机载GPS无人机数据的应急处理框架试验研究

介绍了快速无人机拼图、机载GPS无人机自由网平差、机载GPS无人机附加参数(相机自检校)的光束法区域网平差、机载GPS无人机辅助数据的联合平差和大重叠度的无人机三维点云和三维数字地表模型(DSM)的制作等5种机载GPS无人机应急处理关键技术,通过试验效率和方法性能分析,提出基于机载GPS无人机数据应急处理框架,可为城市无人机应急体系建设提供参考。     

基于无人机序列影像的应急快速成图技术

小型无人机所拍摄的影像不经过处理或只经过简单拼接处理就可以使用,但存在着变形大、定位精度差、可用信息少等缺点,不能充分发挥无人机的作用。本文将无人机影像和地形图结合在一起,形成一种新的影像图产品——无人机应急影像图,并给出了无人机应急影像图制作的流程和关键技术的实现。     

一种无人机影像实时增量平差镶嵌算法

当前无人机已成为空间信息获取的重要手段,可作为航空摄影测量系统的有益补充。但无人机数据量大、姿态稳定性差、排列不规则等缺点给快速处理带来较大难题。本文利用运动恢复结构SFM方法中的增量平差技术,借助初始POS实现无人机影像的快速实时处理,并利用GPU技术对平差后影像进行实时纠正和虚拟镶嵌展示。试验表明,增量平差和实时纠正镶嵌技术能大大缩短影像处理时间,可满足灾害应急响应时对影像进行实时处理、快速获取现场灾情信息的需求。     

一种历元间差分的多粗差探测方法

针对无人机飞行过程中观测值质量较差、复杂多变的动态环境带来多个粗差,从而严重影响解算结果的精度及可靠性的问题,该文提出了一种基于历元间变化量的多粗差探测新方法。由于无人机RTK的采样率一般较高,前后历元间具有较好的一致性,所以本方法通过历元间差分进行初步探测,之后运用高精度历元间变化量的先验信息进行抗差卡尔曼滤波,并且本文对粗差和周跳进行区别处理,从而保证即使在多周跳多粗差的情况下,依然保证滤波器的稳定性。通过中海达自主研发的后处理软件UAV-PPK,对多组实测数据进行模拟实时RTK及后处理PPK解算。结果显示,该方法通过历元间变化量的约束,可有效地对多粗差进行探测,防止发生跳变,从而为无人机实时RTK及后处理PPK提供连续高精度、高可靠性的位置信息。     

与无人机图像匹配算法相结合的间接平差教学内容改革初探

间接平差法是误差理论与测量平差基础中的经典平差法之一,是课程内容的重要组成部分。针对目前大多数测量平差教材与无人机图像处理结合较少,难以满足我院测绘专业学员培养特点的问题,本文尝试进行将间接平差理论与无人机图像匹配算法相结合的教学内容改革。给出间接平差法的基本原理与无人机图像匹配的主要步骤,指出在图像匹配过程中关键点是利用间接平差法解算变形参数。结合Matlab与无人机图像处理实例,实现间接平差解算图像匹配变形参数过程,给出了具体代码与结果。教学实践表明:与无人机图像匹配算法相结合的间接平差教学内容改革不仅加深了学员对原理的理解,提高了理论联系实际的能力,更有助于学员理解平差原理对无人机数据后处理的意义,有助于激发学员的学习兴趣与动力。     

基于无人机影像区域网平差精度研究

轻型无人机以其机动灵活的特点,能够适应地形复杂、多云地区的飞行任务。但是由于其镜头小,获取的影像具有像幅小、数量多、基线短、重叠度不规则等特点,使其处理方法和传统的航空影像有所不同。本文对轻型无人机影像数据利用常规光束法区域网平差和POS辅助光束法区域网平差分别进行处理,结果表明,常规方法的精度要优于POS方法,最后对如何提高POS方法的精度提出了一些建议。     

消费型无人机在复杂区域三维重建精度验证

针对消费型无人机在复杂区域三维(3D)重建精度难以保证问题，本文借助消费型无人机飞马D2000完成复杂地形的实景三维数据生成。首先，通过参数畸变与格网畸变结合的方式对多视影像数据进行畸变处理，消除多视影像畸变误差；然后，利用带有相对姿态参数的多视影像光束法区域网平差的数学模型进行平差处理，避免平差解算参数过多导致解算参数不稳定问题；最后，通过工程实例验证本文方法可行性，为相关工程提供参考。     

基于Pix4Dmapper的无人机低空摄影测量数据处理

随着科技发展,无人机的使用就像汽车一样应用于各个领域,成熟的航空摄影测量理论为无人机在测量方面的使用提供了坚实的基础,而后处理成像软件通过提供三维模型来实现数据的精确可视化,更进一步提高了无人机的有效性。本文利用航空摄影测量的中心投影原理,提出基于Pix4Dmapper的无人机低空摄影测量数据处理流程,对经过空中三角测量和相机校准的航摄像片经过光束法区域网平差、空三加密、点云编辑、滤波处理,生成高精度的Google瓦片、正射影像图(DOM)、三维点云模型、数字表面模型(DSM)、数字高程模型(DEM)、数字地面模型(DTM),经过多次应用表明:处理成果能够满足应用需求,极大促进了摄影测量技术的发展。     

图论算法的无人机影像匹配特征点粗差剔除

无人机影像匹配过程中，粗差是不可避免的，因此，获取稳健性较高的特征点进行无人机影像匹配至关重要。传统的方法是采用经典的RANSAC算法进行粗差剔除，该算法受抽样次数、误差阈值的影响，还会残存部分误匹配的特征点。利用图论原理，对SIFT算法提取的特征点进行预处理，通过构建特征点的能量函数剔除能量较低的特征点，可以提高匹配特征点的稳健性，减少特征点的粗差。本文提出了一种新的方法，将图论算法与经典的RANSAC算法相结合进行粗差剔除。该方法命名为GSIFT-RANSAC算法，利用该算法可以提高特征点的稳健性，获取高精度的单应矩阵。采用两组无人机影像进行验证，本文提出的算法与单独利用图论剔除特征点的算法相比，粗差剔除率分别提高了5.31%和14.29%，说明该方法效果较好。     

一种无人机影像空三加密点抽稀算法

在无人机空三加密中,特征点匹配多采用基于计算机视觉的匹配算法进行处理,对稀少的空中三角测量控制点进行控制点位的补充。由于无人机影像分辨率高,细节丰富,使得匹配特征点数量庞大,给后续的区域网平差带来困难。本文提供的空三加密点抽稀算法,可大幅降低加密点的数量,优先保留优质点位,并保证被保留点位均匀分布。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。