孟加拉湾中部沉积物地球化学特征及其古海洋学意义

本文通过分析柱状沉积物E87-32B孔的稀土元素组成特征，探讨该孔陆源沉积物的源区，并进一步判别其ΣREE含量变化的古环境意义。结果显示，E87-32B孔沉积物的ΣREE含量为150.2～180.2μg/g。在经上地壳稀土元素标准化后，沉积物的稀土元素配分模式具有明显的Eu负异常，这与恒河-布拉马普特拉河源区最为接近，证实研究区的沉积物主要来源于恒河-布拉马普特拉河。沉积物的ΣREE含量与(Gd/Lu)_UCC表明研究区存在少量印度半岛与伊洛瓦底江物质的输入。沉积物的ΣREE含量整体上表现出冰期-间冰期的变化特征。在冷期MIS 2阶段减弱的印度夏季风导致喜马拉雅系统降雨与侵蚀速率的降低，从而引起恒河-布拉马普特拉河源区的供给量减少，因此ΣREE含量处于低值区间，而在暖期MIS 1阶段则是与之相反的过程。     

斯里兰卡普塔拉姆地区ZK593号钻孔沉积物的地球化学特征及意义

根据岩性、主微量元素特征和元素比值分析,斯里兰卡普塔拉姆地区ZK593钻孔的沉积物可分为6段。它们分别沉积于温暖潮湿、水动力较强的浅海-滨海相环境,经历了3次明显的海水进退。各层北美页岩标准化曲线平缓,轻重稀土元素没有明显的分异,Ce轻度亏损,球粒陨石标准化曲线斜率为负,轻稀土元素相对富集,各层Eu亏损明显,Ce轻度亏损,表明沉积物属于受陆源影响的陆棚沉积物。Ce负异常与碳酸盐沉积及气候环境有关。元素相关系数分析表明,Ca和Sr与生物作用关系明显;ΣREE与Al₂O₃和SiO₂等微量元素与陆源碎屑关系密切。δ¹⁸ O 的负向偏移与沉积后地下水的作用有关。     

吉林省桦甸油页岩中稀土元素和微量元素的研究

对桦甸油页岩及其灰渣的矿物成分、主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量进行测定。结果表明：油页岩中稀土元素含量低于北美页岩(NASC)中的平均含量,REE球粒陨石标准化的分布模式曲线表现为负斜率,(La/Yb)_N的平均值大于1,属于轻稀土富集型;REE北美页岩标准化的分布模式曲线较平缓,（La/Yb）_S的平均值接近于1,轻重稀土分馏不明显。与球粒陨石和北美页岩相比,Eu有较严重的正异常。油页岩中的微量元素与北美页岩和地壳的平均值相比较,Sb、Nb、Cs、Zn、Bi、W等元素具有较高的富集度。油页岩灰渣中稀土元素和微量元素富集度均高于油页岩。     

黄河三角洲滨海湿地表层土壤稀土元素分布特征

通过对黄河三角洲北部滨海湿地49个站位表层土壤样的稀土元素(REE)分布特征及其生态效应的研究,笔者认为:研究区表层土壤ΣREE含量为143.14~251.78mg/kg,平均含量为182.98mg/kg;REE分馏程度均低于黄河流域沉积物和长江流域沉积物的REE分馏程度;研究区δEu和δCe与黄河流域和长江流域沉积物亦有一定差异。REE经球粒陨石和北美页岩标准化后显示,研究区表层土壤与现代黄河流域沉积物的REE总体配分曲线相近,但其REE的总体含量均高于黄河流域沉积物中REE的含量,尤其HREE更为明显;不同植被区,表层土壤中ΣREE、LREE平均含量均为芦苇地<光滩<柽柳地<翅碱蓬地,而HREE平均含量为芦苇地<翅碱蓬地<柽柳地<光滩,其分馏程度芦苇地<光滩<柽柳地<翅碱蓬地,δEu和δCe平均值亦相对较低,推测可能在湿地,特别是芦苇地里REE更多地参与了生物地球化学循环。     

南海北部陆坡高速堆积体沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源意义

对南海北部陆坡MD05-2905站9个沉积物样品稀土元素进行分析,结果显示MD05-2905站沉积物中稀土含量总量(ΣREE)变化范围较大,其分布范围为60.66×10-6～350.37×10-6,平均值为174.59×10-6,其中全新世样品的稀土含量总量明显低于末次冰期样品,其球粒陨石分布模式与上地壳基本一致。对比发现,其ΣREE平均值相对接近中国黄土和珠江口,而与深海粘土中稀土元素的丰度相差较大,说明其主体可能来自陆源。稀土元素分馏参数δEu和δCe以及富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)揭示南海北部MD05-2905站沉积物与黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩都有联系,显示了多物源多传输方式的特征。另外发现富集因子(EF)和判别函数(DF)数值在末次冰期时期与全新世时期差别相对较大,末次冰期时期黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩的DF值都远远小于全新世时期,这可能反映末次冰期时黄土、珠江口和台湾浅滩对南海北部的物源贡献更大,也反映末次冰期与全新世期间各个物源供给/传输方式可能发生变化。     

华北北部中元古界洪水庄组物源和沉积环境分析

为探讨华北地区中元古界洪水庄组黑色泥页岩物源和沉积环境,采集了燕辽地区清河剖面洪水庄组样品,进行元素地球化学测试和分析。结果表明:洪水庄组沉积物来源不仅有陆源碎屑物质,还有海水沉积物贡献。Y/Ho和ΣREE交会图版分析认为海水沉积物来源占比为10%~20%。此外,稀土元素分布模式以及Ce和Eu异常表明沉积物来源有火山热液活动的参与。Mo-EF/U-EF分析结果表明洪水庄为海洋非滞留海盆沉积环境,氧化还原条件在沉积期发生了演变:在洪一段沉积时期,水体还原程度强,为厌氧-硫化环境;洪二段沉积时期,水体还原程度降低,为贫氧-厌氧环境。分析认为洪水庄组物源组成和沉积环境演变与沉积构造背景密切相关。     

南海表层沉积物的稀土和微量元素的丰度及其空间变化

对南海表层沉积物中稀土元素、微量元素丰度和分布特征的研究结果表明,在空间分布上,∑REE与Nb、,Th、Ta、Rb、Ti、Zr、Hf、Cs、Ga、Li等相似,呈显著正相关,反映出这些元素在风化、搬运和沉积过程中地球化学行为非常相似;元素Sr几乎与所有元素都呈负相关,指示其来源或存在形式不同于其他元素,主要来源于生物作用,而在粗粒级的钙质生物贝壳和碎屑中富集.∑REE与Nb、Th、Ta、Rb、Ti、Zr、Hf、Cs、Ga、Li在陆架区具有沿陆分带特点,北部陆架区、中南半岛中东部和加里曼丹岛西北部沿大陆区域富集,与该区陆源河流物质输入及海流的分选作用,造成某些富含稀土和微量元素的重砂矿的富集有关;西南部巽他陆架和东南部岛礁区以及中、西沙附近区域含量较低,与该区域的生源碳酸盐的稀释作用,使粘土矿物相对减少和火山物质对其产生的“稀释“作用有关.南海各海区沉积物和全海区表层沉积物平均值的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式,总体上与中国大陆沉积物和浅海沉积物相似,而与大洋玄武岩完全不同,反映了南海沉积物与中国浅海沉积物及中国大陆沉积物的物源大致相同,主要来自陆源.南海各海区沉积物稀土元素的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线仍表现出了一定差异,陆架区轻稀土比重稀土明显富集,存在比较明显的Eu负异常,与陆架区相比较,陆坡区和海盆区则轻稀土含量相对降低,重稀土含量有所上升,LREE/HREE从陆架区、陆坡区到海盆区逐渐降低,显示陆架区主要为陆源,而陆坡和海盆沉积物中则有幔源物质加入.稀土元素的大陆壳标准化配分模式大部分较为平坦,少数样品呈轻稀土弱富集型或重稀土弱富集型.说明南海海表层沉积物主要来源于周边大陆.从各海区沉积物稀土元素的大陆壳标准化配分曲线对比来看,陆架区表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损,具一定的铕负异常,深部海盆区则出现明显的中稀土和重稀土的富集,铕异常变弱,与深部海盆区有基性火山物质的加入的地质事实相吻合.南海表层沉积物稀土元素和微量元素总体上呈现出以陆源沉积为主的特征.其元素平均丰度和各参数值都比较接近陆源河流和中国浅海沉积物,而与深海沉积物和大洋玄武岩差别显著,显示南海沉积物虽然受到火山沉积和生物沉积的混合作用的影响,但其物质源仍然主要来自于周缘大陆.     

稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式及其意义

稀土元素所具有的内潜同晶现象,可将其14个元素则可视为一个元素,而其它稀土元素视为其同位素,其在地质作用过程中,将像同位素一样,存在分馏。按照同位素的分馏模式,以球粒陨石值作为标准,计算出每一个稀土元素的分馏值,其值按δREE=[(REE/ΣREE)样品/(REE/ΣREE)球粒陨石-1]×100计算,以此为纵坐标,以原子序数为横坐标,作一个模式图,这种模式图称为稀土元素内潜同晶分馏模式图。该模式图在岩石成因,特别是岩浆岩的成因、岩浆岩的演化等方面有其独特的意义。     

云南墨江金矿热水喷流沉积成岩成矿的地质地球化学证据

在墨江金矿区发现了两个热水喷流沉积旋回，赋矿地层烂山段出露的硅质岩和（黄铁矿）硫化物岩具有低TiO2,Al2O3和富含As,Sb,Au,Ag,Hg含量特征，稀土元素具有总量低，轻稀土总量高于重稀土特征，其球粒陨石标准化模式为向右倾曲线，大多数样品具有负Eu异常；而其北美页岩标准化曲线向左倾，在SiO2-Al2O3,Al-Fe-Mn和Al2O3-TFeO-CaO等地球化学图解上，大多数样品位于热水沉积区，当样品中含有火山角砾成分时偏离热水沉积区，研究表明硅质岩和（黄铁矿）硫化物岩主要由热水喷流沉积形成的，再结合矿床地质特征，认为墨江金矿存在早期热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用，形成了矿化或低品位矿石，并可能与下伏火山喷发有关，这为墨江金矿的成因研究和进一步找矿开辟新的思路。     

曼达岬海盆渐新世-中新世沉积物的稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义

为了探究东南印度洋曼达岬海盆(Mentelle Basin)内沉积物的源-汇过程,利用国际大洋发现计划(IODP)369航次在该海盆内获取的渐新世-中新世岩心沉积物,进行了稀土元素(REE)组成特征及其控制因素和物源指示意义的研究.结果显示,与球粒陨石、上地壳(UCC)和澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)这三种标准物质相比,所研究沉积物的稀土元素含量(ΣREE)与轻/重稀土含量比值(ΣLREE/ΣHREE)等总体特征与UCC最为相近,其UCC标准化后的稀土元素配分模式则呈现出轻稀土稍富集的整体平缓特征.样品的ΣREE与稀土分馏指标(La/Yb)_UCC和(Gd/Yb)_UCC明显受控于粒度效应与风化作用,而ΣLREE/ΣHREE、δEu、(La/Sm)_UCC和(Sm/Nd)_UCC则基本不受上述两种作用的影响.UCC标准化后的稀土元素配分模式、基于稀土元素组成的物源判别函数以及Zr-Th-Sc物源判别三角图均表明伊尔冈克拉通是所研究沉积物最可能的物源区,并且该物源区的主要源岩在13 Ma时由中基性岩向酸性岩...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)