三维激光扫描在建设工程竣工规划核实中的应用研究

本文介绍了建设工程竣工规划核实的主要方式,阐述了测量在竣工规划核实中的重要性,及目前核实方式中存在的问题.然后,针对三维激光扫描的技术原理,分析了三维激光扫描技术在竣工规划核实中应用的可行性,并通过对控制点布设、点云配准、建筑物特征点提取等技术方法的研究,实现了三维激光扫描在竣工规划核实中的应用,具有一定理论意义和实用价值.     

三维激光扫描仪和车载移动测量系统在工程测量中的应用

根据规划部门对市政道路、桥梁及隧道等基础设施竣工后的管理要求,以及满足项目绿化等工作量的结算,本文将地面和车载三维激光扫描技术相结合,辅以常规测量手段做补充,以双碑大桥及连接隧道工程竣工测量为实例,讨论了三维激光扫描技术在规划核实测量中的应用。通过三维激光扫描技术获取的激光点云数据,为数字化城市建设和可视化管理提供了数据基础。     

三维激光扫描技术在异形建筑规划条件核实测量中的应用

针对常规方法对异形建筑进行规划条件核实测量时效率低的问题,以广州市第三少年宫为例,提出了利用三维激光扫描技术进行规划条件核实测量的新思路.结果表明,基于激光点云数据对异形建筑进行规划条件核实测量的技术是可行的,能有效加快规划部门行政审批效率.     

地面三维激光扫描技术在工程测量中的应用

介绍了当前地面三维激光扫描技术的应用情况,阐明了地面三维激光扫描技术的基本原理。提出了固定式地面三维激光扫描技术在工程测量实际生产应用中工艺流程,系统论述了该技术在地形图测绘、土方量计算、道路测量、三维建模等方面应用方法。总结该技术与传统测绘方式相比较的优缺点,及其在精细三维建模和复杂工业设备建模方面的成果。基于移动式地面三维激光扫描技术试验结果,提出可在道路测绘中应用的结论。探讨地面三维激光扫描技术今后的应用方向和前景,为该技术在城市工程测量中的应用提供借鉴参考。     

三维激光扫描技术在房产测量中的应用研究

在分析三维激光扫描技术和现有房产测量方式的基础上,结合宁波市梅山岛某曲面异型建筑房产测量的实际情况,提出三维激光扫描技术在房产测量中的解决方案。通过该工程项目的具体应用,展现了三维激光扫描技术在异型房产测量中的良好应用前景。     

三维激光扫描技术在古建筑测绘中的应用

三维激光扫描测绘技术在古建筑测绘中的应用已渐趋成熟。全文介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,详细介绍了建立市政府6号楼三维模型的应用步骤,通过与传统测量手段获取的数据相比较,充分肯定了该技术在古建筑测绘类项目中应用的可行性及优势,三维激光扫描测绘技术在古建筑测量领域具有巨大的技术优势和应用价值。     

三维激光扫描技术在船体型线测量中的应用

应用三维激光扫描技术对船体型线测量进行试验研究,首先介绍传统型线测量的方法和难点。然后根据型线测量要求,提出了三维激光扫描技术在船体型线测量中的技术方案,通过三维激光扫描技术获取船体曲面海量点云数据,建立三维模型并提取船体型线。最后通过案例实施和成果分析表明,三维激光扫描技术能够满足船体型线测量的基本要求,有效降低工作强度,提高工作效率,保证项目进度,技术方案具有可行性。     

三维激光扫描技术在西宁市城市地下空间测量中的应用

为验证三维激光扫描技术在西宁市城市地下空间测量中的适用性,探讨了其应用过程的流程和方法,用坐标对比法评定了三维激光扫描系统的精度。结果表明:三维激光扫描系统的平面精度达到0.032 m,符合城市测量规范要求,说明三维激光扫描技术在城市地下空间测量中具有很好的适用性,可以推广应用。     

基于车载三维激光扫描的地形图数据采集的研究

文章从三维激光扫描仪在测量中的作用入手,重点介绍了三维激光扫描技术在国内的应用现状,并与传统数据采集方式进行了比较。结合应用实例将三维激光扫描技术应用于大比例尺地形图测量,运用这项技术进行外业数据采集,与传统全站仪数据采集进行了精度比较。结果表明了三维激光扫描技术方案能够克服传统测量方式缺点,保证测绘数据质量,能够提高作业效率。     

三维激光扫描技术应用于滑坡监测的主要误差分析

三维激光扫描测量技术是目前国际上最先进、最前沿的获取地面空间三维数据的测量技术之一。三维激光扫描技术应用于滑坡监测,具有速度快、精度高、主动性强、实时显示滑坡变化及滑坡量等优点,同时可以极大降低滑坡监测的成本。针对三维激光扫描技术应用于滑坡监测的主要误差来源进行研究,分析了应用于滑坡监测的测量控制措施,提高了观测可靠性和精度。结果表明,三维激光扫描测量技术在滑坡监测中具有广泛的应用前景。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。