A hierarchical model for estimating methane emission from wetlands using MODIS data and ARIMA modeling

A three-step hierarchical Semi Automated Empirical Methane Emission Model (SEMEM) has been used to estimate methane emission from wetlands and waterlogged areas in India using Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor data onboard Terra satellite. Wetland Surface Temperature (WST), methane emission fluxes and wetland extent have been incorporated as parameters in order to model the methane emission. Analysis of monthly MODIS data covering the whole of India from November 2004 to April 2006 was carried out and monthly methane emissions have been estimated. Interpolation techniques were adopted to fill the data gaps due to cloudy conditions during the monsoon period. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model has been fitted to estimate the emitted methane for the months of May 2006 to August 2006 using SPSS software.     

Monitoring the source of trans-national dust storms in north east Asia

Abstract

The vast expanse of the Gobi desert across the Mongolian plateau experiences frequent dust storms. In this isolated region remote sensing techniques can provide an effective measurement of dust storms. Brightness temperature channels 4, 5 of AVHRR/NOAA satellite data, emissive bands of MODIS/TERRA satellite data and meteorological station measurement data were used and tested for dust and sandstorm mapping in the desert area of Mongolia and northern China. The differences between thermal bands in combination with geographic information system (GIS) layers were used for mapping in this study. The results show that dust and sand storm maps can be achieved from emissive bands for monitoring of dust and sandstorms. Most active dust storm sources can occur in truly remote areas where there is little or no human activity, although many sources are associated with areas where human impacts are well documented. Thus, on a regional scale dust mobilisation appears to be dominated by natural sources.     

红树林湿地植被生物量的雷达遥感估算

根据雷达后向散射系数建立了红树林湿地植被生物量的估算模型,并运用遗传算法确定其中非线性模型的最优参数.对比分析表明,雷达后向散射系数模型比NDVI模型在植被生物量估算中有更高的精度.使用NDVI指数有可能导致某些植被类型的生物量估算出现较大的误差.这是因为一些具有密集冠层的草本植被（例如互花米草等）有比红树林高得多的NDVI值.而雷达遥感所具有的侧视特点及一定的穿透能力能有效地获取植被的垂直信息,大大减低植被生物量估算的误差.     

杭州湾滨海湿地时空格局变化遥感调查研究

采用TM、SPOT-5卫星遥感数据,通过建立杭州湾滨海湿地分类体系和解译标志并进行人机交互解译,完成了杭州湾1987、1995、2003和2009年滨海湿地提取和分类。研究了4期杭州湾滨海湿地的利用状况、面积,以及时空格局变化情况,研究显示:1987~2009年期间,杭州湾滨海湿地主要表现为滩涂湿地的逐年减少和库塘湿地的逐年增加;1995年之前湿地变化以自然驱动力为主,之后人类活动影响明显,对近海域、滩涂不断开发,尤以南岸为主;以杭州湾湿地公园为典型的沼泽草甸湿地得到了较好的保护。     

近30年来河西走廊湿地变化及其机理初探

应用4个时相的卫星遥感数据,对河西走廊的湿地进行了遥感动态监测。结果表明,河西走廊1973年、1990年、2000年及2006年前后的湿地面积分别为14 132.38 km2、13 299.44 km2、12 519.88 km2和12 312.38 km2,近30 a来减少了12.88%(共1 820.00 km2),动态度为-0.39%。其中,自然湿地资源不断减少,减少速率不断加大,以沼泽湿地减少最为显著;人工湿地面积持续增加,特别是近年来增加迅速,湿地斑块数和斑块密度增加,破碎化程度加大;多样性指数和均匀度指数持续上升,各湿地类型比例差异减小,各类湿地分布趋于均匀。气温、降水、青藏高原隆升等自然因素是河西走廊湿地变化的重要原因,而人类活动加剧了这一变化趋势。     

湖泊碳循环研究中遥感技术的机遇与挑战

湖泊碳循环是全球碳循环过程中的重要环节,随着全球碳循环研究的不断深入,湖泊碳循环对全球碳循环的影响,以及其对全球气候变化的调节作用越来越受到关注.然而,由于湖泊分布的破碎性(大于0.002 km2的湖泊约有1.17×108个,并零星地分布在全球)和多样性(流域生态多样性,湖泊类型多样性,分布的气候带多样性等),使得全面...     

海河流域湿地格局变化分析

利用遥感和GIS技术,制作了海河流域1980年、1990年、2000年和2007年4期湿地分布图,分析了湿地格局变化过程与区域气候变化以及人类活动的影响.结果表明:(1)流域内天然湿地面积萎缩趋势明显,由1980年的5360 km2降至2007年的4331 km2;人工湿地面积先增加后减小,由1980年的3492 km...     

Snow Cover Monitoring in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Based on Chinese Fengyun-3/VIRR Data

Snow cover monitoring in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is very important to global climate change research. Because of the geographic distribution of ground meteorological stations in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is too sparse, satellite remote sensing became the only choice for snow cover monitoring in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, multi-channel data from Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) on Chinese polar orbiting meteorological satellites Fengyun-3(FY-3) are utilized for snow cover monitoring, in this work, the distribution of snow cover is extracted from the normalized difference snow index(NDSI), and the multi-channel threshold from the brightness temperature difference in infrared channels. Then, the monitoring results of FY-3A and FY-3B are combined to generate the daily composited snow cover product. Finally, the snow cover products from MODIS and FY-3 are both verified by snow depth of meteorological station observations, result shows that the FY-3 products and MODIS products are basically consistent, the overall accuracy of FY-3 products is higher than MODIS products by nearly 1 %. And the cloud coverage rate of FY-3 products is less than MODIS by 2.64 %. This work indicates that FY-3/VIRR data can be reliable data sources for monitoring snow cover in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

Improved coastal wetland mapping using very-high 2-meter spatial resolution imagery

Accurate wetland maps are a fundamental requirement for land use management and for wetland restoration planning. Several wetland map products are available today; most of them based on remote sensing images, but their different data sources and mapping methods lead to substantially different estimations of wetland location and extent. We used two very high-resolution (2 m) WorldView-2 satellite images and one (30 m) Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image to assess wetland coverage in two coastal areas of Tampa Bay (Florida): Fort De Soto State Park and Weedon Island Preserve. An initial unsupervised classification derived from WorldView-2 was more accurate at identifying wetlands based on ground truth data collected in the field than the classification derived from Landsat 8 OLI (82% vs. 46% accuracy). The WorldView-2 data was then used to define the parameters of a simple and efficient decision tree with four nodes for a more exacting classification. The criteria for the decision tree were derived by extracting radiance spectra at 1500 separate pixels from the WorldView-2 data within field-validated regions. Results for both study areas showed high accuracy in both wetland (82% at Fort De Soto State Park, and 94% at Weedon Island Preserve) and non-wetland vegetation classes (90% and 83%, respectively). Historical, published land-use maps overestimate wetland surface cover by factors of 2–10 in the study areas. The proposed methods improve speed and efficiency of wetland map production, allow semi-annual monitoring through repeat satellite passes, and improve the accuracy and precision with which wetlands are identified.     

基于EOS/MODIS若尔盖高原地区湿地信息提取及变化监测

以若尔盖高原地区为研究区,利用多时相中分辨率成像光谱仪MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)遥感影像数据,采用基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时间序列谐波分析方法,对2001~2013年夏季的MODIS/NDVI和MODIS/EVI进行重构,去除云干扰,采用决策树分类方法获取若尔盖高原地区2001~2013年夏季湿地信息的分布数据并作统计。结果表明:基于EOS/MODIS遥感数据,采用决策树分类方法获取若尔盖高原地区的湿地信息数据是可行的;若尔盖高原地区的湿地面积是随年际的变化呈锐减趋势,若尔盖高原地区湿地的退化主要是受到近年来气候暖干化的影响,人类活动则加剧了湿地萎缩及退化的趋势。     

环渤海滨海湿地时空格局变化遥感监测与分析

基于多期Landsat TM 等遥感数据, 采用目视解译和实地样点采集相互支撑的方法, 完成了环渤海 地区2000 年、2005 年及2008 年湿地提取和分类; 运用单一类型变化率模型、区域动态度模型和动态转移矩 阵, 揭示了环渤海湿地的时空格局、变化特点和驱动机制。研究显示环渤海地区的8 类湿地中, 属于人工湿 地类型的盐场和水库坑塘面积比例大且近8 年增长速度也最快, 年均分别增加205.52 km2 和146.10 km2, 滩 地和海涂减少最明显; 环渤海地区的三大流域中, 黄河流域湿地变化最显     

基于遥感数据的森林火灾监测研究概述

研究和总结了遥感数据在森林火灾监测中的应用,研究对象主要是NOAA和MODIS,内容包括遥感监测火灾的原理、基于2种数据的森林火灾监测算法以及目前的研究现状。最终得出结论:MODIS数据在林火监测的准确率和定位精度等方面较NOAA卫星有较大的提高,动态监测具有较好的应用前景。     

Comparison and assessment of NDVI time series for seasonal wetland classification

Satellite-based wetland mapping faces challenges due to the high spatial heterogeneity and dynamic characteristics of seasonal wetlands. Although normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series (NTS) shows great potential in land cover mapping and crop classification, the effectiveness of various NTS with different spatial and temporal resolution has not been evaluated for seasonal wetland classification. To address this issue, we conducted comparisons of those NTS, including the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) NTS with 500?m resolution, NTS fused with MODIS and Landsat data (MOD_LC8-NTS), and HJ-1 NDVI compositions (HJ-1-NTS) with finer resolution, for wetland classification of Poyang Lake. Results showed the following: (1) the NTS with finer resolution was more effective in the classification of seasonal wetlands than that of the MODIS-NTS with 500-m resolution and (2) generally, the HJ-1-NTS performed better than that of the fused NTS, with an overall accuracy of 88.12% for HJ-1-NTS and 83.09% for the MOD_LC8-NTS. Future work should focus on the construction of satellite image time series oriented to highly dynamic characteristics of seasonal wetlands. This study will provide useful guidance for seasonal wetland classification, and benefit the improvements of spatiotemporal fusion models.     

河流湖泊湿地边界定位中遥感影像时相选择方法

选择高分遥感影像的时相是利用高分遥感影像精确定位湖泊河流湿地自然边界的关键问题之一。在没有或缺少水文观测数据的情况下,依据河流湖泊湿地的定义,本文提出了一种用于河流湖泊湿地边界定位的高分遥感影像时相快速选择方法,试验结果表明该方法合理、准确、有效。     

基于CART决策树的高分二号洞庭湖区湿地分类方法

高分卫星遥感湿地分类的关键在于解决“同物异谱、异物同谱”难题。本文将当前应用前景广泛的亚米级国产高分二号（GF-2）影像和CART决策树面向对象分类算法相结合,以湖南沅江为例进行洞庭湖区典型湿地的分类提取工作,选取包括光谱信息、几何特征、地形特征和纹理特征等多维对象特征对分类器进行训练,构建了多维特征湿地分类方法。试验区总体分类精度优于传统方法,可为基于GF-2影像的洞庭湖湿地分类提供技术参考。     

利用Radarsat-2极化雷达数据探测湿地地表特征与分类

利用新型的Radarsat-2极化雷达数据,结合极化雷达目标分解方法提取鄱阳湖湿地不同地表类型的极化特征量,并进行了Wishart非监督和监督分类,取得了较高的精度.研究表明,Radarsat-2卫星的全天候极化雷达成像能力将在湿地监测和制图中有较大的应用潜力.     

Total Water Storage in Small Islands Using Multi-satellite Products: The case of Cyprus

The world’s longest international undersea water pipeline has recently been laid from southern Turkey to Northern Cyprus to address the water scarcity problems in the Cyprus Island. When completed, the project will add 19.8 million gallons of water annually for drinking and irrigation. Moreover, it will spur further development in the Turkish area divided from Greek community for four decades. Under such circumstances, satellite remote sensing provides a unique tool to evaluate the water policy for the entire island. The objective of this study is, therefore, to examine the potential of satellite-based remote sensing hydrologic models covering a small-scale Mediterranean island, which is under drought conditions. Satellite-based measurements such as GRACE (total water storage), TRMM (precipitation) and MODIS (evapotranspiration) data over a 1°–1° grid together with related information from global hydrological model, specifically WGHM and GLDAS, were collected for this purpose.     

MODIS LAI产品真实性检验与偏差分析

当前对MODIS LAI产品的真实性检验工作中,更多的是关注遥感产品在数值与趋势上与地表真值的一致性程度,很少工作能够全面分析遥感LAI产品偏差来源以及不同来源的偏差对全局偏差的贡献率。本文在对MODIS LAI产品进行真实性检验基础之上,进一步分析了MODIS LAI产品偏差来源。将遥感产品真实性检验偏差来源分解为反演模型,反射率数据和冠层聚集效应3个方面,并定量分析各个偏差源对真实性检验结果的影响。以河北省怀来玉米为研究对象,结合实测LAI数据和Landsat 8 OLI(Operational Land Imager)数据建立NDVI LAI半经验模型,得到LAI参考数据,据此对MODIS LAI产品进行真实性检验及偏差分析。研究表明,该区域MODIS LAI产品存在明显的低估现象,参考数据和MODIS LAI数据均值分别为3.53 m2/m2和2.33 m2/m2,MODIS产品低估为34.14%。在各个偏差因素中,反射率数据的差异对结果影响最大,即MODIS地表反射率数据与Landsat 8 OLI地表反射率数据的差异造成的偏差占总偏差的57.50%;聚集效应的影响次之,占总偏差的28.33%;模型差异对结果的影响最小,占总偏差的14.17%。本研究对遥感产品真实性检验及其不确定性分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

胶州湾湿地时空演化遥感分析与质量评价

胶州湾湿地是山东半岛面积最大的河口海湾型湿地,对于完善青岛城市生态功能具有重要意义。通过对胶州湾区域2003,2007和2011年3个时相SPOT-5卫星遥感数据的解译,得到相应年份的分类后影像,在此基础上计算各个地物类型的面积,得到胶州湾湿地核心区、实验区和缓冲区的面积变化图表以及相应区域地物类型的组成架构和质量评价系数。分析结果表明:胶州湾湿地的面积变化与质量变化并不一致,其湿地面积呈下降趋势,湿地质量在2003~2007年呈现下降趋势,而在2007~2011年却有所回升,这是由人为因素和自然因素共同影响导致的,其中人为因素占主导。     

From global to local: Testing the potential of cross-scaling in global data sets

The present study investigates the potential of readily available and easily accessible global data sets to understand regional/local level interactions in wetland systems. The biogeographical zones of India were used a base-frame to select three sites. The study well fits the interests of National Wetland Committee of India to investigate and document fundamental information on wetland extent/distribution. The national partnership with SACON represents this interest. SACON commenced the inland wetland inventory module at national scale using geospatial data, although the provincial scale analysis is underway. In addition, the global irrigated area mapping (GIAM-IWMI) project generated multi-scalar spatial outputs for irrigated/rain-fed areas. With the existing information base, a multi-level geospatial analysis using Arc GIS algorithmic modelling was used to derive comprehensive appraisal of wetland systems complementing the data from GIAM and SACON. It was observed that the overlap between the two layers was 58 percent for Gujarat and 10 percent in Tamil Nadu. In Krishna basin the wetland’s cover 1.04 million hectare excluding the rice agro-ecosystem. The difference in the biogeography of the case sites governs the gradient of information derived from both data layers. Additionally, the global lakes and wetlands database (GLWD) database added thematic information on coastal wetlands. In summary we describe the cross-scaling the global data layers to compliment the regional/national level monitoring assignments.