大别造山带南坡晚白垩世玄武岩源区地幔特征

大别造山带南坡中生代断陷盆地中出露大量晚白垩世碱性玄武岩类。因岩浆受结晶分异和陆壳混染影响微弱,其成分基本可代表本区原生玄武岩浆。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,本区玄武岩具有地壳富集组分Pb、K、Rb、Ba等的正异常和Nb、P、Hf等高场强元素的负异常。同位素和微量元素特征显示,玄武岩浆来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔(EM+EM)混合源区。玄武岩源区地幔中Pb的富集和Nb、P、Hf等的亏损基本可由中国东部亏损地幔与榴辉岩的混合获得,由此揭示富集地幔端元组成特征可能与晚白垩世前造山带根部榴辉岩拆沉并参与地幔再循环有关。     

北祁连东段红土堡基性火山岩和陈家河中酸性火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

北祁连东段天水-宝鸡地区早古生代火山岩包括红土堡基性熔岩和陈家河中酸性火山岩。地球化学分析结果表明,红土堡基性熔岩和陈家河中酸性火山岩中所夹基性火山岩的特征相似,属于拉斑玄武岩,两者TiO2含量较高(1.50%～2.73%),∑REE分别为65.97×10-6～133.46×10-6和78.04×10-6～175.55×10-6,LREE轻度富集[(La/Yb)N分别为2.00～4.40和2.71～4.40],Eu异常不明显或略具Eu负异常(δEu分别为0.85～1.10和0.85～0.99);两者LILE明显富集,HFSE(尤其是Ta、Nb)强烈亏损,Nb/La较低(0.28～0.43),显示出与岛弧拉斑玄武岩(IAT)的亲源性;同时,基性熔岩的εNd(t)均为正值( 2.22～ 4.08),暗示其源区类似亏损地幔源区,Zr/Nb=17.21～36.33,Ce/Nb=5.73～8.17,又具有N-MORB的地球化学特征;两者的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成十分相似,显示出基性熔岩主要来自亏损地幔(DM)和富集地幔端员(EMⅠ或EMⅡ)混合源区,可能有少量地壳物质混染。陈家河中酸性火山岩属于钙碱性系列,∑REE=127.51×10-6～276.01×10-6,LREE显著富集[(La/Yb)N=4.79～13.51],多数具有弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.53～1.20);微量元素分配型式类似于岛弧花岗岩,具明显的Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf低谷。综合研究表明,北祁连最东段陈家河中酸性火山岩形成于岛弧环境,而其南部的红土堡玄武岩形成于弧间裂谷环境(或初始弧后盆地),是早古生代晚期北祁连东段岛弧带扩张向弧后盆地演化的早期产物。这些研究成果为秦祁结合部位沟弧盆体系的存在提供了佐证。     

西藏冈底斯北缘尼玛地区帮勒村一带寒武纪火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

青藏高原南部中国境内是否存在寒武纪地层一直是地质界关注的焦点。研究表明,冈底斯北缘西藏尼玛县控错南帮勒村一带,原划的前震旦纪念青唐古拉岩群为一套浅变质的拉斑系列双峰式火山岩。通过高精度LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得其中变流纹岩206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(536.4±3.6)Ma,确定该套火山岩形成于早寒武世。地球化学分析表明,变玄武岩富集LREE、LILE、部分HFSE,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损,Zr/Nb比值(2.53~3.61)低;变流纹岩明显富集LREE、LILE、Th、HFSE,具有Eu负异常和Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti负异常。同时,变玄武岩的εNd(t)为负值(-2.80~-4.56),源区为富集地幔端元EMⅡ,反映其源区为岩石圈和软流圈相互作用的产物,并遭受了地壳物质的混染。综合分析认为该套火山岩形成于陆缘裂谷环境,为冈底斯北缘存在寒武纪裂解作用提供了佐证。     

内蒙古东乌旗北部早古生代火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

内蒙古北部二连-东乌旗地区出露早古生代火山岩,为兴蒙造山带北缘构造-岩浆岩带的组成部分,对研究造山带早古生代构造格局及演化具有重要作用。本文对东乌旗北部早古生代中基性及酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、全岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。定年结果显示,中基性火山岩成岩年龄为452±2Ma,酸性火山岩为430±20Ma,表明早古生代岩浆活动可延续至中志留世。地球化学组成上,中基性火山岩稀土总量中等,Eu异常不明显,富集Rb、Sr、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,特征类似岛弧岩浆岩;酸性火山岩富集Th、U,Eu负异常显著,但Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集程度不高,Nb、Ta等高场强元素亏损不明显,表现出板内岩浆特点。中基性和酸性火山岩均具有亏损的同位素组成:中基性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+203～+267,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+79～+145之间;酸性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+494,ε_(Hf)(t)值为+99～+153。岩石学及地球化学分析表明,中基性火山岩为岛弧环境下遭受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产物,酸性火山岩则来源于新生基性下地壳熔融并具有板内岩浆特征,可能指示了俯冲的结束。结合前人资料,二连-东乌旗地区早古生代岩浆活动介于晚寒武-中志留世之间,形成时间及阶段性演化特征近似于苏尼特左旗-锡林浩特早古生代岩浆岩带,暗示两者可能具有成因联系,均为早古生代古亚洲洋向北俯冲的产物。     

草滩沟群火山岩的地球化学特征及其形成构造环境

通过对出露于东-西秦岭交接处的草滩沟群火山岩地球化学特征的研究表明,草滩沟群火山岩具有较高的Al2O3含量和较低的TiO2含量,低ΣREE等特征;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解显示呈平坦型-微弱富集型;微量元素组成以富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、Th,强烈亏损Nb、Ta,以及高场强元素(HFSE)不分异为特征,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf丰度及Nb/La,Hf/Ta,La/Ta,Ti/Y等值特征均显示岩浆源区受到消减组分加入的影响,与典型的岛弧玄武岩相似.综合地质、地球化学资料认为,草滩沟群玄武岩可与东秦岭丹凤群变基性火山岩对比,是早古生代秦岭洋俯冲消减作用的岩浆活动产物,代表了商丹缝合带的西延组成部分,向西延伸可与西秦岭天水关子镇-武山蛇绿混杂岩带相接.     

中国东南沿海中-新生代玄武岩微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素研究

本文对中国东南沿海不含幔源包体的中生代玄武岩和含幔源包体的新生代玄武岩进行了微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素对比研究。中生代玄武岩呈Ta、Nb和Hf负异常,低Ce/Pb、Nb/U比值和高La/Nb比值,与岛弧火山岩和陆壳岩石的微量元素特征相类似,说明在岩浆生成和上升过程中,幔源组分受到了陆壳组分的混染。新生代玄武岩呈Ta、Nb正异常和Pb负异常,高Ce/Pb、Nb/U比值和低La/Nb比值,与海岛玄武岩(OIB)相类似,Nd-Sr同位素成分与夏威夷玄武岩类似,因而它们未受明显的陆壳混染。143Nd/144Nd与206Pb/204Pb之间的负相关关系和87Sr/86Sr与206Pb/204Pb之间的正相关关系说明本区新生代玄武岩起源于中等亏损程度的软流圈地幔,并与EMII富集地幔组分发生了混合。     

碧口群火山岩性质及形成环境

中元古代—新元古代碧口群火山岩系分布在扬子地块北缘、秦岭造山带南侧。碧口群火山岩系具大陆裂谷火山岩特点,形成于大陆裂谷作用构造环境。火山岩系特征为：① 具双峰式火山岩组合,火山岩系由基性火山岩（细碧岩及细碧质凝灰岩）及酸性火山岩（石英角斑岩及石英角斑质凝灰岩）组成。② 基性火山岩包括两个岩浆系列的岩石,即碱性玄武岩浆系列及拉斑玄武岩浆系列。③ 火山岩富集LREE及LIL。微量元素及同位素（SmNd,RbSr）研究表明,基性火山岩形成于相似于洋岛玄武岩源的地幔柱源,酸性火山岩为地壳重熔的产物。扬子地块北缘分布有碧口群、西乡群等中元古代—新元古代大陆火山岩系,表明在这一时期大陆裂谷拉张火山作用发育,成为秦岭地壳的主要增生成壳期。     

西藏冈底斯北缘尼玛地区帮勒村一带寒武纪火山岩LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

青藏高原南部中国境内是否存在寒武纪地层一直是地质界关注的焦点。研究表明．冈底斯北缘西藏尼玛县控错南帮勒村一带,原划的前震旦纪念青唐古拉岩群为一套浅变质的拉斑系列双峰式火山岩。通过高精度LA—ICP—MS（激光剥蚀等离子体质谱）锆石微区原位u—Pb同位素测年,获得其中变流纹岩“Pb／“u年龄加权平均值为（536．4±3．6）Ma,确定该套火山岩形成于 旱寒武世。地球化学分析表明,变玄武岩富集LREE、L1LE、部分HFSE,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损,Zr／Nb比值（2．53～3．61）低;变流纹岩明显富集LREE、LILE、Th、HFSE,具有Eu负异常和sr、Nb、Ta、Ti负异常。同时,变玄武岩的gNd（t）为负值（一2．80~一4．56）。源区为富集地幔端元EMll。反映其源区为岩石圈和软流圈相互作用的产物,并遭受了地壳物质的混染。综合分析认为该套火山岩形成于陆缘裂谷环境．为冈底斯北缘存在寒武纪裂解作用提供了佐证。     

中国东南沿海中—新生代玄武岩微量元素和Nd—Sr—Pb同位素研究

本文对中国东南沿海不含幔源包体的中生代玄武岩和含幔源包体的新生代玄武岩进行了微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素对比研究。中生代玄武岩呈Ta,Nb和Hf负异常，低Ce/Pb,Nb/U比值和高La/Nb比值，与岛弧火山岩和陆壳岩石的微量元素特征相类似，说明在岩浆生成和上升过程中，幔源组分受到了陆壳组分的混染。新生代玄武岩呈Ta,Nb正异常和Pb负异常，高Ce/Pb,Nb/U比值和低La/Nb比值，与海岛玄武岩（OIB）相类似，Nd-Sr同位素成分与夏威夷玄武岩类似，因而它们未受明显的陆壳混染。^143Nd/^144Nd与^206Pb/^204Pb之间的负相关关系和^87Sr/^86Sr与^206Pb/^204Pb之间的正相关关系说明本区新生代玄武岩起源于中等亏损程度的软流圈地幔，并与EMII富集地幔组分发生了混合。     

新疆阿尔泰南缘达拉乌兹双峰式火山岩年龄及岩石成因

阿尔泰南缘达拉乌兹一带出露了一套玄武岩和流纹岩频繁互层的双峰式火山岩组合。该套双峰式火山岩发生了绿片岩相变质作用,其基性端元——变质玄武岩和酸性端元——变质流纹岩具明显的变余斑状结构。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法获得流纹岩的喷发年龄365.6±1.6Ma和捕获的锆石年龄413.5±2.0Ma。变质玄武岩富TiO2、碱(富钠)(Na2O/K2O=4.43～19.33)和FeOT,贫MgO和CaO,轻微富集LILE和LREE,具弱的Nb、Ta和Ti的负异常,具有高于正常弧火山岩但低于OIB的HFSE元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)的含量,Eu负异常不明显。流纹岩具有高SiO2和全碱,具有低的TiO2、极低的MgO和FeOT,呈现明显的Ti、P、Sr、Ba负异常,Th、U、Pb的正异常,HFSE元素(Zr、Hf)和LREE略富集但Nb、Ta亏损的特征,并显示Eu的明显负异常(δEu=0.21～0.41)。它们均具有相似于N-MORB的较低的Pb同位素组成。玄武岩与流纹岩来自两个不同的岩浆房,玄武岩为受俯冲物质加入的亏损软流圈地幔部分熔融后并发生结晶分异作用的结果,流纹岩为新生的地壳物质受幔源岩浆加热熔融并与之混合后演化的产物。结合阿尔泰南缘地区的构造演化特征,推测该双峰式火山岩俯冲作用引起的局部拉张作用的产物。     

北秦岭新元古代前属于扬子板块的地球化学证据

秦岭是扬子板块和华北陆块间的复合造山带,其中存在两个古缝合带,北面的新元古代到早古生代商－丹缝合带介于北秦岭和南秦岭之间,南面的晚古生代勉－略缝合带形成于南秦岭与扬子陆块北缘之间,属于确知的扬子陆块内部打开形成的类型。北秦岭在地壳增生历史,元古宙上地慢性质,以及元古宙以来地幔相对富Nb、Ta、Cu,高Rb／Sr、Ba／Sr、Ba／La、Th／La、Nb／Ta比值和相对贫Fe、Mo方面均与南秦岭和扬子陆块北段一致。而与华北板块南段明显不同。变玄武岩类的Pb同位素三维空间拓扑图和铀εNd（t）－206Pb／204Pb图显示,区域一级地球化学界面位于北秦岭与华北陆块的分界处,二级界面才是商丹－缝合带。构造侵位于该带中的松树沟蛇绿岩<1000 Ma士)中已发现并存着N—MORB和E—MORB型变拉斑玄武岩。表明它们的岩浆分别来自亏损地幔和深部地幔热柱源区。松树沟蛇绿岩与勉,略蛇绿岩中的N—MORB型岩石具有与此相似的同位素组成和特征元素对比值,暗示松树沟蛇绿岩所代表的古洋壳也应属于扬子板块内部型。加之,新元古代之前秦岭只存在裂谷系而无板块结合带,故可确定北秦岭原来应属于扬子板块的组成部分。对秦岭群和宽坪群变拉斑玄武岩及松树沟E—MORB和N—MIORB进行地球化学对比的结果,既能够支持北秦岭是在扬子板块的洋壳洋岛基础上发展形成的微陆块的推断,又可解释北秦岭幔源岩石具有特高Th／La、Yb／Hf、Sc／Th比值和壳幔更富于放射成因钳的原因。此外。对本研究结果在秦岭造山带发展动力学方面的意义也进行了初步讨论。     

Geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of mafic and ultramafic rocks from Southern Beishan area, NW China: Implications for crust–mantle interaction

The Liuyuan mafic and ultramafic rocks are exposed in Southern Beishan, which is along the southern branch of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating showed that Liuyuan gabbros intruded during the early Permian (~ 270–295 Ma) coeval with the basalts and the ultramafic rocks were emplaced at about 250 Ma. The basalts are within–plate tholeiites with slight enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to heavy rare earths (HREE) and small negative anomalies of Nb and Ta. Gabbros including olivine gabbros, olivine gabbronorites and troctolites are grouped into two: the cumulate gabbros are depleted in LREE and show small negative Nb and Ta anomalies but distinct positive Sr and Eu anomalies; non–cumulate gabbros resemble tholeiitic basalts. Lamprophyres and cumulate ultramafic rocks are characterized by large enrichment of LREE relative to HREE with depletion in Nb and Ta. The enriched Sr–Nd isotopic trend from DM towards the EM II end member component implies that the lithospheric mantle was progressively enriched with depth by the involvement of subducted crustal material due to the delamination of thickened mantle lithosphere after collision. The digestion of subducted crustal material into the mantle resulting in the metasomatized and enriched mantle is inferred to be an important process during crust–mantle interaction.     

Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and geodynamic typification of metavolcanics of the Tunka terrane (Baikal–Hövsgöl region)

The geochemical composition of metavolcanics (metabasalts and metaandesites) of the Tunka terrane is considered. They are differently enriched in incompatible elements relative to N-MORB. The geochemical features of the basalts (LILE and LREE enrichment, Zr and Hf negative anomalies) point to the suprasubductional nature of synsedimentary volcanism; at the same time, the rocks lack negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. Comparison of the Tunka metavolcanics with those of modern geodynamic settings shows their analogy to back-arc basin basalts.     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

峨眉山大火成岩省中苦橄岩与其共生岩石的地球化学特征及其对源区的约束

本文对在峨眉山玄武岩省中新发现的苦橄质岩石及其共生玄武岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明,除苦橄质岩石外,与其共生的玄武质岩石均属高Ti玄武岩。其主要元素特征与大多数大陆溢流玄武岩省相似,表现为高Fe_8、(CaO/Al_2O_3)_8和低Na_8,指示其形成压力高;其稀土和微量元素配分曲线相似,表现为轻稀土富集、高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损,并且不存在Nb、Ta的负异常,而存在P和K的相对亏损。一些反映源区特征的比值,如La/Ta、La/Sm、(La/Nb)_(PM)、(Th/Ta)_(PM),Ta/Hf,Nb/Zr等,变化范围小,均指示了其地幔柱成因,且上升过程中很少或没有受到岩石圈地幔或地壳物质的混染,是石榴子石二辉橄榄岩在>75km时经大约7％的部分熔融的产物。而地幔柱的轴部位置可能位于现今云南丽江县城一带。     

青海泽库赛日迪印支期中基性岩体地球化学特征及构造背景

青海泽库东南赛日迪附近产出的印支期中基性岩体前人研究较少.对该岩体进行地球化学、构造背景及岩浆演化方面研究,结果表明,赛日迪岩体硅量中等、高镁铁、低铝、低钾钠,属准铝质钙碱性系列.富集Rb,K,Pb等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和Th,U,Ta,Nb,Hf等高场强元素(HFSE).普遍贫Ba,Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和P,Zr,Ti等高场强元素(HFSE).稀土元素含量较低,轻稀土元素相对富集,轻稀土元素较重稀土元素分馏明显.Eu略显负异常,表现为同源岩浆成分特征.LREE与SiO2相关性不强,Nb/U、Nb/La远低于全球MORB、OIB值,Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf与原始地幔值相当,低Sm/Yb值,La/Nb和La/Ta指数指示赛日迪中基性岩可能为地幔源,岩浆经历部分熔融岩浆演化过程,上升过程中未受地壳物质混染.构造环境判别赛日迪中基性岩为钙碱性玄武岩,形成于板内环境,与板块碰撞作用有一定联系.     

Geochemistry of mafic–ultramafic magmatism in the Western Ghats belt (Kudremukh greenstone belt), western Dharwar Craton,India: implications for mantle sources and geodynamic setting

Western Ghats Belt of western Dharwar Craton is dominated by metavolcanic rocks (komatiites, high-magnesium basalts (HMBs), basalts, boninites) with occasional metagabbros. This rock-suite has undergone post-magmatic alteration processes corresponding to greenschist- to lower-amphibolite facies conditions. Komatiites are Al-depleted, characterized by lower Al₂O₃/TiO₂ and high CaO/Al₂O₃. Their trace element distribution patterns suggest most of the primary geochemical compositions are preserved with minor influence of post-magmatic alteration processes and negligible crustal contamination. Chemical characteristics of Al-depleted komatiites imply their derivation from deeper upper mantle with/without garnet involvement. HMBs and basalts are differentiated based on their magnesium content. Basalts and occasionally associated gabbroic sills have similar geochemical characteristics. HMB are characterized by light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, with significant Nb–Ta and Zr negative anomalies. Basalts and associated gabbros display tholeiitic affinity, with LREE-enriched to slightly fractionated heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns. Boninites are distinctive in conjunction of low abundances of incompatible elements with respect to the studied komatiites. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of boninites show relative enrichment in LREE and HREE with respect to MREE. Prominent island arc signatures are evident in HMB, basalts, boninites, and gabbros in terms of their Nb–Ta and Zr–Hf negative anomalies, LREE enrichment and HFSE depletion. It is suggested that these HMB–basalts (associated gabbros)–boninites are the products of arc magmatism. Their REE chemistry attests to a gradual transition in melting depth varying between spinel and garnet stability field in an arc regime. The close spatial association but contrasting elemental characteristics of komatiites and HMB–basalts–boninites can be explained by a plume-arc model, in which the ~3.0 Ga komatiites are considered to be the products of plume volcanism in an oceanic setting, while the HMB, basalts, boninites, and associated gabbros were emplaced in a continental margin setting around 2.8–2.7 Ga.     

Extensional collapse of the Gondwana orogen: Evidence from Cambrian mafic magmatism in the Trivandrum Block,southern India

The assembly of Late Neoproterozoice Cambrian supercontinent Gondwana involved prolonged subduction and accretion generating arc magmatic and accretionary complexes, culminating in collision and formation of high grade metamorphic orogens. Here we report evidence for mafic magmatism associated with post-collisional extension from a suite of gabbroic rocks in the Trivandrum Block of southern Indian Gondwana fragment. Our petrological and geochemical data on these gabbroic suite show that they are analogous to high Fe tholeiitic basalts with evolution of the parental melts dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization. They display enrichment of LILE and LREE and depletion of HFSE with negative anomalies at Zre Hf and Ti corresponding to subduction zone magmatic regime. The tectonic affinity of the gabbros coupled with their geochemical features endorse a heterogeneous mantle source with collective melt contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle upwelling through slab break-off and arc-related metasomatized mantle wedge, with magma emplacement in subduction to post-collisional intraplate settings. The high Nb contents and positive Nbe Ta anomalies of the rocks are attributed to inflow of asthenospheric melts containing ancient recycled subducted slab components and/or fusion of subducted slab materials owing to upwelling of hot asthenosphere. Zircon grains from the gabbros show magmatic crystallization texture with low U and Pb content. The LA-ICPMS analyses show ²⁰⁶ Pb/²³⁸ U mean ages in the range of 507-494 Ma suggesting Cambrian mafic magmatism. The post-collisional mafic magmatism identified in our study provides new insights into mantle dynamics during the waning stage of the birth of a supercontinent.