Factors affecting the association of fatty acids with mineral particles in sea water

Certain factors influencing the incorporation, transport and release of fatty acids by clay minerals, calcite and marine sediments have been investigated.Salinity was found to be an important factor. The adsorption of heptadecanoic acid by bentonite clay at 4%. was nearly triple that at 0%.. However, from 4%. to 35%., only a minor adsorption increase occurred. This behavior is believed to be related to flocculation of the clay at the lower salinity range. The pH over the range of 6.0–8.5 has a small influence on fatty acid-clay association, depressing it somewhat as the basicity increases.When the temperature of the fatty acid solution was increased from 0°C to 50°C, a decrease in adsorption on to clay was found. This effect may be due to increased water solubility of the acid at higher temperatures, since solubility is very important in controlling the degree of fatty acid-mineral interaction. Furthermore, apparent solubilization of fatty acids by indigenous dissolved organic matter in sea water reduces adsorption on to clay minerals.Based upon the heat of adsorption of ?14.6 kcal/mole, fatty acids are physically bound to clay minerals by weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.Bentonite and kaolinite were found to be the most adsorptive minerals investigated, followed in order by illite, montmorillonite and calcite. Sediments from Narragansett Bay were found to lie between illite and montmorillonite in adsorptive capacity after indigenous sediment organic matter had been removed. Sediment organic matter reduced fatty acid uptake by a factor of 1.6.     

烃源岩催化酯生烃动力学研究——以东营凹陷沙河街组三、四段烃源岩为例

烃源岩生烃动力学广泛应用于含油气盆地烃源岩评价与勘探中。为模拟低成熟烃源岩的实际沉积环境,实验选取了抽提有机质后的东营凹陷下第三系沙河街组三、四段烃源岩为矿物催化剂,以十八烷酸甲酯为模型化合物,在高压下做矿物低温催化脂肪酸酯脱羧生烃动力学实验。求取了化学反应的动力学参数,并分析了烃源岩层段的pH值与Eh值。结果表明,矿物对脂肪酸酯的脱羧生烃具有明显的催化作用,用连串反应模型处理脂肪酸酯的水解反应基本上为一级反应,而生烃反应则基本上为零级反应。认为对于同一类型的烃源岩,其所处的氧化还原环境对有机质的生烃有较大的影响;而对于不同的烃源岩,矿物的组成则起着非常重要的作用。     

Dissolution experiment and transformation condition analysis of Paleogene aragonite in the Jiyang Depression,China

In general, aragonite exists as a metastable carbonate mineral under near-surface conditions, and is commonly transformed into calcite under the subsurface and during diagenesis. It is thus seldom found in sedimentary rocks, but aragonite is common in the Paleogene lacustrine shales in the Jiyang Depression in eastern China. Dissolution experiments were conducted on the Paleogene aragonite-enriched and calcite-enriched shales at different temperatures, pressures and acetic acid concentrations, and in different types of solution. The results show that aragonite is insoluble in the in situ formation water but dissolved more readily under acetic acid conditions than calcite with the degree of dissolution increasing with increasing temperature, pressure and acetic acid concentrations. During the shallow burial diagenesis of the Paleogene sediment sequence in the Jiyang Depression, aragonite was relatively stable and was not dissolved by the connate pore water in the shales. Increasing burial (temperature) and maturity of the organic matter produced large amounts of organic acids that accelerated the dissolution of aragonite. In the late stage, as the organic matter became over-matured, the pore water changed from acidic to alkaline, and calcite precipitated from the carbonate-rich solution. Therefore, the conditions provided by organic acids enabled the conversion of aragonite to calcite during sedimentary diagenesis in the Paleogene lacustrine shales in the Jiyang Depression. This transformation corresponded to the thermal evolution of the organic matter within the shale sequence.     

The role of minerals in the thermal alteration of organic matter--III. Generation of bitumen in laboratory experiments

A series of pyrolysis experiments, utilizing two different immature kerogens (from the Monterey and Green River Formations) mixed with common sedimentary minerals (calcite, illite, or Na-montmorillonite), was conducted to study the impact of the mineral matrix on the bitumen that was generated. Calcite has no significant influence on the thermal evolution of bitumen and also shows virtually no adsorption capacity for any of the pyrolysate. In contrast, montmorillonite and illite, to a lesser extent, alter bitumen during dry pyrolysis. Montmorillonite and illite also display strong adsorption capacities for the polar constituents of bitumen. By this process, hydrocarbons are substantially concentrated within the pyrolysate that is not strongly adsorbed on the clay matrices. The effects of the clay minerals are significantly reduced during hydrous pyrolysis. The strong adsorption capacities of montmorillonite and illite, as well as their thermocatalytic properties, may in part explain why light oils and gases are generated from certain argillaceous source-rock assemblages, whereas heavy immature oils are often derived from carbonate source rocks.     

吐鲁番坳陷二叠系烃源岩地球化学与沉积环境的关系

二叠系烃源岩是中国西部吐鲁番坳陷重要的潜在生烃层系。以地表剖面暗色泥岩的分析资料为主，结合部分井下烃源岩样品分析数据，详细探讨了泥岩的微量元素地球化学特征，利用不同岩类烃源岩有机碳含量、有机质类型及饱和烃气相色谱等特征对烃源岩的沉积环境进行了分析。研究认为，吐鲁番坳陷二叠系烃源岩层系沉积时水体的环境为弱还原相—还原相沉积环境。烃源岩有机质中陆源生物占优势，低等水生生物也有大量的分布。油气为还原环境沉积有机质的转化产物，坳陷具有良好的成烃潜力。还原程度强、具一定深度水体的的沉积相带是原始有机质沉积的良好场所，沉积有机质能及时沉积、保存下来，因此，烃源岩大多有机质丰度高；反之，则明显变差。     

从生物脂类化合物到沉积有机质的变化及其对正演烃源岩有机质形成的启示

现代海洋生物有机组分的动态变化过程是利用正演法评价海相优质烃源岩的重要中间环节, 可以为估算沉积过程中有机质的损耗提供参考.从化学组成来看, 生物体的脂类与原油成分最为接近, 而且与其他生化组分相比, 脂类的化学性质相对稳定, 可以长期保存在地层中, 因此脂类是最重要的生油母质.温度、盐度、CO2等环境条件以及生物的种类和生长阶段对生物脂类组成有重要影响, 不同环境条件和不同种类的生物对烃源岩有机质的贡献也不同.海水中的有机质在沉积过程中受原始生产力和氧化还原条件的影响.在特定生境中, 在一定的生产力范围内, 沉积有机质的通量与生产力有正相关关系.超过此范围, 沉积有机质通量与生产力关系不大.氧化条件下有机质降解速度快, 而还原条件则有利于沉积有机质的保存.生物膜的形成不仅使有机质更容易沉积, 而且降低了有机质被降解的机会.地质历史时期生物膜的识别对研究烃源岩有机质的保存具有重要意义.      

潜江凹陷潜江组盐间细粒岩沉积特征及其对页岩含油性的控制

江汉盆地是我国典型的内陆盐湖盆地,位于其中部的潜江凹陷发育盐间细粒沉积,近期油气勘探取得突破。为研究其沉积特征及其对页岩含油性的控制,本文基于岩心和多种测试方法将盐间细粒沉积划分出8种岩相,分别是含灰泥质云岩、云质混合细粒岩、泥质混合细粒岩、灰质混合细粒岩、灰质泥岩/泥岩、云质泥岩、硫酸盐质混合细粒岩和云质/泥质钙芒硝岩。岩相组合有A和B两种:A类岩相组合为含灰泥质云岩、云质混合细粒岩和泥质混合细粒岩,夹少量灰质混合细粒岩、云质泥岩、硫酸盐质混合细粒岩和云质/泥质钙芒硝岩;B类岩相组合为云质泥岩、硫酸盐质混合细粒岩、云质/泥质钙芒硝岩,夹少量灰质泥岩/泥岩和泥质混合细粒岩。A类岩相组合富集碳酸盐质矿物且有机质含量高,岩心上表现为灰黑色泥质岩(泥质混合细粒岩和灰质混合细粒岩)与黄褐色云质岩(含灰泥质云岩和云质混合细粒岩)频繁更替,其中夹有白色硫酸盐质岩,呈透镜体状或层状产出,说明当时环境的盐度较低,镜下纹层大部分呈较为连续的微波状或水平状。其沉积特征反映了A类岩相组合的形成环境为还原性较好、盐度较低的深水区。B类岩相组合硫酸盐矿物含量和有机质含量较低,岩心上表现为白色高硫酸盐质岩夹有黑色泥质层或黄褐色云质层,镜下观察为呈菱形片状钙芒硝,常见穿插双晶,可见明显的粒序变化,云质含量高的薄片镜下为无纹层特征。其沉积特征反映了B类岩相组合形成环境为还原性较弱、盐度较高的较浅水域。本研究将V/(V+Ni)、(S₁+S₂)/TOC、Sr/Ba和Ga/C₃₁H指数等地化参数与岩相特征相结合,进一步佐证了上述观点,并且补充说明了A类岩相组合形成于气候湿润的环境,而B类岩相组合形成环境较为干旱,且将盐间沉积划分为B、A、B三个阶段,对其进行了沉积模式的研究。结果表明:第一、三阶段气候干旱且水深较浅,湖水析出大量盐类,主要发育B类岩相组合,且硫酸盐矿物的增加使硫酸盐还原菌氧化有机质,不利于有机质富集;第二阶段降雨增加,大量淡水注入致使水体淡化且深度变深,这时水体分层性较好,还原性较强,发育A类岩相组合,有机质的保存条件好。由此可见,矿物组分上为灰泥质或云质含量高且岩心具有水平层理、镜下纹层特征明显的岩相,以及湿润气候下的还原性较强、盐度适宜且水体分层性好的深水环境等沉积特征,有助于形成含油性较好的页岩。因此,低TOC含量的B类岩相组合不是油气富集的主要岩相,富集的硫酸盐矿物会稀释有机质浓度,岩相所处的高盐度环境也会减缓微生物活动;而高TOC含量的A类岩相组合为油气富集的主要岩相,频繁的降雨稀释水体盐度,为可以产生有机质的浮游微生物创造了良好的环境,且所含云质纹层矿物间孔隙发育,有利于烃类的存储,所以成为该区内的优质烃源岩,是油气勘探开发的有利岩相。     

基于热模拟实验的富有机质泥页岩成岩作用及演化特征

富有机质泥页岩蕴含丰富的油气资源,但成岩研究基础薄弱,已成为制约页岩油气勘探开发进程的重要因素。通过开展成岩热模拟实验,结合扫描电镜观察、流体成分测试及有机酸测试等实验测试手段,全面描述实验过程中所发生的水-岩化学反应,试图揭示泥页岩成岩过程及成岩演化规律。研究结果显示,有机质热演化过程中存在一个较宽的有机酸生成窗口,对孔隙流体性质具有重要影响;长石和方解石存在接力溶蚀现象,长石溶蚀高峰过后紧接着出现方解石溶蚀高峰,但方解石溶蚀窗较窄,此后出现方解石重新沉淀结晶;黏土矿物转化及长石的溶蚀过程中会产生大量自生微晶石英,成链状或簇状胶结泥页岩骨架。泥页岩地层作为一个相对封闭体系,各类成岩作用之间相互关联,相互影响,构成错综复杂的成岩体系,进一步增加其成岩作用研究难度。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长期湖盆充填类型与优质烃源岩的发育

湖盆充填类型是盆地构造及古气候的综合反映,对优质烃源岩的发育有重要控制作用。在综合分析延长组优质烃源岩沉积环境的基础上,认为长91、长73、长72—长71烃源岩发育期湖盆都表现为平衡充填类型,但有机质丰度及规模有较大差别,因此进一步细分长91期为平衡充填三角洲前缘-深湖相组合沉积体系,长73期为平衡充填深湖相沉积体系,长72—长71期为平衡充填浊流-深湖相组合沉积体系,并指出长73期湖盆充填类型发育最优质烃源岩,进而重点探讨了其形成环境。本文认为盆地沉降过程与古气候变化主要控制优质烃源岩的沉积和保存条件,而湖盆原始生产力则与火山灰沉积和深部流体关系密切。综合长73期盆山耦合关系、湖盆充填类型、沉积岩相组合等,指出强水动力体系(浊流沉积、三角洲)对有机质起稀释作用,重点强调了火山灰沉积和深部流体带来的营养物质有利于提高湖盆原始生产力,进而初步揭示了长73优质烃源岩的发育模式。这一认识为进一步研究陆相坳陷湖盆优质烃源岩的充填类型及发育规律提供了可借鉴的研究实例。     

蒙脱石对赖氨酸和壳聚糖的吸附实验研究

粘土矿物对有机质的吸附是自然界重要的过程之一。科学界对于有机质与粘土矿物的相互作用过程和机制研究仍处 于一个比较薄弱的阶段。该文采用天然有机质赖氨酸（左旋） 和壳聚糖与蒙脱石进行室内合成模拟实验,通过X射线衍 射、化学分析和红外光谱分析的手段对反应产物进行系统研究。结果表明,蒙脱石对赖氨酸和壳聚糖的吸附均存在两种机 制：阳离子交换和有机分子间的相互吸引。赖氨酸在蒙脱石层间的排布有三种构型,随着赖氨酸浓度的增加分别以倾斜 式、垂直呈“之”字形排列,最后形成第二排并可能生成简单肽;氨基酸的净电荷是影响吸附过程的重要因素,主要与pH 值相关。壳聚糖能在蒙脱石层间形成分层结构,溶液的pH值和无机盐的存在都会影响吸附过程。壳聚糖-蒙脱石复合体在 常温常压下水溶液中能稳定存在,而相同条件下赖氨酸易从蒙脱石层间释放,这主要是由有机质本身的性质以及有机质和 蒙脱石的结合方式决定的。     

黔西南卡林型金矿床与古油藏的成因联系:有机岩相学证据

黔西南卡林型金矿床中存在两种类型的有机质,一种为具较低反射率的原地藻类体,散布于金矿石和沉积围岩中,多呈层纹状或条带状平行于层理面产出;另一种为热解沥青/焦沥青,多呈微细粒状产于蚀变及矿化岩石中,尤其是高品位矿石中,与主阶段似碧玉状石英、含砷黄铁矿、毒砂紧密共生或伴生,或呈分散的粒状被主阶段和晚阶段的石英、方解石、雄黄等热液矿物包裹。沥青以含较高的与成矿密切相关的微量元素As(4.90%～7.88%)和S(大多为7.48%～15.24%)区别于原地有机质(不含As,S含量2.72%～7.18%)。金矿石热液矿物中常见气相CH4、气液两相CH4-H2O等烃类流体包裹体。古油藏沥青多见于二叠系生物礁碳酸盐岩的溶洞、孔隙、裂缝等开放空间中,或单独产出,或与热液方解石伴生,沥青多呈镶嵌结构,显示出高热演化程度的特点。岩相学证据显示,金矿床成矿流体是一种富含金属和碳氢化合物的油水不混溶的盆地流体,金与烃类有机质一起活化、迁移,并通过不同的沉淀和捕获机制成矿、成藏。     

四川广元上寺剖面上二叠统大隆组有机质分布特征与富集因素

四川盆地上二叠统大隆组富有机质硅质泥岩是页岩气勘探的一套重要目的层系.利用扫描电子显微镜和元素地球化学等方法探究大隆组有机质类型、分布特征及富集因素,对该地区非常规油气勘探具有指导意义.根据扫描电镜图片,上寺剖面大隆组有机质按形态可分为形态有机质、弥散有机质和沥青.三者成因不同,形态有机质是选择性保存的结果,以离散状分布在所有岩性样品中;弥散有机质是大隆组有机碳总量(total organic carbon,TOC)的主体,主要分布在硅质泥岩样品中,硅质灰岩样品中极少,体现了粘土矿物的吸附作用;沥青是可溶有机质运移进入孔、缝系统,经高热演化后形成的块状有机质,主要分布于硅质灰岩和灰岩样品中.该剖面地球化学数据显示缺氧沉积环境有利于有机质保存,但海洋表层生产力才是控制TOC含量变化的主要因素.研究表明,晚二叠世海平面上升导致上寺剖面大隆组表层生产力增加及底层海水缺氧,该组富有机质黑色硅质泥岩段高TOC是沉积环境与矿物吸附共同作用的结果,同时也反映了原生有机质保存情况.更好的理解泥质烃源岩中有机质赋存类型有助于烃源岩评价及非常规油气勘探开发工作.      

基于细粒岩石类型对玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩分类评价

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油勘探取得巨大突破,但是按照普遍认可的页岩油烃源岩评价标准,本区的烃源岩品质并不理想。为了科学评价玛湖凹陷烃源岩品质特征,本文在系统的岩心观察和有机地球化学分析的基础上,揭示烃源岩的形成环境,并按照矿物组成对烃源岩分类评价。玛湖凹陷风城组细粒岩主要沉积于正常半深湖、咸化半深湖、半咸化半深湖、含热液半深湖和滨浅湖环境中,各环境中细粒岩的有机质特征存在一定区别,其中半咸化半深湖有机质较为富集,w (TOC)均值在1%左右。进一步结合有机质类型判别图解,表明咸化半深湖和含热液半深湖有机质来源以湖泊生物为主,而其他环境中存在湖泊和陆源混合有机质来源。基于有机质生烃潜力评价和成熟度（Vre=0.74%）估算,表明目前风城组烃源岩中有机质正处于大量排烃的成熟阶段,且确定了细粒岩中的烃类为原生烃。由于不同矿物组成的烃源岩吸附能力的差异,按照陆相泥质烃源岩和碳酸盐质烃源岩开展分类评价,结果表明风城组沉积了累计厚度近250 m的的有效烃源岩,且富含以藻类体为主的有机质。     

基于近红外光谱技术的烃类与粘土矿物识别及其地质意义

沉积岩中自生粘土矿物受成岩过程中物化条件控制,是成岩系统物化条件的指示。近红外反射光谱技术对粘土矿物反应灵敏,在金属矿产勘探中已经得到了日益广泛的应用。首次对油气勘探地质井的试验工作,验证了近红外光谱数据不仅可以第一时间从岩石样品中直接提取微量烃信息,还能解译详细的粘土矿物组合及其变化,从而获取对油气勘探有价值的成岩温度和热成熟度信息。对鄂尔多斯富县地区试验样品的数据分析表明,生油和储油层中的粘土矿物组合(包括铵伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石)变化直接反映了成岩和构造演化物化条件的变化,对于全面理解盆地的环境条件并且判断油气生成的有利区位具有实际应用意义。     

Diagenetic evolution of the volcaniclastic deposits: an example from Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics in Wadi Queih basin,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

Wadi Queih basin hosts a ～2,500-m thick Neoproterozoic volcanoclastic successions that unconformably lie over the oldest Precambrian basement. These successions were deposited in alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, and aeolian depositional environments. Diagenetic minerals from these volcaniclastic successions were studied by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. The diagenetic processes recognized include mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-filling clay cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement and feldspar grains. In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite with minor smectite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. Chlorite coating grains helps to retain primary porosity by retarding the envelopment of quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals and their diagenetic assemblages has been distinguished between primary volcaniclastics directly produced by pyroclastic eruptions and epiclastic volcaniclastics derived from erosion of the pre-existing volcanic rocks. Phyllosilicates of the epiclastic rocks display wider compositional variations owing to wide variations in the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the parent material. Most of the phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, mica, and smectite) are inherited minerals derived from the erosion of the volcanic basement complex, which had undergone hydrothermal alteration. Smectites of the epiclastic rocks are beidellite–montmorillonite derived from the altered volcanic materials of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, phyllosilicate minerals of the pyroclastic rocks are dominated by kaolinite, illite, and mica, which were formed by pedogenetic processes through the hydrothermal influence.     

银额盆地哈日凹陷银根组优质烃源岩地球化学特征及其形成环境

对于低勘探程度盆地,寻找优质烃源岩对于勘探方向的选择具有重要意义。本文基于大量测试分析资料,以哈日凹陷为研究对象,对银额盆地银根组优质烃源岩的岩石学和地球化学特征进行了研究,并对该烃源岩中有机质来源及其形成环境进行了分析。研究表明,优质烃源岩岩性为泥晶白云岩和白云质泥岩。烃源岩w(TOC)平均5.62%,有机质丰度极高;有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型,属腐泥型,或腐殖腐泥型有机质;烃源岩成熟度较低,但底部已经达到成熟热演化阶段,具有较高的生烃潜力。优质烃源岩的有机质来自高等植物和水生生物的混合源。优质烃源岩Pr/Ph值为0.19~0.27,代表强还原性的沉积环境;伽马蜡烷指数为0.30~0.54,高伽马蜡烷含量表明高盐度的沉积环境。藻类勃发形成的高生产力和缺氧环境是银根组优质烃源岩形成的2个关键条件。     

Adams和Couch法古盐度恢复结果的可靠性检验——以青海湖布哈河口区沉积物为例

Adams公式和Couch公式是利用沉积物中硼元素浓度对沉积水体古盐度进行定量恢复的常用方法,但由于两种方法的恢复结果经常存在较大差异,古盐度的计算结果常难以让人信服。为了验证Adams公式和Couch公式的可靠性,本次研究采集了青海湖布哈河口区不同沉积环境的表层沉积物和底层水体样品,处理后分别分析了沉积物中硼元素浓度、总有机碳（TOC）含量及矿物组成,同时对水体盐度及其硼浓度进行了测量,结果表明:湖泊水体中硼浓度与盐度存在极好的线性正相关性,但沉积物中硼元素的浓度与沉积水体中硼的浓度并无直接联系。根据沉积物中硼的浓度及黏土矿物含量和组成,分别采用Adams公式和Couch公式对水体盐度进行计算,盐度计算值均远高于水体盐度实测值,其中Adams公式的计算结果与实测值差别最大,盐度计算值与沉积物中硼含量呈正相关关系。沉积物中的硼元素主要由继承自母岩的硼、黏土矿物吸附硼和有机质中富集的硼三部分组成,只有黏土矿物中的吸附硼能够反映水体盐度。青海湖布哈河口区沉积物富含有机质,有机质对硼强烈的富集作用是导致Adams公式和Couch公式盐度恢复结果失效的重要原因,同时不同类型黏土矿物对硼吸附能力的差异也对恢复结果有重要影响:黏土矿物在盐水中的浸泡试验表明蒙脱石对硼的吸附能力最强,次为伊利石,高岭石吸附能力最差,推翻了Couch关于伊利石对硼吸附能力最强的认识。原Adams公式和Couch公式仅没有考虑有机质对硼的影响,对不同类型黏土矿物吸附能力的认识有误,不适合陆相沉积物沉积水体古盐度的恢复。沉积物黏土矿物中吸附硼浓度仍是反映沉积水体盐度的可靠指标,古盐度的恢复首先必须消除沉积物中有机质对硼的影响,然后根据一系列的浸泡试验确定不同类型黏土矿物对硼的吸附系数,并建立新的计算公式。     

试论有机质在华南花岗岩风化壳REE溶出、迁移和富集中的作用

通过实验研究，论证了花岗岩风化壳中存在有机质，含有丰富的一元脂肪酸和二元脂肪酸，腐殖酸及多糖化合物。ＲＥＥ能以ＲＥ（Ｈ２Ｏ）配位离子从原岩溶出，一些有机介质和无机介质有助于ＲＥＥ从原岩溶出、迁移，其中以脂肪酸溶出量最高。溶出过程配位反应与水解反应同时出现，溶出和在风化壳中保留同时进行，反应受ｐＨ控制。风化壳中ＲＥＥ存在有机结合形态，可能与长链酸或腐殖酸关系比较密切。活性态ＲＥＥ除了与粘土矿物关系密切外，可能与多羟基化合物或多糖有关。     

三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征

三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组分布面积广、厚度大、有机碳含量高,具好的生烃潜力,是盆地内主力烃源岩。烃源岩样品可溶有机质中含有丰富的脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯等含羰基化合物,随着埋深增加,饱和烃和芳烃含量递增,非烃含量和有机碳则呈递减趋势,表明含羰基化合物对源岩生烃有较大的贡献。饱和烃的各项指标显示,烃源岩的沉积环境为咸化湖相还原环境,母质输入以水生生物为主,陆源物质输入较少。诸多证据表明,在沉积初期和成岩早期细菌输入较多,细菌输入有机质构成了原始有机质的一部分,细菌改造原始有机质并产生前述含羰基化合物,在热作用和微生物作用下均可成烃。     

Chemical variation from biolipids to sedimentary organic matter in modern oceans and its implication to the geobiological evaluation of ancient hydrocarbon source rocks

Understanding the dynamics of organic matter in modern marine water columns greatly favors the geobiological evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Biolipids could make great contribution to petroleum hydrocarbons due to their comparable chemical components and the slightly refractory characteristics of biolipids during the microbial/thermal degradation. A variety of environmental factors such as temperature, CO₂ and salinity could affect the biochemical contents in microorganisms. As a result, microorganisms living in a changing environmental condition might have a different contribution to the petroleum formation. Organic carbon flux is shown to bear a positive correlation with the primary productivity only within a certain range of biomass volumes in a specific biohabitat. Furthermore, organic matter is degraded much quickly in a water column with oxic conditions. Therefore, the anoxic condition, along with the enhanced biological productivity, would be one of the significant factors in the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks. The formation of biofilms and microbial mats favors the preservation of sedimentary organic matter by decreasing the degradation rate of organic matter. Identification of biofilms and microbial mats in sedimentary rocks will thus greatly help to understand the depositional processes of organic matter finally preserved in hydrocarbon source rocks. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 748–754 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报