开源WebGIS分析与设计

本文阐述了万维网地理信息系统(WebGIS)和开源软件的概念、特点,详细分析了开放地理信息系统(OpenGIS)规范体系结构和工作流程:要素模型(Feature)、地图样式表、OGC Filter、Web地图服务和Web要素服务等。然后从几何基础类库、地图服务器、客户端和GPS应用系统分析了国内外的开源WebGIS实现,最后进行了模型-视图-控制器(MVC)模式的WebGIS基本设计,基于开源软件设计了WebGIS框架的系统结构方案。     

基于GeoTools的地图服务快速发布系统研究

随着互联网技术的发展,网络带宽不断提升,使用WebGIS服务可以更流畅地查看空间数据信息。目前使用的WebGIS服务软件主要是Esri公司的ArcGIS Server、超图公司的SuperMapiServer等商业软件。商业软件都有自己的格式,对数据的组织方式也有所不同,而且操作相对烦琐,使用许可费用较高,这也限制了WebGIS的发展和应用。开源GIS软件的出现,给广大开发者提供了一个新的选择。功能要求不高的系统开发,可以借助开源软件来实现。GeoTools是使用Java语言编写的开源GIS工具包,实现了常用的GIS功能。使用GeoTools可以开发出一套地图服务的快速发布和管理平台,对空间地图信息进行展示。本文通过对相关技术的讨论和对开发过程中出现的问题的分析,介绍了使用GeoTools进行地图服务快速发布系统开发的研究成果。     

基于开源pgRouting的WebGIS最短路径算法实现研究

pgRouting作为开源PostGIS空间数据库扩展路径规划项目,是对开源WebGIS中路径规划的创新.本文提出了如何在开源平台,将Dijkstra算法应用到WebGIS最短路径查询的方法.利用PostGIS开源项目pgRouting,结合Openlayers调用和Geoserver发布地图,利用OSM数据实现起始点定位查询最短路径的方法策略,并给出相关流程和配置安装的步骤.最后以昆明市道路数据验证了WebGIS中最短路径的方法.     

W ebG IS缓存中间件在轻量级地图服务平台中的应用研究

随着互联网在社会生活中的日益普及,基于B／S 模式的WebGIS以其维护成本低、访问范围广等优势正逐渐成为GIS应用开发的主流。然而,由于自身架构的原因,WebGIS在应用中仍存在许多不足之处,主要表现在地图服务平台的经费投入和地图请求效率上。通过研究WebGIS缓存中间件的关键技术,实现基于WebGIS缓存中间件的轻量级地图服务平台架构,并结合土地承包地理信息管理平台案例进行了验证。     

开源GIS在WebGIS中的应用初探

由于开源GIS的快速发展和功能逐步的完善,尝试利用开源GIS软件实现在网络GIS中的应用,通过运用空间数据库PostGIS、开源OGC服务器GeoServer和WebGIS客户端OpenLayers实现全球H1N1流感疫情地图的发布。目的在于为小型地理信息系统项目探索一些免费开源的解决方法和思路。     

开源GIS进展及其典型应用研究

近年来,开源GIS软件取得迅猛发展,越来越多的科研机构、企业和组织开展了开源GIS软件开发和应用研究。本文首先综述了当前主流的开源G1S软件及其典型应用,讨论了开源GIS软件版权许可形式;其次,分别从模块功能、体系架构和开发使用环境等方面分析了主流开源桌面GIS软件和WebGIS的特点,并提出研发和教学方面开源GIS软件选择的建议;最后,讨论了基于GeoServer、Nasa World Wind、MapServer和SharpMap四种开源GIS软件在地图制图、3维可视化表达、网络地理信息服务和移动GIS软件等方面的典型应用实例,对开源GIS的应用和发展前景进行了展望。     

基于GDAL的瓦片切割技术研究

切片处理服务在WebGIS中的应用至关重要。本文阐述了地图切片的相关原理,描述了地图切片使用的内部机制,提出了一种使用GDAL开源库对地图模板文件进行切片的方法。详细阐述了基于GDAL的地图切片的原理和步骤,基于GDAL实现了地图切片、切片管理的工具,介绍了地图模板局部更新的方法和技术路线。     

一种中小城市实用WebGIS架构方案

分析了一些开源WebGIS软件的实现方式,并按目前中小城市地图发布的实际需求,提出了一种利用开源软件来搭建中小城市WebGIS的系统解决方案。该方案采用开放式的多层架构,遵从OGC的WMS实现规范,使用了新颖的客户端地图页面标签定制技术,极大地提高了系统的互操作性、可扩展性和可定制性,同时也提高了中小城市数字化、网络化的效率,并且对一些基于地图的企业级网络应用也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

开源GIS研究及应用初探

阐述了开源GIS的概念,从许可类别、运行环境、开发语言、产品分类等方面对开源GIS进行了概要介绍,详细阐述了GeoServer、PostGIS、OpenLayers、uDig等开源GIS平台的技术架构,提出完全以开源GIS平台构建WebGIS应用的思路及技术路线,搭建了增城区规划数据发布应用系统,证实了基于开源平台构建WebGIS应用的可行性及优势。     

基于DNM数据的地图搜索服务网站建设

介绍了基于DNM(导航电子地图)数据的基础上,利用ESRI公司地图数据发布软件完成地图搜索服务网站建设的实施过程。探讨了ArcIMS在WebLogic中的应用,描述了从数据组织、服务平台确认和开发技术路线确定等内容的全部过程,总结了一定的系统开发经验,提供了开源的系统开发代码,为广大的WebGIS开发人员提供了一些系统开发经验与实例。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。