甘肃岷县寨上特大型金矿次显微金的赋存状态研究

寨上金矿是一微细浸染型超大型金矿床。通过光学显微镜、人工重砂、电子探针、扫描电镜等显微测试手段对寨上矿区主要载金矿物进行分析测试得出：黄铁矿、白钨矿是最主要的载金矿物之一,石英、褐铁矿、辉铜矿是次要的载金矿物．方解石、菱铁矿、重晶石等不含金。由于受检测手段所限,在含金黄铁矿、白钨矿、石英等矿物中未发现独立金颗粒,所以寨上金矿次显微金呈微包裹体形式存在于载金矿物中或呈类质同象替代的原子形式存在。通过研究主要载金矿物黄铁矿中Au、As的关系得出：Au与As呈正相关关系;从具有增生环带结构黄铁矿的内核向增生体S、Fe呈对数下降趋势,Au、As呈对数上升趋势。对比沉积期、热液期形成的黄铁矿主量、微量元素得出S、Fe变化不大,微量As呈线性递增,而Au呈线性递减。     

滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿床金的特征

通过化学分析法、X射线衍射和粒度分级、金的浸出实验，对上芒岗红色粘土型金矿床进行研究，发现矿石矿物由褐铁矿、粘土矿物和石英组成，矿石中的金与粗颗粒的多少呈正相关，为微细粒金和游离态金，被吸附于褐铁矿、粘土矿物和石项等矿物表面或裂隙中，在红色粘土剖面中与Mo、Sb、Hg、As等元素紧密共生，金在弱酸-弱碱性条件下活性、迁移，在潜水面附近再沉淀，上芒岗卡林型金矿体为红色粘土型金矿的主要矿源体。     

甘肃枣子沟金矿床成矿过程分析——来自矿床地质特征、金的赋存状态及稳定同位素证据

枣子沟金矿位于同仁-夏河-岷县金成矿带,矿区赋矿地层为三叠纪中统古浪堤组下段细碎屑岩及灰岩,并发育大量闪长质脉岩。矿体既产于地层中,也出现在脉岩或其接触带中,但其产状均严格受NE、NW及近SN向3组断裂构造控制,控矿构造为高角度的张剪性及旋扭性断裂。热液成矿期可划分为黄铁矿-石英阶段,黄铁矿-毒砂-(闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-辉银矿-绢云母-绿泥石-)石英阶段,辉锑矿-石英-方解石阶段及石英-方解石阶段。围岩蚀变类型主要为硅化、方解石化及绢云母化。环境扫面电镜及电子探针测试数据表明,金呈显微可见金存在于矿物裂隙和粒间隙中或以纳米不可见金捕获在载金矿物中。成矿期不同硫化物金的质量分数均高出检测限,其范围为0.003%～0.658%,平均值为0.257%。枣子沟金矿床具有卡林型金矿床的典型特征。氢氧同位素数据显示成矿流体主要来自大气水,硫同位素数据则表明硫主要来自沉积地层。其成矿过程可能为深切割断裂导通地下水,在深部被加热循环萃取围岩中成矿物质,并在浅表张性断裂中充填交代围岩,致使成矿物质沉淀富集成矿。金的迁移形式可能存在AuH3SiO04、Au(HS)2-、H2Au(Sb,As)S02和HAu(Sb,As)S3-等多种迁移方式。成矿早阶段可能以金硅络合物的解体为主,成矿晚阶段则可能是硫氢(锑)络合物发生解体,致使金与硫化物同时沉淀,以显微纳米金的形式包含在硫化物中。     

甘肃阳山金矿田载金矿物特征及金赋存状态研究

采用电子探针分析,详细研究了甘肃阳山类卡林型金矿田原生矿石中不同成矿阶段载金矿物的Au、As、S、Fe等元素含量及其分布规律,确定含砷黄铁矿和毒砂是最重要的载金矿物,发现不同成矿阶段的黄铁矿具有不同的成分特点;沉积成岩期黄铁矿为草莓状、胶状,砷和金含量最低,分别为0.10%和0.08%;热液成矿期早阶段黄铁矿粒度较粗(0.40～1.00mm),是较高温度(270～300℃)下缓慢结晶的产物,其砷和金含量较低,分别为0.27%和0.09%;热液成矿期主阶段(包括M1,M2和M3亚阶段)黄铁矿粒度微细(0.05～0.20mm),是210～270℃条件下快速结晶的产物,砷和金含量最高,M1亚阶段分别为3.45%As和0.11%Au,M2亚阶段分别为3.88%As和0.14%Au.在含砷黄铁矿中,金可能有自然金和离子金两种存在方式.沉积成岩期和热液成矿期早阶段低砷黄铁矿中金主要以纳米级自然金(Au~0)颗粒形式分布,而在热液成矿期主阶段含砷黄铁矿中金主要以Au+的形式存在.当热液中As活度高时,含砷黄铁矿在快速生长条件下,其生长面的空穴和缺陷较多,有利于热液中Au(HS)~0络合物通过吸附反应直接进入含砷黄铁矿生长表面.此外,主阶段流体的硫化和沸腾作用均可导致H_2S的减少,有利于形成砷黄铁矿和Au沉淀富集.     

胶东焦家金成矿带2420~3206 m垂深金矿物和黄铁矿微量元素特征

在胶东莱州吴一村地区完成的3266.06 m深钻,是目前焦家金成矿带最深见矿钻孔,研究钻孔揭露的深部矿石中金矿物及黄铁矿微量元素特征,对探讨深部成矿作用演化具有重要意义。笔者采取深钻中2420~3206 m垂深的岩（矿）芯样品进行了详细的岩相学和矿相学研究,结合扫描电镜和电子探针微区分析,研究了矿石中金矿物的赋存状态和成分。对不同成矿阶段形成的黄铁矿进行了LA-ICPMS微量元素分析。研究结果表明,深部矿石中载金矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次为石英、黄铜矿、方铅矿,可见金主要以自然金和银金矿的形式存在,以晶隙金和裂隙金为主,其次为包体金。与浅部金矿床比较,深部金的成色较高。黄铁矿分为6种类型,第Ⅰ成矿阶段形成富Co型黄铁矿Py1,第Ⅱ成矿阶段形成富Ni型黄铁矿Py2a和Py2b,第Ⅲ成矿阶段形成富Au、As型黄铁矿Py3a和富Au、Ag、Pb、Bi型黄铁矿Py3b,第Ⅳ成矿阶段形成贫微量元素黄铁矿Py4。其中,Py1和Py2a发生强烈破碎,裂隙表面对热液中的Au络合物产生吸附作用,对金沉淀富集起重要作用。黄铁矿中Co、Ni、As等微量元素主要以类质同象形式赋存,而Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi等主要以纳米级、微米级矿物包体形式赋存。Pb+Bi、Cu+Pb+Zn、Te+Bi与Au+Ag呈明显正相关,而Au与As相关性较差。黄铁矿中Co、Ni含量较低,而Au+Ag+As或Au+Ag+Pb+Bi+Cu含量较高指示成矿有利。另外,黄铁矿中Co、Ni含量较高,并且破碎强烈,成矿相关元素含量较高也指示成矿有利。     

LA-ICP-MS in situ analyses of the pyrites in Dongyang gold deposit,Southeast China: Implications to the gold mineralization

The Dongyang gold deposit is a newly discovered epithermal deposit in Fujian Province, Southeast China, along the Circum-Pacific metallogenic belt. Herewith, the authors present mineralogical, scanning electron microscope, and laser ablation inductively coupled clasma mass spectrometry analysis to reveal the relations between Au and Te, As, S, Fe, etc., and discuss the gold precipitation process. The pyrites in this deposit are Fe-deficient, and are enriched in Te and As. The authors infer that As was mainly in form of As-complexes, and Te-Au-Ag inclusions/solid solution also exsits in the Py I. Along with the depletion of Te and As, they were less active chemically in the Py II, and Au may be incorporated into As-rich and Fe-deficient surface sites by chemisorption onto As-rich growth surfaces. Because of the incorporation of new fluid, Te and As became the most active chemically in the Py III, which was the main elements precipitation stage, and As dominantly substituted for S in the lattice of pyrite, due to the more reducing condition. The authors propose Au was in form of invisible gold, and the incorporation of gold can be considered as post-pyrite event, while the Au-bearing minerals were result of post incorporation of gold in arsenian pyrite.     

藏南查拉普金矿床载金矿物特征与金的赋存状态

黄铁矿和毒砂是卡林型和造山型金矿床重要的载金矿物。文章通过电子探针(EPMA)分析研究了藏南查拉普金矿床不同类型黄铁矿和毒砂中Au、As、S、Fe等元素的含量变化和分布规律,发现不同阶段的黄铁矿具有不同的结构特征和元素组成特点。沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1)主要呈草莓状、胶状,常构成环带状黄铁矿的核心,其中金的含量最高,显示了金在沉积成岩期的大量富集。热液期早阶段黄铁矿(Py2)主要呈自形-半自形的立方体,与Py1元素(S、Fe、As)组成相近,显示了一定的继承演化关系。热液期主阶段黄铁矿(Py3)与毒砂共生,多呈自形-半自形的五角十二面体、立方体,常包裹早期的黄铁矿形成环带结构。Py3中As的含量明显升高,其增加量近似等于S的减少量,说明As主要进入黄铁矿晶格替代了S的位置。各个阶段的黄铁矿和毒砂中Au的分布在EPMA微束的分辨率下均显示是不均匀的,Au在Py1和大部分Py2中主要以纳米级自然金(Au0)的形式存在;而在Py3中主要以(Au+)的形式存在,少部分以纳米级自然金(Au0)形式存在。Py1的结构及元素组成与典型卡林型金矿和造山型金矿沉积成岩期黄铁矿的特点相似,而Py3的大量发育则符合卡林型金矿的特征。     

Migration paths and precipitation mechanisms of ore-forming fluids at the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit,Guizhou, China

Shuiyindong is one of the largest and highest grade stratabound Carlin-type gold deposits in China. This paper reports on the results of petrographic studies, electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of arsenian pyrite, and the mass transfer during mineralization and alteration, and it presents the deposit-scale distributions of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and trace elements in a representative cross section across the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou Province. The main objectives were to identify the precipitation mechanisms of minerals, or elements from fluids, and the migration paths of ore-forming fluids.Petrographic and EMPA studies indicate that gold in the primary ores is mainly hosted by arsenian pyrite. Mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S were significantly added to all mineralized rocks, Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂ were immobile in the main orebodies that are hosted in bioclastic limestone, and CaO, Na₂O, Sr, and Li were removed from country rocks. The relations between Fe and S indicate that the sedimentary rocks at the Shuiyindong deposit contain more iron than is needed to combine with all of their contained sulfur to form pyrite. This suggests that sulfidation and decarbonation were the principal mechanism of gold precipitation at the Shuiyindong deposit. Hg, Sb, and As commonly formed sulfide minerals, such as stibnite, realgar, and orpiment, in late-stage quartz–calcite veins, or absorbed by organic matter in argillite. Fluid cooling presumably led to depositions of stibnite, realgar, and orpiment in late-stage quartz–calcite veins. Organic matter likely served as a reductant in argillite for the ore fluids, causing the precipitation of As, Sb, Hg, and S, as well as Au.Deposit-scale distributions of gold and other relevant elements reflect the passage of fluids through the rocks. Rock strata and structures allowed the ore-forming fluids to migrate horizontally along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian, converge on the high position of an anticline, and then ascend into the overlying strata along the anticlinal axis. The distributions of the major and trace elements show that elements that accompanied the ore-forming fluids include Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and S, and that Na₂O and Li were exhausted in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core during gold mineralization. The enrichment of Co, Cr, and Ni in the Longtan Formation at the anticlinal core might be associated with deformation that formed the anticline, or with gold mineralization. Different host rocks were preferentially mineralized by different elements. The bioclastic limestone is commonly enriched in Au, whereas the argillite is preferentially enriched in As, Hg, Sb, and Tl. The zonation of ore-forming elements in the deposit appears to be Sb–Tl–As–Hg–Au–Hg–As (from bottom to top). Enrichment of Au, As, Sb, Hg, and Tl provides useful guidance for the exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou. Anomalies of As and Hg in soil or stream sediment might be an important clue and these elements can be used as indicator elements. Ore-forming fluids migrated along the unconformity surface of the Middle–Upper Permian and the anticlinal axis, so these are favorable sites for exploration for Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou.     

金矿床中毒砂标型特征及金的赋存状态——以湖南金矿床为例

湖南含砷金矿资源储量大,分布广,类型多.矿床中的砷矿物主要为毒砂,几乎所有金矿床中的毒砂都含Au（一般120×10^-6~250×10^-6）,且比共生的黄铁矿含Au量高2~5倍,甚至1个数量级以上.毒砂中金的分布率高达64.3%~94.05%.毒砂的生成期有早、晚2期.化学成分为富S亏As型,并以富含微量元素Sb（Se）、Ni、Co而贫Mn及晶胞参数a₀值增大等为标型特征.大多数含Au毒砂均含有相当数量的“不可见金”,即使利用电子探针也难以发现.初步认为毒砂中的“不可见金”多呈纳米级微细粒状存在.     

陕西镇安丘岭卡林型金矿金的赋存状态和富集机理

丘岭金矿床是西秦岭地区重要的卡林型金矿之一, 金矿化赋存于上泥盆统南阳山组和下石炭统袁家沟组地层中, 容矿岩石的岩性为钙质粉砂岩、粉砂质页岩和泥质灰岩.金矿石中主要金属矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂, 非金属矿物则以石英、方解石和绢云母为主.通过对矿石矿物黄铁矿和毒砂的扫描电镜-能谱分析、电子探针分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析, 对丘岭金矿床金的赋存形式和富集机理进行了较为详细的研究.结果表明, 丘岭金矿床中金主要以次显微不可见金的形式存在, 其次为显微可见金.次显微金包括: (1)固溶体金(Au+), 主要存在于环带状细粒黄铁矿的含砷增生边区域和毒砂中, 少量存在于环带状黄铁矿的核部不含砷区域; (2)纳米级自然金颗粒(Au0), 存在于粗晶黄铁矿中.环带状细粒黄铁矿核部的次显微金可能主要以胶体吸附的形式存在, 暗示容矿岩石在沉积成岩过程中有金的初步富集, 而环带状黄铁矿幔部和毒砂中的Au则主要来源于成矿流体, 以S和As的络合物形式搬运.显微可见金主要分布在细粒黄铁矿的晶体边缘和热液蚀变绢云母、石英及方解石中, 粒径通常小于3~5 μm, 其形成可能与成矿流体中金的局部过饱和及成矿流体对细粒黄铁矿和毒砂中次显微金的活化和再次富集有关.      

Mineralogy and geochemistry of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit, Guizhou, China: implications for gold depositional processes

Arsenian pyrite in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type gold deposit in Guizhou, China, is the major host for gold with 300 to 4,000 ppm Au and 0.65 to 14.1 wt.% As. Electron miroprobe data show a negative correlation of As and S in arsenian pyrite, which is consistent with the substitution of As for S in the pyrite structure. The relatively homogeneous distribution of gold in arsenian pyrite and a positive correlation of As and Au, with Au/As ratios below the solubility limit of gold in arsenian pyrite, suggest that invisible gold is likely present as Au¹⁺ in a structurally bound Au complex in arsenian pyrite. Geochemical modeling using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of fluid inclusions for the major ore forming stage shows that the dominant Au species were Au(HS)₂⁻ (77%) and AuHS_(aq)⁰ (23%). Gold-hydroxyl and Gold-chloride complexes were negligible. The ore fluid was undersaturated with respect to native Au, with a saturation index of −3.8. The predominant As species was H₃AsO₃⁰ _(aq). Pyrite in the Shuiyindong deposit shows chemical zonation with rims richer in As and Au than cores, reflecting the chemical evolution of the ore-bearing fluids. The early ore fluids had relatively high activities of As and Au, to deposit unzoned and zoned arsenian pyrite that host most gold in the deposit. The ore fluids then became depleted in Au and As and formed As-poor pyrite overgrowth rims on gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Arsenopyrite overgrowth aggregates on arsenian pyrite indicate a late fluid with relatively high activity of As. The lack of evidence of boiling and the low iron content of fluid inclusions in quartz, suggest that iron in arsenian pyrite was most likely derived from dissolution of ferroan minerals in the host rocks, with sulfidation of the dissolved iron by H₂S-rich ore fluids being the most important mechanism of gold deposition in the Shuiyindong Carlin-type deposit.     

秦岭微细浸染型层控锑—金矿床金赋存状态研究

对秦岭沉积岩为岩矿岩石的微细浸染型金矿中－高含量金样品的光学，背散射电子－二次离子和高分辨透射电镜图象分析表明，金与砷具有显微尺率的强相关性。矿床中Ａｕ／Ａｓ值是变化的，但在提供分析样品中金和砷是正相关的。     

桂西北明山卡林型金矿床热液矿物的显微组构与化学成分特征及其对成矿作用的指示

桂西北明山金矿是滇黔桂地区代表性的卡林型金矿之一,矿体受平行于区域性断裂右江断裂的北西西向次级断层控制,赋存于二叠系灰岩之上的中三叠统钙质细砂岩、碳钙质泥质粉砂质岩中。地质、岩相学特征和阴极发光、背散射电子影像、电子探针等分析研究表明,明山金矿发育了3个成矿阶段的热液矿物组合,不同热液矿物普遍具有多世代的特点。热液矿物中见有波状消光、带状消光、毕姆纹、压溶劈理、位错滑移等韧性剪切带粒内应变特征,坑道中也见有黄铁矿石英脉发生韧性变形、又被后期石英脉切断的现象,说明矿床经历了多次的脆-韧性变形。不同矿化期（阶段）的黄铁矿中Au和As的含量表明:沉积期黄铁矿Au、As的含量较低;成岩期黄铁矿中Au的含量高但As含量不高;而成矿期3个阶段的热液黄铁矿中都含较高的As和Au;热液黄铁矿核部包裹的交代残余黄铁矿Au、As含量较高,但变化范围较大,可能是变质成因。紧邻矿体的围岩中成岩黄铁矿从中心向外Au和As的含量逐渐降低,说明其中的As和Au在后来的构造和（或）热液事件中发生了活化迁移,越靠近颗粒边缘元素的活化迁移越强,这表明成矿物质来自于围岩。根据这些事实,推断明山矿区可能在成岩期发生了金的预富集,变形变质早期富含有机质的变质流体活动又使As发生了富集,主变质期流体的广泛渗透交代、活化出先存含金富砷黄铁矿中的Au和As,形成成矿流体。当成矿流体遇到富含活性铁的炭钙质泥质粉砂岩时,形成黄铁矿的同时发生Au的沉淀。     

西藏浪卡子县也金嘎波金矿岩石地球化学特征

也金嘎波金矿位于冈底斯成矿带上,是对区域化探发现的Au、As多元素组合异常进行追踪发现的,属于热液型金矿床。矿区各类岩石Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Ag、Bi、Pb元素平均值高于中国丰度值数倍以上,表明矿区具有丰富的物质来源基础。岩石地球化学研究证明,矿床地表发育Au、As、Sb等10多个元素组合异常。其中Au是成矿指示元素,As、Sb、W是密切伴生元素,Bi、Ag、Pb、Hg是一般的伴生元素。多元素组合异常浓度带发育,浓集中心互相套合叠置部位指示金矿(化)体位置。矿体指示元素(Au、As、Sb、W、Hg、Bi、Ag、Pb)异常分布在岩体、地层接触带和构造交汇处,显示金矿与岩浆活动、热液作用和断裂构造相关,属多次构造作用、岩浆热液叠加富集而成。该金矿床处在冈底斯成矿带内,此研究对该成矿带金异常的识别和查证,寻找新的金矿具有借鉴意义。     

广西贵港六梅金矿原生晕及深部找矿

六梅金矿床位于广西贵港市龙山矿田福六岭金矿区,属于卡林型金矿床,矿体呈脉状分布。对矿山已开采中段系统采样,进行原生晕研究。矿床元素的空间分布规律显示六梅金矿床中Au、As为正相关关系,含量等值线在空间上吻合性良好,As可作为Au找矿的主要指示元素。原生晕轴向垂直分带序列自上而下为:Cu-Zn-Pb-Hg-Mo-W-Au-As-Ag-Bi-Sb,为"反分带"序列,显示出该金矿床具有多期次多阶段叠加成矿成晕的特点。根据矿床原生晕地球化学特征预测深部矿化的存在。     

四川石棉金矿床中的黝铜矿族矿物

四川石棉西部碳酸盐岩系中的金矿床产于泥盆系中统,受层间蚀变破碎带控制。其中分布有为数较多的黟同矿族矿物,与黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿和Ａｕ－Ａｇ系列矿物共同组成矿石的矿物组合和Ａｕ－Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｐｂ－Ａｓ－Ｓｂ－Ｂｉ的元素组合。电子探针分析表明黝铜矿族矿物有同铜矿、黝铜矿、砷黝铜矿和锌砷黝铜帮等,其中,Ｆｅ－Ｚｎ、ＡｓＳｂ之间分别呈完全类质同象。在垂向上,黝铜矿的成分自上而下由富锌锑向富铁砷演     

河南省嵩县萑香洼金矿矿床地球化学特征

莅香洼金矿发育有与金矿关系密切的地球化学异常,Au及相关元素的平均含量从安山岩→蚀变安山岩→蚀变岩→矿化蚀变岩呈几何级数递增。沿F985构造蚀变带走向,Pb、Ag与Au的组合异常通常与金的矿体晕分布一致,而As、Sb组合则更多反映了矿体前缘晕的组合特点,沿倾向,Au及相关元素自浅而深具有分段富集特征,并在1023m标高和976m标高构成二个浓集中心。其理想的元素轴向分带序列为：前缘晕As、Sb—Ba,矿体晕Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo,矿尾晕（Cu、Mo）-（Co、Ni、Bi）。文章在前人研究的基础上,系统总结了莅香洼金矿床的地球化学特征,总结了构造蚀变岩型金矿床的地球化学找矿标志,建立了萑香洼金矿床的地球化学找矿模型。     

青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物含金性及金的赋存状态

本文采用矿相显微镜研究、金溶解性试验、化学分析、背散射电子面扫描、二次电子面扫描、晶体X射线衍射等手段对青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物的含金性及金的赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明，多次叠加蚀变及黄铁绢英岩化毒砂伦金矿石含金较高，金主要以超显微状态存在于毒砂、含砷黄铁矿等金矿硫化物中，存在形式可能为小于10．0nm的非晶格金状态，矿石及矿物中典型元素组合为Au-As-Sb.     

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Pyrite and Arsenopyrite from the Zaozigou Gold Deposit in West Qinling Orogenic Belt,Central China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Zaozigou gold deposit lies in the West Qinling orogenic belt, Gansu Province, China. It is one of the largest gold deposits, and the orebodies are hosted in fine‐grained slates intercalated with limestone of the Middle‐Triassic Gulangdi Formation and varied dykes. The gold orebodies are strictly controlled by the NE‐, NW‐, and SN‐trending tensional and shearing faults with high dipping angle. The mineralogy and geochemistry of pyrite and arsenopyrite are measured by electron microprobe. Pyrite has up to 0.12 wt.% Au, and arsenopyrite contains up to 0.17 wt.% Au. The antithetic correlation between S and As indicates the substitution of As for S in pyrite, and arsenic occurs in anionic As^1? state in the pyrite structure under the reduced conditions. Pyrite has relatively high Co (~364–2248 ppm) but relatively low Ni (~109–497 ppm) contents, with Co/Ni ratios ranging from ~1.63 to 10.50, indicating that the deposit originated from a volcanogenic fluid and remobilized by hydrothermal fluid. Au in arsenopyrite occurs as cationic Au in solid solution, whereas Au in pyrite is in solid solution and metal nanoparticles (Au⁰). The texture characteristics and trace element geochemistry among cores, transition zones, and rims of pyrites demonstrate that there are at least four pulses of fluid participating in the generation of pyrite in the deposit. The calculated formation temperatures of the Zaozigou deposit vary from 148°C to 304°C, with an average temperature of 213°C based on Au contents in pyrite. The Pb isotopic compositions of pyrite samples suggest that the metallogenic materials of the Zaozigou deposit were derived from the mantle and upper crust. All the characteristics above lead us to draw the conclusion that the Zaozigou gold deposit is classified as an epithermal deposit.     

西天山吐拉苏火山盆地金矿成矿系列围岩蚀变地球化学

形成于西天山晚古生代吐拉苏火山盆地的伊尔曼得金矿、阿希金矿和塔吾尔别克金矿等3种不同类型金矿,其围岩蚀变及微量元素具有不同的特征.伊尔曼得等金矿类型的围岩蚀变为硅化、高岭石化、重晶石化和地开石化,As、Sb、Hg、Cu与Au含量呈正相关关系.塔吾尔别克金矿类型围岩蚀变为硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化.蚀变围岩的As值增高,Au和Ag的含量明显增高.阿希金矿类型围岩蚀变主要有绢云母化、冰长石化、碳酸盐化、硅化、伊利石化,蚀变岩石的Se和As含量与Au、Ag含量基本呈正相关关系.