一管理,使地表水、地下水联合运用,解决地下水超采区的替代水源。     

新疆白杨河流域水资源特征及开发利用对策

通过对新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘白杨河流域水资源特征的分析,阐述了区内水资源开发利用现状,指出水资源开发利用存在地表水与地下水统一规划缺失、灌溉方式落后、开发利用缺乏全局观念以及对水与生态环境缺乏系统研究等的主要问题,提出加强流域综合分析研究,改变落后灌溉方式、对地表水和地下水实行统一管理开发、加强地下水动态监测等措施,对流域地表水与地下水资源进行合理开发利用。     

水汽场中气液态水质量比的确定方法

包气带中裂隙岩体含水量无法用仪器或者实验的方法获取,也无法用理论方法计算,而这部分水对生态复绿和文物保护等的影响不容忽视。为了解决这一问题,确定岩体内气液态水的质量比（α）是关键。在岩体、气态水和液态水组成的开放系统中,当系统内相对湿度达到100%,系统达到局域平衡态。根据热动力学平衡理论,此时系统内气液态水的密度和质量都相等,即液态水和气态水的质量之比为一常数。因此,为了求取α值,文章设计了室内试验,通过对有效试验数据的分析,获取计算α经验公式。试验研究表明:质量比α跟温度t呈指数函数关系;当气态水达到饱和时,液态水的质量远大于气态水的质量。此研究不仅为定量评价包气带中岩体内水汽含量提供一种计算方法,同时对探讨包气带中岩体内气液态水转化规律具有十分重要的参考价值。     

Effect of Zob-Ahan effluent water on ground water quality

Even though, application of industrial effluent water may alleviate the irrigation water shortage in dry regions such as Iran, but uncontrolled discharge into environment and agricultural land may cause unirreversible harmful damage to environments. Therefore, application of industrial effluent water should consider the environmental consequences such as soil, ground water and food contamination. In this study the effect application of Zob-Ahan effluent water for irrigation water and seepage from evaporation ponds on the chemical composition of surrounding well-water were seasonally investigated from April to March in 2003. The water from the selected well was sampled and analyzed for pH, EC, nitrate, hardness, TSS, TDS, and cations including Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, anions including SO4^2-, CO3^2-, HCO3^-, Cl^-, and heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, and Zn . The results were compared with standard levels for ground water resources, irrigation water, and direct human consumption. The result shows that the ground water in the vicinity of effluent water application fields and evaporation ponds is contaminated and the concentrations of NO3, Cl and Fe are higher than standard permissible levels for ground water resources. For irrigation or discharge into absorption well the heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Cr, Co, and Fe are limiting.     

Arsenic contamination of ground and pond water and water purification system using pond water in Bangladesh

This paper, firstly, shows the distribution of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Samta village. This village, which is in Jessore district in Bangladesh, was chosen as a model village for investigating the mechanism of groundwater contamination. 90% of the tube wells in this village had arsenic concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l. Tube wells with arsenic concentrations of over 0.50 mg/l were distributed in the southern part of the village with a belt-like shape from east to west. Secondly, groundwater distribution is discussed with respect to its flow and the high arsenic zone (As≥0.50 mg/l) agrees well with the drifting zone of the groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic-free water supply systems suitable for a small area in the village have been developed. A pond sand filter (PSF) system which purifies pond water is discussed in this paper. Prior to the construction of the PSF, the water quality in ponds was examined for arsenic levels. The inflow of drainage from the tube wells was found to be the major cause of arsenic contamination of pond water. The PSF installed in Samta is working very well and produces a good quality of treated water.     

13071采煤工作面突水水源分析与治理技术

通过对含煤地层薄层灰岩含水层长观孔、奥陶系灰岩含水层长观孔、斜风井采空区老空水的水位观测及突水水质的化验,认为告成煤矿13071工作面的突水水源主要为薄层灰岩水,斜风井老空水、奥陶系灰岩水有少量参与.其导水通道是工作面内底板存在的贯通裂隙带,通过采用以疏为主,其他为辅的治理方案,煤矿恢复了工作面的正常生产.     

General ground water geochemistry of Hellas using bottled water samples

Sixty-one still bottled water samples, representing 41 locations, were collected from Hellas for the purpose of studying the geochemistry of ground water. Since, the dominating lithology comprises limestone, dolomitic limestone, marble, and mafic–ultramafic rocks (ophiolites), the dominant major ions in Hellenic bottled waters are Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, CO₃²⁻ and HCO₃⁻, and are, thus, classified in the Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻ hydrochemical facies. The source aquifers of Hellenic bottled water are apparently continuously replenished by fresh water. Comparison of values of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, pH and electrical conductivity, displayed on bottle labels with those of this study, has shown that there is a fairly good correlation between the two data sets, suggesting that the geochemistry of source aquifers is relatively stable over time, at least from 1998 to 2008.     

注水开发过程中原油的水洗作用初探

注水开发过程中的水洗作用是一个以往被忽略,但又十分重要的问题.通过对3口井、时间间隔为20年的6个原油样品系统的地球化学测试与对比研究,探讨了注水开发过程中水洗作用对原油的改造作用以及各种地球化学参数的变化特征和规律.结果表明,在注水开发过程中,水洗作用对芳烃的影响远大于饱和烃,主要表现在芳烃组分的含量明显降低,一些芳烃类化合物的含量和芳烃参数也发生了显著的变化.认为这些变化是注水开发过程中原油遭受水洗作用的特征性标志,并对油源对比和油气运移等研究具有参考意义.     

Classification of mineral water types and comparison with drinking water standards

In a study of 291 mineral waters from 41 different countries, 9–20% exceeded the Dutch drinking water standards for chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulphate, and fluorine. The mineral water quality cannot be qualified as bad because the standards for these compounds (with the exception of fluorine) are not based on health issues, but matters regarding undesirable taste and possible adverse effects on the water supply system. For the mineral water data set, the amount of dissolved compounds, hardness, and chloride content appear to be the most distinctive criteria. A mineral water type classification based on these criteria will offer consumers a tool for assessing mineral water on the basis of the chemical composition data on the bottle label. In terms of the criteria mentioned, average Dutch tap water strongly resembles the Belgian and Dutch mineral waters. This similarity does not extend to the price, since Dutch tap water is about 500 times cheaper.     

永安井水位记录水震波能力及分析

本文主要在对永安井水位记录的水震波进行统计分析 ,在此基础上 ,择出有代表性震例的水震波进行分析探讨 ,并提出一些假设进行讨论     

水位变化条件下海湾水库盐分达标探讨

针对中国北方海湾水库间歇来水、连续取水和沉积物动态释盐的特点,建立水量与盐分耦合的数学模型,以青岛拟建的沐官岛水库为例,探讨水位变化条件下混合型海湾水库库水盐分的影响因素、超标风险与达标条件。模拟结果表明,在水库水位连续降低条件下,毫米量级的日蒸发量对库水盐分的累积效应显著。在不利水文条件下,受沉积物释盐、水分蒸发与人工取水的影响,混合型海湾水库长期存在盐分超标的风险。与水位不变时相反,水位降低时库水盐分浓度随着取水量的增大而升高;因此,当库水盐分存在超标风险时,可以通过减少日取水量实现库水盐分达标。为保障安全供水,在海湾水库设计与运营管理阶段,均需要综合考虑水量-盐分因素进行水库的日取水量调算。