基于Kalman滤波的高耸建筑物沉降预测模型研究

为了提高高耸建筑物沉降监测数据的可信性与实时预测的准确性,利用小波分析与Kalman滤波在数据处理方面的优势,采用小波分析先对沉降数据进行去噪,并采用Kalman滤波理论进行预测。通过实验数据的对比分析,结合小波去噪分析与Kalman滤波理论对原始沉降变形量进行沉降预测,能克服只使用单一Kalman滤波方法进行沉降预测中噪声处理的不足,验证了小波分析及结合Kalman滤波理论进行沉降预测的可行性,且预测精度比较高。     

基于小波分析的Kalman滤波动态变形模型研究

对GPS动态形变测量信号的性质进行了分析 ,采用小波分析对GPS动态变形数据滤波、变形特征提取和不同变形频率分离。与Kalman滤波方法相结合 ,首次提出基于小波分析的Kalman滤波动态变形分析模型 ,研究其参数设计和算法 ,并用MATLAB与C语言在微机上编程实现。对比大坝实测数据的处理结果可知 ,通过对原始观测值进行小波分析与Kalman滤波的联合处理 ,能克服只使用单一方法进行GPS数据噪声处理的不足。     

极大似然估计自适应Kalman滤波在变形监测中的应用研究

针对传统Kalman无法应对非线性变形系统中先验模型不准确或时变导致性能降低的问题,在变形监测数据降噪应用中引入基于极大似然准则的自适应Kalman滤波方法。建立观测噪声方差阵自适应估计(Res-R)和系统过程噪声方差阵自适应估计(Scale-Q)的自适应Kalman模型,并在应用中为解决信息序列不准确致使过程噪声Q扰动较大的问题,提出了基于信息序列方差调整因子的改进Scale-Q自适应滤波。工程实例数据分析结果表明,Res-R和改进Scale-Q模型降噪效果均优于传统Kalman滤波模型。     

抗差多速率模型与抗差自适应Kalman滤波性能对比

将IGGIII抗差方案与小波变换相结合,通过高频小波系数对粗差进行探测,用局部预测值对其进行替代;并将观测数据的多速率信息抽取用于状态估计,建立抗差多速率模型,将其应用于工程建筑物的变形监测数据处理中。通过与抗差自适应Kalman滤波的结果对比,表明了抗差多速率模型具有抵御多种粗差的能力;对观测数据中的信息进行了有效利用,使得滤波估计的精度高于抗差自适应Kalman滤波。     

改进的Sage—Husa自适应滤波在GPS动态导航定位中的应用

本文利用Kalman滤波方法对动态测量进行数据处理,由于高动态的GPS测量,不易确定系统动态噪声和观测噪声.同时标准的Kalman滤波在应用过程中由于状态模型确定的误差存在,滤波效果不佳.因此本文结合动态导航的实时性和高动态性,建立了动态导航系统中滤波状态方程和观测方程,采用改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波对来进行实时定位数据处理,利用已有测量数据进行了实例分析.改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波在计算过程中计算量小,结果稳定,有较强的自适应性.     

Kalman滤波在高铁桥梁变形预测分析中的应用

针对高速铁路桥梁架梁后许多沉降变形点沉降量级较小,变形曲线呈现＂小量级,大波动＂特点,观测数据中可能存在大量的随机噪声,对沉降变形分析产生干扰,影响预测结果的可信度,本文将Kalman滤波引入到高速铁路桥梁变形分析数据预处理中,建立基于Kalman滤波的动态模糊神经网络模型。通过应用实例分析表明,基于Kalman滤波的动态模糊神经网络模型的预测精度有所改善,具有一定的优势。     

导航卫星原子钟Kalman滤波中噪声方差-协方差的确定

用Kalman滤波实时监测卫星钟运行状况,需要确定Kalman滤波协方差阵。首先介绍适用于铷钟的Kalman滤波方程,推导基于哈达玛总方差的Kalman滤波过程噪声参数和观测噪声估计方法,并在此基础上构造Kalman滤波状态噪声协方差阵和观测噪声协方差阵。利用GPSBlockIIR铷钟事后处理的采样间隔为5min的精密钟差数据进行了预报分析,结果表明,当预报时间为1h时,预报精度在1ns左右;当预报时间为6h时,预报精度在(8～9)ns之间。进一步验证Kalman滤波协方差阵估计方法的正确性。     

GNSS RTK技术下超高层结构的动态变形监测

以天津电视塔为监测对象,设计了基于GNSS RTK技术的超高层结构动态变形监测系统,并进行了强风下的现场试验。试验中同时采用双星座组合导航系统和三星座组合导航系统进行监测,并对监测数据进行了对比。采用Kalman滤波方法,使用Matlab软件编制的程序对监测数据进行处理分析,得到测点的振动轨迹及结构的主振方向和振动曲线。结果表明,GNSS RTK技术结合Kalman滤波用于超高层动态变形监测及其数据处理分析是可行的;由于北斗导航系统的应用,三星座组合导航系统可见卫星数目大大增加,坐标中误差及PDOP值也相应减小,动态变形监测的精度和稳定性也得到了大大提高。     

一种迭代的GPS／INS组合导航滤波算法

简要介绍了GPS/INS松组合导航系统状态方程和观测方程。针对标准Kalman滤波算法存在的状态方程截断误差、噪声统计特性的不确定性以及状态扰动异常的影响,给出了一种应用于GPS/INS组合导航系统的迭代滤波算法。该算法采用迭代策略,不断利用观测信息实时修正状态预报值。实测数据计算结果表明,通过对状态预报值的实时修正,该算法能够很好地抑制状态预报信息的不确定性和扰动异常等对导航解的影响。其滤波解精度明显优于标准Kalman滤波。     

一种迭代的GPS/INS组合导航滤波算法

简要介绍了GPS/INS松组合导航系统状态方程和观测方程.针对标准Kalman滤波算法存在的状态方程截断误差、噪声统计特性的不确定性以及状态扰动异常的影响,给出了一种应用于GPS/INS组合导航系统的迭代滤波算法.该算法采用迭代策略,不断利用观测信息实时修正状态预报值.实测数据计算结果表明,通过对状态预报值的实时修正,该算法能够很好地抑制状态预报信息的不确定性和扰动异常等对导航解的影响.其滤波解精度明显优于标准Kalman滤波.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。