Geochronological and geochemical evidence for a Late Ordovician to Silurian arc-back-arc system in the northern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

The early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt is dominated by two oceanic basins on the northwestern and southeastern sides of the Xing'an Block,i.e.,the Xinlin-Xiguitu Ocean and the Nenjiang Ocean.However,the early development of the Nenjiang Ocean remains unclear.Here,we present zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data on the gabbros in the Xinglong area together with andesitic tuffs and basalts in the Duobaoshan area.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of gabbros and andesitic tuffs yielded crystallization ages of 443-436 Ma and 452-451 Ma,respectively.The Early Silurian Xinglong gabbros show calc-alkaline and E-MORB affinities but they are enriched in LILEs,and depleted in HFSEs,with relatively low U/Th ratios of 0.18-0.36 andεNd(t)values of-1.6 to+0.5.These geochemical features suggest that the gabbros might originate from a mantle wedge modified by pelagic sediment-derived melts,consistent with a back-arc basin setting.By contrast,the andesitic tuffs are characterized by high MgO(>5 wt.%),Cr(138-200 ppm),and Ni(65-110 ppm)contents,and can be termed as high-Mg andesites.Their low Sr/Y ratios of 15.98-17.15 and U/Th values of 0.24-0.25 and moderate(La/Sm)_n values of 3.07-3.26 are similar to those from the Setouchi Volcanic Belt(SW Japan),and are thought to be derived from partial melting of subducted sediments,and subsequent melt-mantle interaction.The Duobaoshan basalts have high Nb(8.44-10.30 ppm)and TiO2 contents(1.17-1.60 wt.%),typical of Nb-enriched basalts.They are slightly younger than regional adakitic rocks and have positiveεNd(t)values of+5.2 to+5.7 and are interpreted to be generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle source metasomatized by earlier adakitic melts.Synthesized with coeval arc-related igneous rocks from the southeastern Xing'an Block,we propose that the Duobaoshan high-Mg andesitic tuffs and Nbenriched basalts are parts of the Late Ordovician and Silurian Sonid Zuoqi-Duobaoshan arc belt,and they were formed by the northwestern subduction of the Nenjiang Ocean.Such a subduction beneath the integrated Xing'an-Erguna Block also gave rise to the East Ujimqin-Xinglong igneous belt in a continental back-arc basin setting.Our new data support an early Paleozoic arc-back-arc model in the northern Great Xing'an Range.     

Magmatism and metallogeny of the Ridanj-Krepoljin belt (eastern Serbia) and their correlation with northern and eastern analogues

In the southwestern Carpathians of SW Romania and E Serbia calc-alkaline Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene subduction related magmatic rocks occur in two main zones. The Ridanj-Krepoljin belt (E Serbia) represents the southern part of the western zone. In this belt Early Maastrichtian dacites and subordinate andesites occur, but there are indications of an unexposed granodioritic (?) magmatism about 60 Ma old. Pb-Zn-Ag and only subordinate Cu mineralization is associated with this igneous activity. The Timok magmatic complex (E Serbia) composed of Upper Cretaceous (-Paleocene?) andesites and analogue intrusives represents the eastern zone south of the Danube. Associated with this magmatism are Cu (+Au) and very subordinate Zn (±Pb) mineralization. To the north (SW Romania) in both zones mainly intrusive bodies (diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, monzonites) of Campanian-Paleocene age are exposed. Porphyry copper (+Mo) and in north Pb-Zn (±Cu) mineralization are related to those intrusives. The petrological and geochemical features of all these calc-alkaline rocks are very similar. It appears, however, that the associated polymetallic and the copper mineralization are both spatially and vertically separated.     

Extensional collapse of the Gondwana orogen: Evidence from Cambrian mafic magmatism in the Trivandrum Block,southern India

The assembly of Late Neoproterozoice Cambrian supercontinent Gondwana involved prolonged subduction and accretion generating arc magmatic and accretionary complexes, culminating in collision and formation of high grade metamorphic orogens. Here we report evidence for mafic magmatism associated with post-collisional extension from a suite of gabbroic rocks in the Trivandrum Block of southern Indian Gondwana fragment. Our petrological and geochemical data on these gabbroic suite show that they are analogous to high Fe tholeiitic basalts with evolution of the parental melts dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization. They display enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion of HFSE with negative anomalies at Zre Hf and Ti corresponding to subduction zone magmatic regime. The tectonic affinity of the gabbros coupled with their geochemical features endorse a heterogeneous mantle source with collective melt contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle upwelling through slab break-off and arc-related metasomatized mantle wedge, with magma emplacement in subduction to post-collisional intraplate settings. The high Nb contents and positive Nbe Ta anomalies of the rocks are attributed to inflow of asthenospheric melts containing ancient recycled subducted slab components and/or fusion of subducted slab materials owing to upwelling of hot asthenosphere. Zircon grains from the gabbros show magmatic crystallization texture with low U and Pb content. The LA-ICPMS analyses show ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean ages in the range of 507-494 Ma suggesting Cambrian mafic magmatism. The post-collisional mafic magmatism identified in our study provides new insights into mantle dynamics during the waning stage of the birth of a supercontinent.     

柴北缘宗务隆构造带印支期花岗闪长岩地质特征及其构造意义

为了研究柴北缘宗务隆构造带印支期构造演化特征,选取宗务隆构造带内具代表性的晒勒克郭来花岗闪长岩和察汗诺花岗闪长岩进行了岩石学、年代学与地球化学研究。锆石SHRIMP U Pb年代学结果显示,晒勒克郭来花岗闪长岩与察汗诺花岗闪长岩分别形成于(249.2±2.6) Ma、(242.7±1.9) Ma和(243.5±2.4) Ma,为早三叠世,也更加证实柴北缘印支期构造岩浆活动的存在。两岩体均相对富SiO2、Na2O和Al2O3,A/CNK分别为1.02～1.06和1.01～1.05,里特曼指数分别为1.54～1.73和1.07～1.61,属于弱过铝质中钾高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩; K/Rb值平均分别为234和279,分异指数分别为72.95～76.06和64.49～76.42,两岩体原始岩浆结晶分异不充分;LREE/HREE分别为6.83～9.70和3.29～7.40,弱的Eu负异常或正异常;在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,两岩体明显富集Rb、U、La、Pb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素;察汗诺花岗闪长岩中发育中基性暗色包体,包体和寄主岩中见斜长石、角闪石等矿物结构和成分不平衡现象,说明其为岩浆混合成因。综上所述,两岩体应为印支期柴北缘活动大陆边缘俯冲碰撞作用导致幔源岩浆底侵与下地壳部分重融形成的壳幔混合岩浆形成的产物。对比柴北缘宗务隆构造带与柴东鄂拉山构造带内岩浆岩地质特征认为,宗务隆构造带的形成可能与西秦岭沿共和坳拉谷强烈斜向碰撞柴达木地块有关。     

The Early Paleozoic Active Margin of the Khangai Segment of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean

Within the northern fringe of the western (Khangai) flank of the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt, magmatic complexes of intermediate to moderately acidic rocks occur. They comprise widely distributed gabbro–diorites, diorites, tonalites, and granodiorites. Geochronological studies have demonstrated that these rocks were formed in the time span of 437 to 375 Ma. The geochemical affinities of the rocks suggest their formation in subduction tectonic settings; hence, their paleotectonic position corresponds to the continental margin of the Mongol–Okhotsk paleoocean. It has been concluded that this Middle Paleozoic igneous activity occurred in the active continental margin settings, formed by subduction of the paleooceanic plate under the Siberian continent.     

青海岗察岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

青海岗察岩体位于西秦岭造山带的西段,由闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斑状花岗闪长岩体组成,各岩体虽然地质特征和岩性有所差异,但成因和形成的时间基本一致,是不同时期同一成因的产物,由早向晚由中性向酸性演化,属"I"型花岗岩系列。尽管前人对其中个别阶段岩体进行过年龄测定,但没有对多期岩体进行过系统的年代学精测。本文在运用阴极发光技术对岩体中锆石进行细致的内部结构分析的基础上,利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb原位定年方法,系统测定了岩体中单颗粒锆石的206Pb/238U年龄,结果显示岩体经历了243.8~242Ma、238~234Ma、215Ma三个侵入阶段,是同源、不同期次岩浆脉动形成的产物。岗察岩体周边的铜、金、钨、钼、铁矿床成矿与岩体关系密切,成矿流体、成矿物质主要来源于岩浆,成矿作用与岩体的形成时间一致,形成统一的成岩成矿地质事件,与区域西秦岭-东昆仑三叠纪构造岩浆作用和成矿时代一致,构成西秦岭北缘斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-钼-金成矿系统的一部分。通过构造环境分析,得出岗察岩体产于后碰撞(晚碰撞)构造环境,由挤压向伸展转换的地球动力学背景,为西秦岭造山带与祁连造山带的碰撞拼合提供了依据。     

Contributions of basaltic underplating to crustal growth in island arc and extensional tectonic settings in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt,NW China

A mafic–ultramafic intrusive belt comprising Silurian arc gabbroic rocks and Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions was recently identified in the western part of the East Tianshan, NW China. This paper discusses the petrogenesis of the mafic–ultramafic rocks in this belt and intends to understand Phanerozoic crust growth through basaltic magmatism occurring in an island arc and intraplate extensional tectonic setting in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt (CTOB). The Silurian gabbroic rocks comprise troctolite, olivine gabbro, and leucogabbro enclosed by Early Permian diorites. SHRIMP II U-Pb zircon dating yields a 427 ± 7.3 Ma age for the Silurian gabbroic rocks and a 280.9 ± 3.1 Ma age for the surrounding diorite. These gabbroic rocks are direct products of mantle basaltic magmas generated by flux melting of the hydrous mantle wedge over subduction zone during Silurian subduction in the CTOB. The arc signature of the basaltic magmas receives support from incompatible trace elements in olivine gabbro and leucogabbro, which display enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and prominent depletion in Nb and Ta with higher U/Th and lower Ce/Pb and Nb/Ta ratios than MORBs and OIBs. The hydrous nature of the arc magmas are corroborated by the Silurian gabbroic rocks with a cumulate texture comprising hornblende cumulates and extremely calcic plagioclase (An up to 99 mol%). Troctolite is a hybrid rock, and its formation is related to the reaction of the hydrous basaltic magmas with a former arc olivine-diallage matrix which suggests multiple arc basaltic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic. The Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in this belt comprise ultramafic rocks and evolved hornblende gabbro resulting from differentiation of a basaltic magma underplated in an intraplate extensional tectonic setting, and this model would apply to coeval mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the CTOB. Presence of Silurian gabbroic rocks as well as pervasively distributed arc felsic plutons in the CTOB suggest active crust-mantle magmatism in the Silurian, which has contributed to crustal growth by (1) serving as heat sources that remelted former arc crust to generate arc plutons, (2) addition of a mantle component to the arc plutons by magma mixing, and (3) transport of mantle materials to form new lower or middle crust. Mafic–ultramafic intrusions and their spatiotemporal A-type granites during Early Permian to Triassic intraplate extension are intrusive counterparts of the contemporaneous bimodal volcanic rocks in the CTOB. Basaltic underplating in this temporal interval contributed to crustal growth in a vertical form, including adding mantle materials to lower or middle crust by intracrustal differentiation and remelting Early-Paleozoic formed arc crust in the CTOB.     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the magmatic suite from the Jianzha Complex,central China: Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications

The intermediate–mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Jianzha Complex (JZC) at the northern margin of the West Qinling Orogenic Belt have been interpreted to be a part of an ophiolite suite. In this study, we present new geochronological, petrological, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data and provide a different interpretation. The JZC is composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbro, gabbro, and pyroxene diorite. The suite shows characteristics of Alaskan-type complexes, including (1) the low CaO concentrations in olivine; (2) evidence of crystal accumulation; (3) high calcic composition of clinopyroxene; and (4) negative correlation between FeO^tot and Cr₂O₃ of spinels. Hornblende and phlogopite are ubiquitous in the wehrlites, but minor orthopyroxene is also present. Hornblende and biotite are abundant late crystallized phases in the gabbros and diorites. The two pyroxene-bearing diorite samples from JZC yield zircon U–Pb ages of 245.7 ± 1.3 Ma and 241.8 ± 1.3 Ma. The mafic and ultramafic rocks display slightly enriched LREE patterns. The wehrlites display moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (0.74–0.94), whereas the olivine gabbros and gabbros have pronounced positive Eu anomalies. Diorites show slight LREE enrichment, with (La/Yb)_N ratios ranging from 4.42 to 7.79, and moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu¹ = 0.64–0.86). The mafic and ultramafic rocks from this suite are characterized by negative Nb–Ta–Zr anomalies as well as positive Pb anomalies. Diorites show pronounced negative Ba, Nb–Ta and Ti spikes, and typical Th–U, K and Pb peaks. Combined with petrographic observations and chemical variations, we suggest that the magmatism was dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization and crystal accumulation, with limited crustal contamination. The arc-affinity signature and weekly negative to moderately positive ε_Nd(t) values (−2.3 to 1.2) suggest that these rocks may have been generated by partial melting of the juvenile sub-continental lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized previously by slab-derived fluids. The lithologies in the JZC are related in space and time and originated from a common parental magma. Geochemical modeling suggests that their primitive parental magma had a basaltic composition. The ultramafic rocks were generated through olivine accumulation, and variable degrees of fractional crystallization with minor crustal contamination produced the diorites. The data presented here suggest that the subduction in West Qinling did not cease before the early stage of the Middle Triassic (∼242 Ma), a back-arc developed in the northern part of West Qinling during this period, and the JZC formed within the incipient back-arc.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Ordovician plutons in the Erguna Block (NE China): further insights into the tectonic evolution of the Xing’an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt

ABSTRACT

The Ordovician plutons in the Erguna Block, NE China, can be classified into two groups: Early Ordovician diorites with zircon U–Pb ages ranging from 486 to 485 Ma and Middle Ordovician gabbros and granites with zircon U–Pb ages ranging from 466 to 463 Ma. The diorites are calc-alkaline in nature and are characterized by weak to moderate enrichments of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The gabbros and granites have high total alkali contents, and all samples are enriched in LREE and LILE and depleted in HFSE such as Nb, Ta, and Ti. Isotopically, Early Ordovician diorites display values that are less radiogenic [ε_Hf(t) = + 9.9–+16.8] compared to those of Middle Ordovician gabbros [ε_Hf(t) = ? 3.0–+5.0]. Middle Ordovician granites have positive ε_Hf(t) values of +1.4 to +4.3 and two-stage Hf model ages (T_DM2) of 1167 to 1356 Ma. These data indicate that the diorites may have been generated by the partial melting of a recently metasomatized mantle source, whereas the gabbros and granites may have been formed by the partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle and Mesoproterozoic crust, respectively. Our results, combined with other regional results, suggest that Early Ordovician magmatism was likely associated with the northward subduction of the Heihe–Xilinhot oceanic plate beneath the Erguna–Xing’an Block, whereas the Middle Ordovician gabbros and granites were most likely formed in an extensional setting controlled by the rollback of this subducted oceanic plate.     

Intra-continental back-arc basin inversion and Late Carboniferous magmatism in Eastern Tianshan,NW China: Constraints from the Shaquanzi magmatic suite

The Yamansu belt,an important tectonic component of Eastern Tianshan Mountains,of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China hosts many Fe-(Cu)deposit.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of the volcanic rocks of Shaquanzi Formation and diorite intrusions in the Yamansu belt.The Shaquanzi Formation comprises mainly basalt,andesite/andesitic tuff,rhyolite and sub-volcanic diabase with local diorite intrusions.The volcanic rocks and diorites contain ca.315-305 Ma and ca.298 Ma zircons respectively.These rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),light rare-earth elements(LREEs),and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams,which resemble typical back-arc basin rocks.They show depleted mantle signature with ε_(Nd)(t)ranging from+3.1 to +5.6 for basalt;+2.1 to+4.7 for andesite;-0.2 to+1.5 for rhyolite and the ε_(Hf)(t)ranges from-0.1 to +13.0 for andesites;+5.8 to +10.7 for andesitic tuffs.We suggest that the Shaquanzi Formation basalt might have originated from a depleted,metasomatized lithospheric mantle source mixed with minor(3-5%)subduction-derived materials,whereas the andesite and rhyolite could be fractional crystallization products of the basaltic magma.The Shaquanzi Formation volcanic rocks could have formed in an intracontinental back-arc basin setting,probably via the southward subduction of the Kangguer Ocean beneath the Middle Tianshan Massif.The Yamansu mineralization belt might have undergone a continental arc to back-arc basin transition during the Late Carboniferous and the intra-continental back-arc basin might have closed in the Early Permian,marked by the emplacement of dioritic magma in the Shaquanzi belt.     

Palaeozoic multiphase magmatism at Barleik Mountain,southern West Junggar,Northwest China: implications for tectonic evolution of the West Junggar

The West Junggar lies in the southwest part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and consists of Palaeozoic ophiolitic mélanges, island arcs, and accretionary complexes. The Barleik ophiolitic mélange comprises several serpentinite-matrix strips along a NE-striking fault at Barleik Mountain in the southern West Junggar. Several small late Cambrian (509–503 Ma) diorite-trondhjemite plutons cross-cut the ophiolitic mélange. These igneous bodies are deformed and display island arc calc-alkaline affinities. Both the mélange and island arc plutons are uncomfortably covered by Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary rocks and Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircons (n = 104) from the Devonian sandstone yield a single age population of 452–517 million years, with a peak age of 474 million years. The Devonian–Carboniferous strata are invaded by an early Carboniferous (327 Ma) granodiorite, late Carboniferous (315–311 Ma) granodiorites, and an early Permian (277 Ma) K-feldspar granite. The early Carboniferous pluton is coeval with subduction-related volcano-sedimentary strata in the central West Junggar, whereas the late Carboniferous–early Permian intrusives are contemporary with widespread post-collisional magmatism in the West Junggar and adjacent regions. They are typically undeformed or only slightly deformed.

Our data reveal that island arc calc-alkaline magmatism occurred at least from middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician time as constrained by igneous and detrital zircon ages. After accretion to another tectonic unit to the south, the ophiolitic mélange and island arc were exposed, eroded, and uncomfortably overlain by the Devonian shallow-marine and terrestrial volcano-sedimentary strata. The early Carboniferous arc-related magmatism might reflect subduction of the Junggar Ocean in the central Junggar. Before the late Carboniferous, the oceanic basins apparently closed in this area. These different tectonic units were stitched together by widespread post-collisional plutons in the West Junggar during the late Carboniferous–Permian. Our data from the southern West Junggar and those from the central and northern West Junggar and surroundings consistently indicate that the southwest part of the CAOB was finally amalgamated before the Permian.     

Geochronological and geochemical studies of adakites from Tethyan Belt,Western Pakistan: A clue to geodynamics and Cu-Au mineralization

ABSTRACT

Large porphyry Cu-Au deposits are associated with Early Miocene intrusive rocks in Tethyan belt, discovered along Chagai magmatic arc in Western Pakistan, adjacent to Southeast Iran. Two types of rocks were discriminated as granodiorite and monzodiorite from Saindak area. The granodiorites are associated with regional large Cu-Au mineralization, while the monzodiorites are mostly ore-barren. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yielded weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 22.16–24.2 Ma for granodiorites and ca. 22.6 Ma for a monzodiorite. These intrusive rocks in the Saindak area are all calc-alkaline rocks, with enriched LILEs and depleted HFSEs, and without Eu negative anomalies. The felsic granodiorites are characterized by high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios, with intermediate to high (La/Yb)_N ratios that identify them as typical high-silica adakites. In contrast, the basaltic-andesitic monzodiorites are just normal arc-related rocks, showing less fractionated REE patterns than the granodiorites, with systematically lower LREE and higher MREE and HREE. Low K₂O/Na₂O ratios and decoupled Sr/Y-(La/Yb)_N ratios indicate the characteristics of slab-derived adakites for the granodiorites, most likely originated through partial melting of the subducted Neotethys oceanic crust beneath Eurasian continent followed by subsequent mantle interaction. The almost simultaneously melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle induced by dehydration of Neotethys plate gave rise to the formation of the barren monzodiorites. These intrusive rocks in the Saindak area are characterized by similar Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i ratios, slightly negative εNd(t) values and radiogenic Pb isotopes, plotting in the field between the MORB and EM-II mantle endmembers or the Average Cadomian Lower Crust, suggesting subducting sediments or old continental crustal materials have contributed into the compositions of these rocks by source enrichment or crustal contamination. The slab-melting derived adakite is favourable for regional massive Cu-Au mineralization in the Saindak area.     

U-Pb Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry of Granitoids in the Douling Group in the Eastern Qinling

LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating of the Sanpinggou, Gangou and Fengzishan granitoids in the Douling Group of the Eastern Qinling yields ages of 760-685 Ma, which represents a strong tectono-magmatic event in the southern Qinling during the late Neoproterozoic. Geochemical data show that these intrusions have wide compositions ranging from minor gabbros through diorites to granodiorites. They are relatively enriched in LILE, poor in HFSE and strongly depleted in Nb and Ta, displaying affinities of Ⅰ-type granites formed in an active continental margin with oceanic subduction. In contrast to granitoids, gabbros and enclaves in the granitoids have higher REE abundances, relatively flat REE patterns, lower LILE, slightly higher HFSE and more depletion in Nb and Ta. All these suggest that the gabbros were formed by partial melting of the upper mantle above the subduction zone and the granitoids by the partial melting of the lower crust. Combined with regional geological data, the subduction-related granitoids in     

Early Mesozoic southward subduction history of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate: Evidence from geochronology and geochemistry of Early Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Erguna Massif,NE China

In this paper we present new zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotope data, and whole-rock major and trace element data for Early Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Erguna Massif of NE China, and we use these data to constrain the history of southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate, and its influence on NE China as a whole. The zircon U–Pb dating indicates that Early Mesozoic magmatic activity in the Erguna Massif can be subdivided into four stages at ~ 246 Ma, ~ 225 Ma, ~ 205 Ma, and ~ 185 Ma. The ~ 246 Ma intrusive rocks comprise a suite of high-K calc-alkaline diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, monzogranites, and syenogranites, with I-type affinities. The ~ 225 Ma intrusive rocks consist of gabbro–diorites and granitoids, and they constitute a bimodal igneous association. The ~ 205 Ma intrusive rocks are dominated by calc-alkaline I-type granitoids that are accompanied by subordinate intermediate–mafic rocks. The ~ 185 Ma intrusive rocks are dominated by I-type granitoids, accompanied by minor amounts of A-types. These Early Mesozoic granitoids mainly originated by partial melting of a depleted and heterogeneous lower crust, whereas the coeval mafic rocks were probably derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle modified by subduction-related fluids. The rock associations and their geochemical features indicate that the ~ 246 Ma, ~ 205 Ma, and ~ 185 Ma intrusive rocks formed in an active continental margin setting related to the southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate. The ~ 225 Ma bimodal igneous rock association formed within an extensional environment in a pause during the subduction process of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate. Every magmatic stage has its own corresponding set of porphyry deposits in the southeast of the Mongol–Okhotsk suture belt. Taking all this into account, we conclude the following: (1) during the Early Mesozoic, the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate was subducted towards the south beneath the Erguna Massif, but with a pause in subduction at ~ 225 Ma; and (2) the southward subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate not only caused the intense magmatic activity, but was also favorable to the formation of porphyry deposits.     

内蒙古图古日格金矿床二叠纪侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

对内蒙古图日格金矿区内的侵入岩开展了地质年代学和地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,图古日格矿区内的似斑状花岗岩、花岗岩、角闪石岩和蚀变闪长岩的成岩年龄分别为264.5±1.4 Ma、278.7±1.0Ma、280.6±1.3 Ma和288.0±2.6 Ma,均侵位于二叠纪。图古日格金矿床的成矿年龄(268～259 Ma)与矿区内的似斑状花岗岩的活动时间(276～265 Ma)相似,而且矿床的矿体均产出在似斑状花岗岩中或附近,指示它们之间可能具有密切的成因联系。图古日格金矿床内的二叠纪侵入岩为一套双峰式侵入岩,矿区内的侵入岩都属于高钾钙碱性系列,均具有富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Sr、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等)、轻稀土元素较富集和轻重稀土元素分异程度较低的特点。这些侵入岩虽然具有类似俯冲带侵入岩的地球化学特征,但这可能仅仅反映了岩石源区受到了俯冲作用的影响,不足以制约其构造背景。结合前人研究成果和双峰式侵入岩组合的地球化学特征,认为图古日格金矿床及矿区内的二叠纪侵入岩形成的构造背景是碰撞后伸展环境。     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Late Cretaceous–early Eocene granodiorites in the southern Gangdese batholith of Tibet: petrogenesis and implications for geodynamics and Cu ± Au ± Mo mineralization

Cu ± Au ± Mo mineralization is found in multiple intrusive suites in the Gangdese belt of southern Tibet (GBST). However, the petrogenesis of these ore-bearing intrusive rocks remains controversial. Here, we report on mineralization-related Late Cretaceous-early Eocene intrusive rocks in the Chikang–Jirong area, southern Gangdese. Zircon U–Pb analyses indicate that the mainly granodioritic Chikang and Jirong plutons were generated in the Late Cretaceous (ca. 92 Ma) and early Eocene (ca. 53 Ma), respectively. They are high-K calc-alkaline suites with high SiO₂ (64.8–68.3 wt.%) and Al₂O₃ (15.1–15.7 wt.%) contents. Chikang granodiorites are characterized by high Sr (835–957 ppm), Sr/Y (118–140), Mg# (58–60), Cr (21.8–36.6 ppm), and Ni (14.3–22.9 ppm), and low Y (6.0–8.1 ppm), Yb (0.54–0.68 ppm) values with negligible Eu anomalies, which are similar to those of typical slab-derived adakites. The Jirong granodiorites have high SiO₂ (64.8–65.3 wt.%) and Na₂O + K₂O (7.19–7.59 wt.%), and low CaO (2.45–3.69 wt.%) contents, Mg# (47–53) and Sr/Y (14–16) values, along with negative Eu and Ba anomalies. Both Chikang and Jirong granodiorites have similar ε_Hf(t) (7.6–13.1) values. The Chikang granodiorites were most probably produced by partial melting of subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust, and the Jirong granodiorites were possibly generated by partial melting of Gangdese juvenile basaltic crust. In combination with the two peak ages (100–80 and 65–41 Ma) of Gangdese magmatism, we suggest that upwelling asthenosphere, triggered by the rollback and subsequent break-off of subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere, provided the heat for partial melting of subducted slab and arc juvenile crust. Taking into account the contemporaneous occurrence of Gangdese magmatism and Cu ± Au ± Mo mineralization, we conclude that the Late Cretaceous–early Eocene magmatic rocks in the GBST may have a significant potential for Cu ± Au ± Mo mineralization.     

Tonian to early Cryogenian synorogenic basin of the São Gabriel Terrane,Dom Feliciano Belt,southernmost Brazil

A provenance and stratigraphic study of the Neoproterozoic Pontas do Salso Complex (PSC), western portion of the Dom Feliciano Belt (DFB), was conducted with U–Pb zircon geochronological analysis of the metasediments and the host rocks. The U–Pb isotopic data from detrital zircon of the metasediments indicate the source from the latest Middle Tonian to Late Cryogenian (between 897 and 684 Ma) and maximum depositional age of 685 ± 18 Ma in an arc-related basin setting adjacent in the Sao Gabriel Arc. The metasediments of the PSC form an elongated body in the N35°E direction and occur in the central portion of the São Gabriel Terrane (SGT), which is constituted by ophiolitic complexes and arc-related rocks, generated probably during the final consolidation of Rodinia supercontinent, although this question is still open. Low- to medium-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous affinity, and trace-element geochemistry suggest that the chemical composition of the protoliths was generated from metasomatized mantle sources in subduction zones. The PSC is composed of meta-arkoses, with subordinate metaconglomerates and metapelites. The meta-arkoses are disposed in plane-parallel layers, which also internally feature small-scale cross-bedding structures. The matrix has a blastopsammitic, poorly selected, fine to coarse texture, and hexagonal quartz and plagioclase porphyroclasts with superimposed thermal metamorphism. The polymict metaconglomerates are matrix-supported, with 15–55% of clasts of metavolcanic rocks, metasediments, undeformed granites, and quartz veins. The metapelites comprise mainly muscovite phyllites with syn-tectonic garnet and chloritoid porphyroblasts. The PSC represents a sedimentary succession deposited on an arc-related basin formed during the collapse and uplift of the SGT.     

青海南山沟后岩浆杂岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石成因及其地质意义

青海南山构造带是衔接宗务隆构造带、南祁连构造带和西秦岭造山带的重要结合带。沟后岩浆杂岩体位于青海南山构造带东段,主要由辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩组成。本文对沟后岩浆杂岩体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究。结果表明,辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄分别为248.8±2.6 Ma、243.2±2.1 Ma、243.1±0.9 Ma、244.0±2.1 Ma和249±3 Ma。辉长岩富铁、镁,贫碱;辉长闪长岩高铝、富钙和钠,二者均为钙碱性岩类。石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为准铝-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩,暗色微粒包体属钙碱性-碱性岩系列。不同岩石类型均表现为富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、K)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和P、Ba负异常;稀土元素配分曲线均具有轻重稀土分异的右倾特征,具弱-中等负Eu异常。岩相学和岩石地球化学特征表明沟后岩浆杂岩体具壳幔岩浆混合特征,暗示其可能形成于由俯冲流体交代地幔楔部分熔融的幔源岩浆底侵作用下的构造环境。辉长岩为幔源岩浆经分离结晶的产物,辉长闪长岩为幔源岩浆经分异演化并混染少量壳源岩浆的产物;中基性岩浆与壳源中酸性岩浆发生混合并经历一定的分异演化过程形成了石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。结合区域地质资料分析认为,沟后岩浆杂岩体可能代表了研究区早三叠世晚期-中三叠世早期宗务隆洋向南消减作用相关的构造岩浆事件。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in Karamay region of West Junggar,Northwest China

ABSTRACT

Zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical analyses are reported for a suite of the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks from West Junggar (Northwest China), southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), with the aim to investigate the sources, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb analysis from an andesite yielded concordant weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 345 ± 3 Ma, indicating the presence of early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar. The early Carboniferous volcanic rocks consist of basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite. Geochemically, all the samples bear the signature of ocean island basalt (OIB), and are characterized by alkaline affinity with minor variations in SiO₂ compositions (45.13–53.05 wt.%), high concentrations of Na₂O + K₂O (5.08–8.89 wt.%) and TiO₂ (1.71–3.35 wt.%), and LREE enrichment and HREE depletion ((La/Yb)_N = 7.1–12.4), with weak Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.9–1.1) and no obvious Nb, Ta, and Ti negative anomalies. These features suggest that the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks were derived from an OIB-related source that consists of oceanic lithosphere with ~1–3% degree partial melting of garnet lherzolite. From these observations, in combination with previous work, we conclude that the early Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in Karamay region formed by upwelling of asthenospheric mantle through a slab window in a forearc setting during consumption of the West Junggar Ocean. Meanwhile, seamounts, which formed in the Late Devonian and were accreted and subducted in Karamay arc, also brought geological effects in the subduction zone.     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the Maoliger quartz monzodiorites,Inner Mongolia,China: implications for Carboniferous arc magmatism and closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean

Recent research has identified an early to late Carboniferous magmatic arc that extends from Suzuo Qi to Xiwu Qi in Inner Mongolia, China, but the eastern extension of this arc is unknown. Understanding the relationship between this arc and the Hegenshan ophiolite belt and Xilamulun Solonker suture zone is important to our understanding of the tectonic evolution of the late Palaeozoic Palaeo-Asian Ocean. Here, we present new zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb and geochemical data for the Maoliger quartz monzodiorites within the Jalaid Qi area. The Maoliger quartz monzodiorites formed at 329 ± 2 Ma, are low-K and tholeiitic, and have geochemical signatures indicative of formation within a magmatic arc. These rocks are large-ion lithophile element (e.g. Rb, Ba, and Sr)-enriched and high-field-strength element (e.g. Nb and Ta)-depleted. Combined with previously published researches, it is suggested that the quartz monzodiorites within the Jalaid Qi area formed contemporaneously with and are geochemically similar to quartz diorites of the Xiwu Qi area and the Baolidao pluton in the Suzuo Qi area. This indicates that the early to late Carboniferous magmatic arc in this region extends eastward to the Jalaid Qi area. This arc is located in an area parallel to a southerly early Permian magmatic arc, suggesting that the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subduction zone migrated south between the early Carboniferous and early Permian. The new data show that the Palaeo-Asian Ocean closed after the late Carboniferous.