南秦岭宁陕地区月河坪夕卡岩型钼矿Re-Os年龄和矿床学特征

宁陕地区月河坪钼矿床位于南秦岭多金属成矿带,属于夕卡岩型钼矿。本文采用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年方法,精确地测定月河坪钼矿的成矿时代。分析结果显示,5件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素模式年龄的变化范围小,集中在189.8Ma和195.4Ma之间,获得加权平均年龄值191.4±1.6Ma,与等时线回归计算得到的年龄值193.6±3.5Ma在误差范围内相吻合。结果说明成矿时代为早侏罗纪,成矿作用属于中国北部燕山期大规模成矿期的一部分。结合已报道的成矿年龄资料,月河坪钼矿床可能形成于扬子板块与华北板块的后碰撞造山作用过程,但有可能受到后期岩浆活动的改造和破坏。同时推测在南秦岭地区存在印支末期到燕山早期的成矿事件,这对于秦岭造山带尤其是南秦岭地区钼矿资源勘探具有借鉴意义。     

Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the East Xingmeng orogenic belt,northeast China: characteristics and tectonic setting

Numerous molybdenum (Mo) ore deposits have been discovered in the East Xingmeng orogenic belt (East Central Asian orogenic belt), over the past 10 years, and this region is becoming one of the world's most important Mo production areas. It contains 6.18 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves, which accounts for 30% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The ore district includes 37 deposits and 15 occurrences, with three major Mo ore types, that is porphyries, skarns, and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be subdivided into quartz- and volcanic hydrothermal-vein types. With the exception of the Ordovician Duobaoshan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit (477 Ma), all the East Xingmeng Mo deposits formed during the Mesozoic. Re–Os dating of molybdenite has documented three episodes of Mo mineralization: Early Triassic (248–242 Ma), Jurassic (178–146 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (142–131 Ma). Early Triassic Mo deposits are distributed along the northern margin fault of the North China Craton (NCC) and include porphyry and quartz vein types. They are characterized by the association of Mo + Cu. Jurassic Mo deposits are mainly distributed in the eastern area and include porphyry, quartz vein, and skarn types. They are typified by Mo alone and/or the association of Mo, Pb, and Zn. Cretaceous Mo deposits are distributed in all areas and include porphyry and volcanic hydrothermal vein types. Similar to the Jurassic ores, they are simple Mo or Mo + Pb + Zn deposits. Volcanic hydrothermal vein deposits are characterized by an association of molybdenum and uranium. The Triassic Mo deposits formed in a syn-collision setting between the Siberian and North China plates. The Jurassic Mo deposits formed in a compressional setting, which was probably triggered by the westward subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate. The Early Cretaceous Mo deposits are linked to a tectonic regime of lithosphere thinning, which was caused by delamination of thickened lithosphere. However, the Mo deposits in the Erguna terrane of the northwest Xingmeng orogenic belt may be related to the evolution of the Okhotsk Ocean.     

东秦岭钼矿带成矿特征及其与美国克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带的对比

东秦岭钼矿带是中国最主要的钼矿带,钼矿呈近东西向展布。钼矿以斑岩型为主,从南到北,钼矿带钼矿大体有斑岩Cu-Mo矿、斑岩Mo矿、斑岩Au-Mo矿分带的趋势,与从俯冲带到克拉通边缘斑岩Cu矿、斑岩Cu-Mo矿、斑岩Mo矿依次发育的分带现象相似,表明钼矿的形成与扬子地块向华北地块俯冲有关。根据钼矿Re-Os年龄资料统计钼矿分为～220Ma、～140Ma和～110Ma三期,其成矿动力学背景分别为碰撞造山、碰撞造山后伸展和中国东部岩石圈减薄。钼矿流体包裹体均一温度介于83℃～424℃;平衡盐度介于0.61%～42.5%。流体包裹体水的δD介于-100‰～-40‰,δ18OH2O介于-4.3‰～8.7‰;且从成矿早期到晚期流体包裹体水的δD和δ18OH2O分别变小,表明钼矿的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期有大气水的加入。东秦岭钼矿的铅同位素为206Pb/204Pb=17.12～17.89、207Pb/204Pb=15.23～15.70、208Pb/204Pb=37.57～39.10,与区域下地壳铅同位素一致;小斑岩体的Sri=0.705～0.714,δ18O=7.2‰～12.1‰,与I型花岗岩的锶、氧同位素相一致,表明钼矿的成矿物质主要来源于下地壳。东秦岭钼矿带的钼资源总量占中国钼资源的51%以上,美国克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带(Climax and Hender-son)的钼资源总量占美国钼矿资源的42%以上,美国和中国的钼资源在世界上的排名分别为第一和第二位,两钼矿带是世界钼资源高度集中的两个区域。克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带位于美国中西部、美洲克拉通西缘;钼矿主要形成于33～18Ma,稍晚于拉腊米(Laramide,75～54Ma)陆内造山运动;钼矿形成于碰撞造山后伸展环境。东秦岭与克莱马克斯两钼矿带相比:1)两钼矿带都位于克拉通边缘;2)两钼矿带的钼矿化都形成于陆内碰撞造山之后的伸展环境,与成矿有关的岩体都为花岗斑岩小岩体;3)两钼矿带钼矿的辉钼矿平均丰度分别为0.073%～0.140%和0.171%～0.264%,东秦岭钼矿的丰度明显较低;4)两钼矿带钼矿的辉钼矿成矿温度分别为300～400℃和460～600℃,东秦岭钼矿明显较低,反映与其成矿有关的岩浆的侵位深度较浅。通过两钼矿带间的综合对比得出:克拉通边缘经历陆内碰撞造山作用后在伸展环境下有利于斑岩钼矿的形成;与钼矿有关的小斑岩体岩浆的侵位深度影响钼矿中辉钼矿的丰度,岩浆的侵出深度越深其钼矿的辉钼矿品位越高。     

南秦岭桂林沟斑岩型钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学及其构造意义研究

陕西省镇安县桂林沟斑岩型钼矿床位于南秦岭多金属成矿带内,其成矿围岩主要为细粒花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和蚀变的粗粒花岗岩。本文通过对桂林沟斑岩型钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年以及围岩中锆石U-Pb年代学研究,旨在探讨成矿成岩的关系及其构造意义。结果表明,6件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄在195.9~198.5Ma之间,加权平均年龄为197.2±1.3Ma,表明桂林沟钼矿形成于早侏罗世。围岩细粒花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和粗粒花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为199±1.4Ma、201±3.1Ma和198±11Ma,这说明其成岩和成矿年龄基本一致。值得注意的的是,桂林沟钼矿床的形成年龄不同于前人已报导的秦岭钼矿的三个主要成矿期,即238~213Ma、145~126Ma和116~110Ma,其稍晚于第一成矿期。200~190Ma可能代表了秦岭成矿带一期尚未认识的重要成矿事件,对于南秦岭找矿具有重要意义。该期钼矿形成于秦岭印支期碰撞之后,是在造山带垮塌引起的岩浆-热液事件过程中形成的。     

Tectonic implications from Re-Os dating of Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the East Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt

The East Qinling-Dabie molybdenum belt is part of a larger East-West trending metallogenic belt in eastern China. Most of the molybdenum deposits occur as porphyry or porphyry-skarn type, but there are also some vein type deposits. Following systematic Re-Os dating of molybdenite from 13 deposits and comparisons with two previously dated deposits, we have recognized that the molybdenum mineralization in the East Qinling-Dabie belt was developed during hydrothermal activity linked to magmatism and the emplacement of granitoid stocks. Three pulses of granitoid magmatism and Mo mineralization are recognized corresponding to significant tectonic events in the East Qinling-Dabie belt. Vein type deposits dated at 233-221 Ma were formed in detachment fractures, indicating localized extension within the collisional setting of the North China and Yangtze Cratons. I-type and transitional I- and S-type granites and related mineralization dated at 148-138 Ma may have formed part of a continental magmatic arc, with widespread magmatism and back-arc extension caused by subduction of the Izanagi or Paleopacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent in a WNW-ESE direction in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Both S-type and transitional S- and I-type granite-associated porphyry molybdenum deposits dated at 131-112 Ma are part of an extensive mineralization event throughout East China that can be ascribed to regional large-scale lithospheric thinning, delamination and thermal erosion.     

Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the east Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt: Characteristics and tectonic settings

The East Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt accommodates the largest Mo ore district in the world. It contains 8.43 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves which accounts for 66% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The Mo ore district includes 24 deposits and 12 occurrences, with four major types of Mo mineral systems, i.e., porphyry, porphyry-skarn, skarn and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be further subdivided into quartz vein and carbonatite vein types. Although Mo mineralization in the belt began in the Paleoproterozoic (1680 ± 24 to 2044 ± 14 Ma), all economically significant deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Re/Os dating of molybdenite has shown that there are three episodes of Mo mineralization, i.e., Late Triassic (233–221 Ma), Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (148–138 Ma) and Early to middle Cretaceous (131–112 Ma).Late Triassic Mo deposits developed as molybdenite–quartz veins and carbonatite vein types. Stable isotope systematics (C, O, S) and high contents of Re and Sr indicate that the carbonatite Mo veins are mantle-derived. Porphyry and porphyry–skarn Mo mineral deposits were formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Early to middle Cretaceous. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granite porphyries that are associated with the Mo deposits usually occupy less than 1.5 km² at the surface and are situated in the East Qinling area, far west of China's continental margin. On the other hand, the Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries, , with associated Mo deposits are located in the Dabieshan area and eastern part of the East Qinling area. The Late Jurassic to Early Creataceous granitoids and related Mo deposits possibly formed in a back-arc extensional setting of the Eurasian continental margin, which was probably triggered by the oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate. The Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries are linked to the tectonic regime of lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting of the crust, induced by a change in Izanagi Plate motion parallel to the continent margin.In the East Qinling–Dabie belt there are vein type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits surrounding porphyry and/or porphyry–skarn Mo (W) deposits, forming well defined ore clusters. The same spatial arrangement (i.e., porphyry Mo stockworks and outlying Pb–Zn–Ag ore veins) is also observed at the deposit scale. Thus, Mo porphyry stockworks and distal polymetallic veins belong to the same ore system and may reflect an outward temperature decrease from the highly fractionated granite plutons. Both, porphyry stockworks and polymetallic veins, can be used as vectors for further prospecting.     

东秦岭石窑沟斑岩钼矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os年龄

在东秦岭钼成矿带最近探明的石窑沟大型钼矿床位于近东西向马超营断裂带与北东向石窑沟-焦园断裂带的交汇部位,获得钼金属储量10余万吨,平均品位0.068%。钼矿化呈细脉-网脉状分布于花岗斑岩体及其围岩熊耳群火山岩中,与矿化有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化等,具有斑岩型钼矿床的一些基本特点。在矿床中选取5件不同矿化类型的辉钼矿样品,采用ICP-MS法进行Re-Os同位素定年,获得模式年龄131.3±2.4～134.3±2.6Ma,等时线年龄135.2±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.18),形成于早白垩世,与豫西熊耳山地区雷门沟、鱼池岭等钼矿床形成时代相近。据辉钼矿Re含量(8.242×10-6～30.24×10-6)推测,矿床成矿物质主要来自于下地壳。矿床为东秦岭-大别山地区中生代第三期钼成矿作用产物,形成于早白垩世中国东部岩石圈伸展环境。     

豫南大别山北麓姚冲钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床是大别山北麓近期新发现的外接触带斑岩型钼矿床,矿体主要赋存于花岗斑岩体(脉)外接触带的元古宇大别片麻杂岩中,主要受隐伏岩体和构造控制。成矿可分为石英-钾长石、辉钼矿-钾长石-石英、辉钼矿-石英、方解石4个阶段,有经济意义的矿化为辉钼矿-钾长石-石英、辉钼矿-石英2个阶段。本次利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪TJA X-series ICPMS对姚冲钼矿床6件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素年龄测定,获得Re-Os等时线年龄为136.9±1.20Ma、模式年龄加权平均为137.19±0.79Ma,准确厘定其成矿时代为早白垩世。通过对姚冲钼矿床辉钼矿Re同位素及矿石硫同位素组成特征的研究,认为姚冲钼矿床的成矿物质主要来源于下地壳,并混有少量的地幔组分。结合前人在大别山北麓的研究成果,认为大别山北麓存在140 Ma左右和127~110Ma两期钼成矿事件,这两期成矿作用的时限与东秦岭第二期和第三期成矿时限基本一致。它们是印支期后大别造山带构造体制从挤压收缩向区域性伸展转化直至岩石圈强烈伸展减薄的地球动力学响应。     

Geology and geochronology of the Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt in eastern Inner Mongolia,China

The Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt, located in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, has great economic potential as a major producer of molybdenum. Four major types of Mo deposits have been recognized in the Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt: porphyry, quartz vein, volcanic-hosted, and greisen. These Mesozoic Mo deposits are closely related to Si- and K-rich intrusives and are usually hosted by granite plutons or located at the endo- or exo-contact zones of the granite porphyry. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating gives the emplacement ages of the intrusions related to Mo mineralization as 245.1 ± 4.4, 152.4 ± 1.6, and 139.1 ± 2.3 Ma. Re–Os analysis of five molybdenite samples from the Chehugou porphyry Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 245 ± 5 Ma (2σ), indicating that the mineralization age of the porphyry Mo deposit is about 245 Ma. Re–Os analyses of six molybdenite samples from the Nianzigou quartz-vein-type Mo deposit yield an isochron age of 154.3 ± 3.6 Ma (2σ), constraining the mineralization age of the quartz-vein Mo deposit to 154 Ma. Our results suggest that the Mo mineralization in the Xilamulun belt formed during at least three stages, i.e., the Triassic, Late Jurassic, and Early Cretaceous, and is coeval with the granitic magmatism. The corresponding geodynamic background covers the syncollision between the North China and Siberian plates during the Early to Middle Triassic, a compression setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the Jurassic and lithospheric thinning during the Early Cretaceous in eastern China.     

兴蒙造山带东缘内生钼矿床的成因类型、成矿年代及成矿动力学背景

兴蒙造山带东缘是中国重要内生多金属成矿区,近年来已发现钼矿床20余座。依据矿床地质、地球化学特征和年代学成果,将该区内生钼矿床类型划分为斑岩型、接触交代热液型和中高温浅成热液型。初步确定斑岩型矿床形成与高钾钙碱性花岗质岩浆作用有关,而接触交代热液型矿床形成与钙碱性花岗质岩浆作用以及围岩性质有关,成矿作用主要发生在195～165Ma和115～110Ma两个区间,成矿物质普遍具有壳幔混合源的特点;而其地球动力学背景分别与古太平洋板块俯冲欧亚大陆和伊泽奈崎板块俯冲欧亚大陆相适应。     

东秦岭(河南段)二郎坪群铜多金属成矿环境及成矿效应

二郎坪群位于北秦岭造山带中,在二郎坪群这套火山—沉积岩系中,含有在河南省占有重要地位的铜多金属矿。文章通过对二郎坪群的沉积建造特征、变基性火山岩的形成环境和岩浆来源特征的研究,认为二郎坪群形成于弧后盆地环境,其盆地规模和岩浆来源在盆地东西方向上存在差异,而铜多金属矿床成矿作用与二郎坪群的形成环境和变基性火山岩岩浆来源有着紧密的内在联系。二郎坪群弧后盆地在海底喷流作用下形成了不同成矿元素组合的铜-锌型和铅-锌型两种矿床类型。     

天山-兴蒙造山带主要钼矿床Re-Os定年和地质意义

天山-兴蒙钼矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,该成矿带主要呈近东西向分布;本文通过对天山-兴蒙钼矿带4个典型矿床Re-Os同位素精确定年,结合前人区域动力学背景的研究,揭示天山-兴蒙造山带钼矿床的成矿作用主要与岩浆侵入形成的花岗岩热液作用有关,并识别出兴蒙造山带3期岩浆活动、钼成矿作用和构造热事件;Re-Os定年结果揭示出晚古生代铜-钼矿床与俯冲-增生作用有关,三叠纪钼的成矿形成于西伯利亚板块与塔里木-华北克拉通碰撞背景下,而侏罗纪-早白垩世的钼成矿作用与古太平洋板块西向俯冲作用有关。     

东秦岭地区钼矿床研究现状及存在问题

秦岭造山带北部和华北地台南缘的豫西地区是中国重要的钼多金属和贵金属成矿带之一。前人的研究认为该区钼矿床形成于233～221Ma、148～138Ma和131～112Ma等3期。本文通过对研究区的钼矿床类型及其产出的大地构造环境、岩浆岩类型及时代以及钼矿床形成年代等方面的总结,认为233～221Ma时期的钼矿床产于陆内拉伸环境,可能与同期碱性岩体有关。从Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成看,成矿物质可能来源于秦岭造山带中的东坡组,成矿元素组成相对简单,以伴生Pb和Au为特征。148～138Ma期间的钼矿床可能形成于地壳加厚的过程中,其形成与以地壳物质为主的重熔型或I型钙碱性岩体有关,岩体Sr、Ba含量较高,伴生成矿元素主要为Fe和W。131～112Ma时期的钼矿床形成于地壳减薄的环境中,与中国东部岩石圈的拆沉、软流圈上涌等过程有关的钾质、高钾或碱性花岗质岩石相关,成矿元素组合局部富W。     

东秦岭斑岩钼矿带的地质特征和成矿构造背景

东秦岭钼矿带包涵5个世界级超大型(>5×105tMo)、5个大型((5～10)×104tMo)和一些中小型(<5×104tMo)钼矿床,探明钼金属储量超过5×106t,是世界最大的钼矿带。钼矿带的北、南边界分别是三宝断裂和商丹断裂,两条断裂分别为秦岭造山带的反向边界逆冲断裂(RBT)和主中央滑脱断裂(MCT)。矿床类型有斑岩型、斑岩-夕卡岩型、夕卡岩型和碳酸岩脉型,以前两者为主。含钼岩浆岩主要是富硅、钾而贫铁、镁、钙的花岗斑岩,只有黄龙铺和黄水庵矿床为碳酸岩脉。同位素年龄资料显示,黄龙铺形成于220Ma左右,而其余的与花岗斑岩有关的钼矿床形成于160～110Ma。结合秦岭造山带构造演化分析,认为黄龙铺矿床形成于弧后伸展背景,而其他矿床及其成矿斑岩形成于陆-陆碰撞体制。     

Types,characteristics, and time–space distribution of molybdenum deposits in China

Molybdenum exploration activity in China has accelerated tremendously during the past decade owing to the continuous, increasing demand for Earth resources. China possesses the largest Mo reserves in the world (exceeding 19.6 Mt). The major ore deposits are of porphyry, porphyry–skarn, skarn, vein, and sedimentary types. Porphyry molybdenum deposits contain 77.5% of the Chinese Mo reserves, with lesser amounts in porphyry–skarns (13%), skarns (5.1%), and veins (4.4%). Exploitation of sedimentary-type molybdenum deposits thus far has been uneconomical. The six Mo provinces are in the Northeast China, Yanliao, Qinling–Dabie, middle–lower Yangtze River Valley, South China, and Sanjiang areas. We recognize six ore-forming periods: (1) Precambrian (>541 Ma), (2) Palaeozoic (541–250 Ma), (3) Triassic (250–200 Ma), (4) Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (190–135 Ma), (5) Cretaceous (135–90 Ma), and (6) Cenozoic (55–12 Ma). The abundance of Mo ore deposits in China reflects the occurrence of multiple periods of tectonism, involving interactions between the Siberian, North China, Yangtze, India, and Palaeo-Pacific plates. Precambrian molybdenum deposits are related to Mesoproterozoic volcanism in an extensional setting. Palaeozoic Cu–Mo deposits are related to calc-alkaline granitic plutons in an island arc or a continental margin setting. Triassic Mo deposits formed in the syn-collision–postcollision tectonic setting between the Siberian and North China plates and between the North China and Yangzi plates. Jurassic–Early Cretaceous molybdenum deposits formed along the eastern margin of Asia and are associated with the palaeo-Pacific plate-subduction tectonic setting. Cretaceous Mo deposits are related to high-K calc-alkaline granitic rocks and formed in a lithospheric thinning setting. Cenozoic molybdenum deposits formed in a collision setting between the Indian and Eurasian continents and the subsequent extensional setting.     

河南省西峡县南沟锑-金矿床地质特征及成因研究

西峡县南沟矿区锑-金矿床位于华北克拉通南缘华熊地块和秦岭造山带的拼合部位二郎坪地体东段。秦岭造山带呈EW向横贯中国大陆中部,是华北板块与扬子板块俯冲碰撞而成的复合型大型造山带。从区域金属矿床(点)空间分布特征看,南沟锑-金矿区及外围分布有一系列呈NW向展布的金、钼、锑矿化带(点)。矿区岩浆岩活动频繁,主要的侵入体为加里东期花岗岩、斜长花岗岩和花岗斑岩,其中花岗岩与成矿关系密切。本文从地层-构造-岩浆岩各因素对成矿的控制作用入手,对南沟锑-金矿成矿物质来源及矿床成因进行研究。     

Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemistry of the Wenquan Mo-bearing granitioids in West Qinling,China: Constraints on the geodynamic setting for the newly discovered Wenquan Mo deposit

East Qinling is the largest porphyry molybdenum province in the world; these Mo deposits have been well documented. In West Qinling, however, few Mo deposits have been discovered although granitic rocks are widespread. Recently, the Wenquan porphyry Mo deposit has been discovered in Gansu province, which provides an insight into Mo mineralization in West Qinling. In this paper we report Pb isotope compositions for K-feldspar and sulfides, S isotope ratios for sulfides, the results obtained from petrochemical study and from in situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotopes. The granitoids are enriched in LILE and LREE, with REE and trace element patterns similar to continental crust, suggesting a crustal origin. The Mg^# (40.05 to 56.34) and Cr and Ni contents are high, indicating a source of refractory mafic lower crust. The ε_Hf(t) values of zircon grains from porphyritic monzogranite range from ? 2.9 to 0.6, and from granitic porphyry vary from ? 3.3 to 1.9. The zircons have T_DM2 of 1014 to 1196 Ma for the porphyritic monzogranite and 954 to 1224 Ma for the granitic porphyry, implying that these granitoids were likely derived from partial melting of a Late Mesoproterozoic juvenile lower crust. The Pb isotope compositions of the granitoids are similar to granites in South China, showing that the magma was sourced from the middle–lower crust in the southern Qinling tectonic unit. The Pb isotopic contrast between the Mo-bearing granitoids and ores shows that the Pb in the ore-forming solution was derived from fractionation of a Triassic magmatic system. δ³⁴S values of sulfides are between 5.02 and 5.66‰, similar to those associated with magmatic-hydrothermal systems. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields crystallization ages of 216.2 ± 1.7 and 217.2 ± 2.0 Ma for the granitoids, consistent with a previously reported molybdenite Re-Os isochron age of 214.4 ± 7.1 Ma. This suggests that the Mo mineralization is related to the late Triassic magmatism in the West Qinling orogenic belt. In view of these geochemical results and known regional geology, we propose that both granitoid emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Wenquan deposit resulted from the Triassic collision between the South Qinling and the South China Block, along the Mianlue suture. Since Triassic granitoid plutons commonly occur along the Qinling orogenic belt, the Triassic Wenquan Mo-bearing granitoids highlight the importance of the Triassic tectono-magmatic belt for Mo exploration. In order to apply this metallogenic model to the whole Qinling orogen, further study is needed to compare the Wenquan deposit with other deposits.     

熊耳山—外方山矿集区中生代Au-Mo成矿系统

熊耳山—外方山矿集区位于秦岭造山带之华北板块南缘,经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,成矿时间跨度大,成矿强度高,成矿作用多样。复合造山过程和相应的成矿作用已被深入研究,但成矿系统的划分和叠加成矿作用尚需研究。本文将熊耳山—外方山矿集区发育的Au-Mo矿床划分为造山型Mo矿床、斑岩型Mo矿床、岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床、造山型Au矿床和岩浆热液型Au矿床5个类型,对应5种成矿系统：(1)造山型Mo矿床形成于250~227 Ma的同碰撞环境和227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Mo成矿;(2)斑岩型Mo矿床形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~116 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源或壳源Mo成矿;(3)岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床形成于227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源Mo成矿;(4)造山型Au矿床在三叠纪发生了预富集作用,主要形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Au成矿;(5)岩浆热液型Au矿床仅形成于135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带壳源Au成矿。矿集区主要存在两种叠加成矿作用,即不同构造背景下多种成矿系统的叠加和同一构造背景下不同成矿系统的叠加。     

大别山北麓钼矿床地质特征和地球动力学背景

大别造山带北麓新发现有大、中型钼矿床(点)十余个,是继东秦岭和东北钼矿带后又一重要钼金属矿集区.本文总结了大别山北麓钼矿床的地质特征,包括时空分布、成因类型等.大别山地区的钼矿床多沿NW向区域性断裂构造带发育,集中于晓天-磨子潭断裂以北;矿床产出受NW向与NE向断裂交汇部位控制,对赋矿围岩无选择性.钼矿化与燕山期高钾花岗质斑岩体密切相关,矿体产于岩体内部和/或接触带围岩中.矿化类型以斑岩型为主,次为矽卡岩型、热液脉型及爆破角砾岩型.成矿过程普遍具有四阶段性,成矿流体以高温、高盐度、富CO2为普遍特征.辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄集中于110～ 130Ma,且从西向东变新;钼矿床和相关花岗岩类侵入体形成于岩石圈碰撞缩短加厚之后的伸展减薄地球动力学背景.     

Re–Os and U–Pb geochronology of porphyry Mo deposits in central Jilin Province: Mo ore-forming stages in northeast China

Central Jilin Province lies along the eastern edge of the Xing–Meng orogenic belt of northeast China. At least 10 Mo deposits have been discovered in this area, making it the second-richest concentration of Mo resources in China. To better understand the formation and distribution of porphyry Mo deposits in the area, we investigated the geological characteristics of the deposits and applied zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os isotope dating to constrain the age of mineralization. Our new geochronological data show the following: the Jidetun Mo deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 164.6–167.1 Ma, an isochron age of 168 ± 2.5 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 165.9 ± 1.2 Ma; the Houdaomu Mo deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 167.4–167.7 Ma, an isochron age of 168 ± 13 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 167.5 ± 1.2 Ma; and the Chang’anpu Mo deposit yields a zircon U–Pb age for granodiorite porphyry of 166.9 ± 1.5 Ma (N = 16). These new age data, combined with existing molybdenite Re–Os dates, show that intense porphyry Mo mineralization was coeval with magmatism during the Middle Jurassic (167.8 ± 0.4 Ma, r > 0.999). The geotectonic mechanisms responsible for Mo mineralization were probably related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent. Combining published molybdenite Re–Os and zircon U–Pb ages for northeast China, the Mo deposits are shown to have been formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of magmatic activity. We identified three phases of mineralization, two of which had several stages: the Caledonian (485–480 Ma); the Indosinian comprising the Early–Middle Triassic (248–236 Ma) and Late Triassic (226–208 Ma) stages; and the Yanshanian phase comprising the Early–Middle Jurassic (202–165 Ma), Late Jurassic–early Early Cretaceous (154–129 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (114–111 Ma) stages. Although Mo deposits formed during each phase/stage, most of the mineralization occurred during the Early–Middle Jurassic.