地表覆盖解译及应用研究

地理国情监测在全国范围内逐步展开,地表覆盖作为地理国情监测的基础数据之一,是地理国情监测的一个重要方面;遥感影像具有实时、获取快速等特点,用于地理国情监测中具有较大的优势。本文从遥感数据解译、地表覆盖数据处理、与经济数据相结合的分析方法等,研究了地表覆盖变化与经济发展的相互关系,充分利用地表覆盖数据为经济发展的政策制定提供依据。     

地理国情监测中变化监测若干技术问题研究

针对地理国情监测中变化监测技术问题,从基于遥感数据的地表覆盖变化监测与地表形变监测两个方面展开研究,综合分析了各技术的发展现状和特点。结合地理国情监测使用的数据源以及地理国情普查构建的本底数据库成果优势,总结了各优化算法在地理国情监测中的应用模式和工艺流程,并提出了以分类前直接比较法进行地表覆盖变化监测和以小基线集差分干涉测量进行地表形变监测的技术路线,为地理国情相关监测工作提供技术参考。     

地理国情普查外业调查与核查探讨

地理国情普查主要是查清我国地形地貌、地表覆盖等自然和人文地理要素的现状和空间分布情况,建立普查成果数据库,为开展常态化的国情监测奠定基础。正确理解吉林省地理国情普查技术设计和作业指导书,以及国情普查的内容与指标,进行外业核查与遥感影像解译样本采集工作,为最终形成地理国情要素数据、地表覆盖分类数据和遥感影像解译样本数据库奠定基础。     

基于GF-2卫星数据的国情普查地表覆盖解译研究

以广东某地地理国情普查地表覆盖解译为例,阐述了利用eCognition(易康)软件对高分二号卫星遥感影像进行分类解译,并结合ArcGIS软件作对比分析,对地表覆盖解译的数据进行精度评定。结果表明,利用eCognition(易康)软件对地表覆盖解译的数据精度准、效率高,适合大规模的高分卫星数据的地表覆盖数据解译。     

地理国情普查外业调查技术要求

地理国情外业调查是地理国情普查工作十分重要的工作内容,是保证地理国情普查数据质量的关键环节。外业调查是对采集的地理国情要素和解译的地表覆盖分类成果以及内业无法定性的类型、边界和属性进行实地调查,同时采集遥感影像样本数据,为最终形成地理国情要素数据、地表覆盖分类数据成果和遥感影像解译样本数据库提供基础。     

面向地理国情监测的变化图斑自动提取方法

地理国情监测是自然资源监测体系中的一项专题监测,主要是监测地表覆盖变化情况,以满足自然资源管理的需要.地理国情监测的首要工作是识别变化信息,仅依靠人工判读识别效率太低.针对地理国情监测的特点,提出基于前期地表覆盖矢量数据的多特征融合面向对象变化检测方法.先利用地表覆盖矢量图斑对预处理后的影像进行多尺度分割,再利用影像强...     

地理国情监测“十二五”六大任务

1.航空航天遥感影像数据获取 统筹国内外航空航天遥感影像数据获取能力,获取满足要求的航空航天遥感影像,包括航空航天光学遥感数据、SAR数据、机载LiDAR数据等,为开展重要地理国情信息普查、重要地理国情信息全国性监测和典型地理国情信息监测提供数据. 2.重要地理国情信息普查 整合、分析现有基础地理信息数据及相关专业部门数据,开展地形地貌、地表覆盖、地理界线等重要地理国情信息普查.形成重要地理国情普查成果,构建统一时点、标准一致的地理国情本底数据库.基于地理国情本底数据库,进行地理国情普查信息统计分析与汇总,为重要地理国情信息全国性监测和典型地理国情信息监测提供基础.     

高分七号卫星在基础性地理国情监测中的应用

为准确评估高分七号卫星在基础性地理监测中的适用性,本文以高分七号卫星搭载的两线阵立体相机获取的亚米级卫星数据为数据源,结合当前基础性地理国情监测的业务流程与标准规范,采用定性与定量分析评价方法,从该数据源的原始数据质量、影像处理效果、影像对各地表覆盖类型的解译能力等方面进行评价,探索利用高分七号开展基础性地理国情监测的关键技术流程与方法。测试结果表明：利用高分七号该类型数据源开展基础性地理国情监测,其原始数据质量较优、正射影像精度高、可有效识别各地表覆盖类型,完全可以满足基础性地理国情监测对亚米级高分辨率卫星影像数据源的需求。     

基于遥感的地理国情普查数据采集研究

辽宁省全国第一次地理国情普查的基础是地表覆盖和地理国情要素的采集工作,同时也是开展统计分析的前提。本文以辽宁省朝阳市基于遥感影像的地理国情数据采集工作为例,对地理国情普查中地表覆盖数据和地理国情要素的内容及指标进行数据采集研究。采集的基础指标包括范围、位置、属性、面积等,利用清华山维EPS2010软件进行数据采集、数据建库、数据检查和时点更新等工作。详细阐述了在辽宁省朝阳市地理国情普查中的工作流程,总结出一套稳定、高效、可靠、因地制宜的数据采集方法,为开展常态化地理国(省)情监测奠定基础。     

基础性地理国情监测外业调查技术路线探讨

以湖北省地理国情监测为背景,结合具体工作实践,论述了地表覆盖分类、地理国情要素、新增图斑和要素的补测补调在外业核查中的具体实施方法,同时总结了遥感解译样本数据采集应满足的规范要求,以及外业调查数据整理应把握的重点,为今后持续开展全省地理国情监测外业调查工作提出了建设性意见。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.