考虑锈蚀的钢框架柱地震损伤模型研究

为准确评估锈蚀钢框架在地震作用下的损伤,对已有的地震损伤模型进行改进,并对框架柱的地震损伤特性进行分析。建立基于变形和能量组合的双参数损伤模型,对损伤模型中相应的参数给出具体定义和表达式,定义不同破坏等级的损伤指数范围。对3个具有不同锈蚀率的空间钢框架结构进行弹塑性时程分析,并对损伤模型的准确性进行验证。研究结果表明,该模型能够较好地描述锈蚀钢框架柱的地震损伤程度。研究结果可为该类结构构件的地震损伤评估以及基于损伤的抗震设计方法的建立提供理论依据。     

基于推覆分析的钢框架结构地震倒塌判别准则研究

结构地震倒塌判别准则是工程结构强震分析的关键问题。在层损伤模型的基础上,建立了基于推覆分析的建筑结构整体损伤模型,并以国内某2层2跨平面钢框架结构拟静力试验为背景,应用有限元程序ABAQUS对平面钢框架进行了强震倒塌数值模拟。分析了钢框架结构的倒塌破坏过程,基于建议地震倒塌判别准则研究了钢框架结构的损伤演化规律。结果表明:钢框架结构在强震作用下的损伤发展顺序与塑性发展顺序一致;基于推覆分析的结构整体损伤模型能较好的体现强震作用下钢框架结构的损伤演化规律,且在上下界处收敛;强震作用下,钢框架结构的初始损伤主要由结构的残余侧移引起,而后期损伤主要由结构的承载力和刚度退化引起。     

基于应变能耗储的钢筋混凝土框架结构地震损伤演化研究

结构地震损伤破坏,本质上是地震动输入能量超出结构或构件耗能能力所致。“能量”参数能够综合反映地震动强度、频谱特性以及强震持时对结构破坏的影响,本文基于能量耗散原理建立结构损伤模型,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对3榀单层单跨钢筋混凝土平面框架结构抗震性能进行数值模拟,通过损伤指数量化研究了地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的损伤演化规律。研究表明:基于应变能耗储的结构损伤模型,能够合理有效地反映“位移首超破坏”与“累积损伤破坏”模式,且上、下界收敛;模拟分析得到的滞回曲线和骨架曲线与试验数据吻合较好,数值建模方法适用于以梁、柱构件为主的框架结构抗震性能分析;耗能构件框架梁能够对结构损伤破坏发展和抗震性能劣化起到一定延缓作用,承力构件框架柱的损伤加剧会加速结构抗震性能的劣化;加载幅值较小时,结构依靠混凝土裂缝闭合摩擦消耗能量,“位移首超破坏”所致损伤所占比例较大,随着位移幅值及循环次数的增加,“累积损伤破坏”所致损伤所占比例逐渐增大。     

钢筋混凝土平面框架结构拟动力有限元分析

采用ABAQUS软件建立2层1榀1跨钢筋混凝土平面框架结构的三维实体精细有限元模型进行拟动力分析,模型考虑混凝土的塑性损伤和钢材的弹塑性混合强化性质、结构阻尼和连续地震引起的塑性损伤累积效应。在位移、恢复力的计算结果与已有拟动力试验结果符合较好的基础上,进一步分析该平面框架的结构损伤、塑性耗能分配机制以及混凝土、钢筋的应力-应变。结果表明:小震、中震作用下,平面框架结构基本处于弹性阶段,大震作用时进入塑性阶段;地震往复作用使梁柱节点处混凝土比柱底更容易压碎,1层梁比2层梁更容易破坏;梁的塑性耗能占比远远大于柱,该框架为典型的"强柱弱梁"结构体系;采用的建模分析方法能有效反映结构的损伤过程,可方便地用于实际工程的抗震性能评估。     

梁铰型屈服RC框架结构地震弹塑性位移增大系数研究

本文通过弹性和弹塑性时程分析,研究了水平地震作用下梁铰型屈服RC框架模型结构的楼层屈服剪力系数、基本自振周期、楼层数3个因素对弹塑性位移增大系数的影响,通过非线性回归分析给出了弹塑性层间位移增大系数经验公式;通过分析滞回耗能沿楼层高度的分布,初步确定了梁铰型屈服RC框架结构的薄弱楼层位置;基于结构损伤分析,讨论了抗震规范中RC框架结构弹塑性层间位移角限值的水准。     

圆钢管混凝土组合框架拟动力性能有限元分析

提出了一种精细化有限元建模方法,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立2层圆钢管混凝土柱-组合梁空间框架的三维实体精细有限元模型进行拟动力分析。模型考虑了混凝土与钢材的合理滞回本构关系、钢管对核心混凝土的套箍约束作用、梁与柱的半刚性连接节点以及结构阻尼。位移、加速度、基底剪力、累积耗能的有限元结果与已有拟动力试验结果吻合良好,证明了模型具有较高的精度。进一步分析了结构损伤、钢管混凝土柱轴压比、钢管横向变形系数以及钢管、核心混凝土、钢梁、楼板和钢筋的应力。结果表明:3种幅值El Centro波作用下,组合框架基本处于弹性阶段,具有良好的抗震性能;柱的轴压比很小,且受压损伤小于楼板,该框架结构为典型的"强柱弱梁"体系;采用的建模方法具有求解效率高、数值稳定性好的特点,能有效反映结构的损伤过程,因此可方便地用于实际工程的抗震性能评估。     

钢管混凝土框架骨架曲线研究

以钢管混凝土统一理论为基础,从截面层次的恢复力模型出发,钢管混凝土柱构件选用三线型弯矩~曲率滞回模型;钢梁采用双线型弯矩-转角滞回模型;钢筋混凝土梁选用三线型弯矩-转角滞回模型。使用非线性分析程序IDARC分析钢梁-钢管混凝土柱和钢筋混凝土梁-钢管混凝土柱两类框架结构的骨架曲线,程序结果和试验结果吻合良好。并进一步研究了轴压比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度等对结构骨架曲线的影响。研究结果不仅为钢管混凝土框架结构的应用推广提供了必要的理论基础,而且对钢管混凝土抗震设计具有较好的参考价值。     

基于结构动力特征的小损伤识别方法研究

为了获取基于结构动力特征的小损伤识别方法,组织实施了钢直管、钢壳及5层钢框架结构的损伤识别试验。试验结果表明,以"频率比"作为结构损伤诊断指标对于识别均匀、规整的一维(杆、索)、二维(板、壳)以及三维钢框架结构的损伤十分敏感;该指标对识别钢直管纵向大损伤及3mm横向切口的小损伤;对钢壳径向损伤及环向损伤,对5层钢框架结构的节点螺栓脱落损伤均敏感有效。     

罕遇地震下自复位钢框架抗震性能参数分析

分析研究对梁腹板带有摩擦阻尼器的自复位钢框架结构抗震性能起主要影响作用的钢绞线初始预应力值和摩擦阻尼器的摩擦力值这两项参数。首先,采用ABAQUS有限元软件的连接单元法建立结构分析模型。然后,对结构分析模型的计算参数进行取值。最后,分析了预应力钢绞线的初始预应力值和摩擦阻尼器的摩擦力值这两项参数对自复位钢框架结构抗震性能的影响。     

RC框架结构地震塑性损伤分析

基于经典塑性模型与连续损伤模型,根据广义应力空间塑性力学确定了塑性变形的演化法则,文中发展了一种地震塑性损伤分析方法。用来进行混凝土框架结构的抗震分析,将塑性损伤的本构关系运用于两端具有塑性铰的梁模型,模拟框架结构的梁柱。同时该方法的损伤指数可以确定结构各单元和整体的地震时性能,确定结构极限荷载,算例表明该方法具有可靠的精度。     

Experimental investigation of damage behavior of RC frame members including non-seismically designed columns

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are one of the mostly common used structural systems, and their seismic performance is largely determined by the performance of columns and beams. This paper describes horizontal cyclic loading tests often column and three beam specimens, some of which were designed according to the current seismic design code and others were designed according to the early non-seismic Chinese design code, aiming at reporting the behavior of the damaged or collapsed RC frame strctures observed during the Wenchuan earthquake. The effects of axial load ratio,shear span ratio, and transverse and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on hysteresis behavior, ductility and damage progress were incorporated in the experimental study. Test results indicate that the non-seismically designed columns show premature shear failure, and yield larger maximum residual crack widths and more concrete spalling than the seismically designed columns. In addition, longitudinal steel reinforcement rebars were severely buckled. The axial load ratio and shear span ratio proved to be the most important factors affecting the ductility, crack opening width and closing ability, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had only a minor effect on column ductility, but exhibited more influence on beam ductility. Finally, the transverse reinforcement ratio did not influence the maximum residual crack width and closing ability of the seismically designed columns.     

Decoupling algorithm for evaluating multiple beam damages in steel moment‐resisting frames

Post‐earthquake safety evaluation of steel moment‐resisting frames mainly relies on the inspection of seismic damage to beam–column connections. Recently, in order to evaluate seismic damage of steel connections in a prompt and precise manner, a local damage evaluation method based on dynamic strain responses has been proposed and receives attention. In the evaluation method where strain responses are measured by piezoelectric strain sensors, a strain‐based damage index has been developed for evaluating individual seismic beam damage in a steel frame. However, for a steel frame suffering multiple beam damages, the damage index deteriorates its performance in identifying small damages with the presence of neighboring severe damages because of the moment redistributions induced by larger damages. This paper presents a decoupling algorithm that removes the issue of damage interaction and improves the performance of the damage index. The decoupling algorithm was derived on the basis of damage‐induced moment release and redistribution mechanism. The effectiveness of the decoupling algorithm was numerically and experimentally investigated using a nine‐story steel frame model and a large scale five‐story steel frame testbed that can simulate multiple fractures at beam ends. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于时变地震损伤模型的多龄期钢框架结构易损性分析

基于时变地震损伤模型提出酸性大气环境作用下多龄期钢框架结构概率地震易损性分析的方法及步骤;考虑服役龄期对钢框架结构抗震性能的影响,分别建立时变概率地震需求模型、时变概率抗震能力模型及时变易损性模型;在概率地震需求分析及概率抗震能力分析的基础上,得到多龄期(20年、30年、40年、50年)钢框架结构的易损性模型及易损性曲线。     

既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的多指标云模型地震损伤评估

目前的既有钢混结构地震损伤研究没有同时考虑不同抗震设计规范差异和耐久性两个因素对结构抗震性能的影响,且损伤指标较简单,在动力损伤分析中也存在局限。基于云模型的特点,提出了包括弹塑性耗能差率、刚度损伤指数、层间位移角和顶点位移角的多元结构损伤状态综合评估方法,能够同时考虑结构各损伤指数的随机性和模糊性。考虑不同版本抗震设计规范造成的结构性能差异和耐久性下降对结构性能的影响,设计3个典型五层钢混框架结构,进行增量动力分析,验证损伤评估方法的准确性。结果表明：随着抗震规范版本的更新,结构的损伤程度有适当减轻;同一结构的损伤程度因混凝土碳化作用先减轻后加重;采用弹塑性耗能差率表征既有结构的地震损伤效果优于刚度损伤指数;基于多指标云模型损伤评估方法获得的云模型综合隶属度和综合损伤值能够更加细化和精确地描述结构损伤状态。     

Optimal seismic design of steel frame buildings based on life cycle cost considerations

A multi‐objective optimization procedure is presented for designing steel moment resisting frame buildings within a performance‐based seismic design framework. Life cycle costs are considered by treating the initial material costs and lifetime seismic damage costs as two separate objectives. Practical design/construction complexity, important but difficult to be included in initial cost analysis, is taken into due account by a proposed diversity index as another objective. Structural members are selected from a database of commercially available wide flange steel sections. Current seismic design criteria (AISC‐LRFD seismic provisions and 1997 NEHRP provisions) are used to check the validity of any design alternative. Seismic performance, in terms of the maximum inter‐storey drift ratio, of a code‐verified design is evaluated using an equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom system obtained through a static pushover analysis of the original multi‐degree‐of‐freedom frame building. A simple genetic algorithm code is used to find a Pareto optimal design set. A numerical example of designing a five‐storey perimeter steel frame building is provided using the proposed procedure. It is found that a wide range of valid design alternatives exists, from which a decision maker selects the one that balances different objectives in the most preferred way. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

楼板及其配筋在RC框架结构实现抗震延性机制中的作用分析

总结采用梁有效翼缘来考虑楼板及配筋对“强柱弱梁”机制形成的影响的实验和数值仿真研究。基于SAP2000采用三种侧向加载模式对RC框架结构不带楼板、不带楼板考虑梁刚度放大、带楼板的三个模型进行pushover分析,对力与位移的关系曲线、塑性铰的出铰顺序以及顶点位移与层间位移等方面进行探讨。结果表明:三个模型的“强柱弱梁”现象不带楼板的纯框架结构最明显,考虑梁刚度放大的模型次之,带楼板结构最不明显,证明负弯矩承载力和刚度等反映“强柱弱梁”的参数及塑性铰的出现顺序与楼板、板内配筋存在明显的对应关系;楼板及配筋影响框架结构的整体变形性能和塑性耗能能力,是抗震延性机制实现的重要影响因素。在后续的结构设计中,建议考虑实际楼板和钢筋建模进行计算分析。     

Seismic performance of a 3D full‐scale high‐ductile steel–concrete composite moment‐resisting frame—Part II: Test results and analytical validation

This paper presents the results of a multi‐level pseudo‐dynamic seismic test program that was performed to assess the performance of a full‐scale three‐bay, two‐storey steel–concrete composite moment‐resisting frame built with partially encased composite columns and partial‐strength beam‐to‐column joints. The system was designed to develop a ductile response in the joint components of beam‐to‐column joints including flexural yielding of beam end plates and shear yielding of the column web panel zone. The ground motion producing the damageability limit state interstorey drift caused minor damage while the ultimate limit state ground motion level entailed column web panel yielding, connection yielding and plastic hinging at the column base connections. The earthquake level chosen to approach the collapse limit state induced more damage and was accompanied by further column web panel yielding, connection yielding and inelastic phenomena at column base connections without local buckling. During the final quasi‐static cyclic test with stepwise increasing displacement–amplitudes up to an interstorey drift angle of 4.6%, the behaviour was ductile although cracking of beam‐to‐end‐plate welds was observed. Correlations with numerical simulations taking into account the inelastic cyclic response of beam‐to‐column and column base joints are also presented in the paper together. Inelastic static pushover and time history analysis procedures are used to estimate the structural behaviour and overstrength factors of the structural system under study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic rehabilitation performance of steel side plate moment connections

Moment connections in an existing steel building located in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were rehabilitated to satisfy seismic requirements based on the 2005 AISC seismic provisions. Construction of the building was ceased in 1996 due to financial difficulties and was recommenced in 2007 with enhanced connection performance. Steel moment connections in the existing building were constructed by groove welding the beam flanges and bolting the beam web to the column. Four moment connections, two from the existing steel building, were cyclically tested. A non‐rehabilitated moment connection with bolted web‐welded flanges was tested as a benchmark. Three moment connections rehabilitated by welding full‐depth side plates between the column face and beam flange inner side were tested to validate the rehabilitation performance. Test results revealed that (1) the non‐rehabilitated existing moment connection made by in situ welding process prior to 1996 had similar deformation capacity as contemporary connection specimens made by laboratory welding process, (2) all rehabilitated moment connections exhibited excellent performance, exceeding a 4% drift without fractures of beam flange groove‐welded joints, and (3) presence of the full‐depth side plates effectively reduced beam flange tensile strain near the column face by almost half compared with the non‐rehabilitated moment connection. The connection specimens were also modeled using the non‐linear finite element computer program ABAQUS to further confirm the effectiveness of the side plate in transferring beam moments to the column and to investigate potential sources of connection failure. A design procedure was made based on experimental and analytical studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

设计变截面交叉柔性力学的模型在装配式钢构建筑梁柱预应力中的分析

为了提高装配式钢构建筑梁柱的抗震性能,设计一种变截面交叉柔性力学模型进行截面抗震性的预应力评估。方法中采用极限承载力约束进行抗震性分析,引入抗弯刚度软化系数进行误差修正,求出钢构建筑梁柱的荷载作用力矩,通过应力评估和结构解耦性设计,实现钢构建筑梁柱的抗震性评估。构建以钢材强度、延性指标和钢框架地震易损特征为约束参量的抗震性能分析函数,建立装配式钢构建筑梁柱开裂初始预应力预测方法,实现装配式钢构建筑梁柱预应力的准确评估。试验结果表明,所提模型能够对装配式钢构建筑梁柱的应力应变关系、屈服强度以及极限承载力进行准确计算,提高配式钢构建筑梁柱的抗震性能。