华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代年代地层格架和沉积演化过程研究的新进展

华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层发育良好,露头连续,是华北克拉通元古宙地层发育最好的地区之一.近年来重要年代学研究成果不断涌现,使华北克拉通南缘年代学格架和不同地层小区(卢氏—栾川、渑池—确山和嵩山—箕山地层小区)的地层对比关系逐渐清晰.本文总结了华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层学的新进展,并与天津蓟县中—新元古代地层标准剖面进行了对比,重新厘定了新的地层格架,主要包括:(1)将卢氏—栾川地层小区原归属蓟县系的高山河群、官道口群及青白口系白术沟组分别重新划定为长城系、蓟县系和待建系;(2)将渑池—确山地层小区的黄连垛组和董家组划分为蓟县系下部和青白口系;(3)将嵩山—箕山地层小区五佛山群进行解体,马鞍山组下拉至长城系,将五佛山群其他地层暂置于青白口系.以上述新进展和现有资料为依据,本文重新梳理了华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代的沉积演化过程,构建了不同时期的岩相古地理简图.     

张广才岭南部杨木岗组的厘定及物源分析

本文通过岩石组合特征和区域对比，将张广才岭南部西蛤拉河子—大锅盔一带分布的浅变质地层重新厘定为杨木岗组。为了确定杨木岗组的形成时代和沉积物源，进行了碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学和微体古生物地层学研究。锆石大多数呈自形—半自形晶，显示典型振荡岩浆生长环带，暗示其岩浆成因。该地层中测得的两组碎屑锆石U- Pb产生多组谐和年龄，其中PM010- TW样品56个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为307 Ma，DB02- TW样品51个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为275 Ma；覆盖在杨木岗组之上的中生代二浪河组安山岩的定年结果为181. 1±0. 9 Ma，表明杨木岗组形成于早二叠世晚期。杨木岗组中获取疑源类化石组合出现了新元古代晚期—早寒武世和奥陶纪地层常见分子，结合碎屑锆石年龄结果，反映杨木岗组沉积时周围存在早古生代和中—新元古代地质体。碎屑沉积岩Al2O3/TiO2平均值为24. 44，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有轻稀土富集、重稀土稳定和负Eu异常特征，结合碎屑锆石的年龄频数可以看出，确定杨木岗组的沉积物主要来源于沉积盆地周围的晚古生代早期中酸性火成岩，次要物源由沉积盆地周边的早古生代地质体和近地表的中—新元古代地质体提供。佳木斯地块为松嫩- 张广才岭地块上晚古生代地层的形成提供了部分物源，暗示佳木斯地块与松嫩- 张广才岭地块于早二叠世之前已完成拼合。     

华北克拉通北缘东段“开原岩群”的解体及重新认识

根据近年来的同位素年代学资料,对分布于辽北地区的一套构造变质岩系（"开原岩群"或"清河镇岩群"）进行了重新认识和划分,并将其重新定义为清河构造混杂岩,由中太古代、新太古代、中元古代、新元古代、二叠纪等不同时代、不同构造环境的地质体组成.其中,中太古代、新太古代、中元古代岩石来自华北克拉通,而新元古代、二叠纪岩石则来自兴蒙造山带.将原沈家堡子岩组重新划分为新太古代变质表壳岩和中-新太古代变质深成岩,原板石沟岩组（或芦家堡子岩组）厘定为中元古代石门岩组,原照北山岩组重新划分为新元古代南平岩片和晚二叠世照北山岩组,将原佟家屯岩组和尖山子火山岩合并为晚二叠世佟家屯岩组.最后,提出了清河构造混杂岩带为华北克拉通与兴蒙造山带的界线以及古亚洲洋在华北板块北缘东段的最终闭合时间为中三叠世早期（约245Ma）的认识.     

粤西高枨铅锌银多金属矿区花岗质岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

粤西高枨矿床是云开地区最近几年新发现的大型铅锌银多金属矿床,矿体赋存在黑云母花岗岩的构造断裂带中,空间上与黑云母花岗岩密切相关。这种现象与国内多数热液脉状铅锌矿体产在地层或岩体与地层的接触带上明显不同,花岗岩与矿床之间的时间和成因关系尚不明确。本文选择锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年获得花岗质糜棱岩、黑云母花岗岩和英云闪长岩的206Pb/238 U年龄加权平均值分别为451.5±2.8Ma(MSWD=0.27,n=7)、463.3±3.3Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=10)和450.0±4.5Ma(MSWD=3.4,n=12),揭示其岩体的准确结晶年龄为450~463Ma,为中—晚奥陶世,属于加里东期岩浆活动的产物,并保留有中—新元古代的基底信息。这一年龄结果比以往黑云母花岗岩的结晶年龄(429Ma和438Ma,早—中志留世)要早20~30Ma。黑云母花岗岩体作为含矿围岩,其形成时代明显早于成矿期,该矿床形成时代极有可能是晚白垩世之后。据区域地质资料和最新研究成果综合研究,认为高枨矿区存在一期450~463Ma的加里东期构造岩浆热事件,是于板内俯冲模式下陆内造山作用导致中—新元古代地壳物质发生部分熔融的产物。     

辽西阜新夏家沟地区新元古界殷屯组发现的意义

在对辽西夏家沟地区出露的中元古界长城系、蓟县系岩石地层单位进行考察时,在中元古界长城系串岭沟组之上,发现了新元古界北方南华系下统殷屯组冰碛杂砾岩地体,该地体与中元古界长城系串岭沟组呈角度不整合接触.该项发现填补了辽西地区新元古代时期陆相岩石地层单位沉积的一项空白,对于讨论辽西地区新元古代地壳的演化历史增添了新的内容,具有重要的地质意义.     

满洲里南部中生代花岗岩的锆石U--Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

满洲里南部地区花岗岩主要由碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及花岗斑岩组成。采用LA--ICP--MS技术,对满洲里南部花岗岩进行的锆石U--Pb年龄测定表明,该区中生代花岗岩浆活动分为3期:中—晚三叠世(208~239 Ma)、早侏罗世(179~185 Ma)和晚侏罗世—早白垩世(137~151 Ma),与整个大兴安岭中生代花岗岩的年代学格架基本一致,与东部的张广才岭—小兴安岭地区中生代岩浆活动时代也可以对比。锆石LA--MC--ICP--MS Hf同位素研究显示,本区中生代花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)多数为+0.7~+9.5,二阶段模式年龄为0.6~1.2 Ga,表明花岗岩浆主要源于中—新元古代增生的地壳物质。结合额尔古纳地块其他花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素资料,认为额尔古纳地块在中—新元古代时期曾发生一次重要的地壳增生事件,与兴安地块的地壳增生时间为新元古代—显生宙的特点不同。     

华南早中生代板内沉积-构造特征及其对邻区碰撞事件的响应北大核心CSCD

对华南晚古生代—早中生代地层层序及其岩石组合、早中生代花岗岩特征、构造变形样式等进行了研究,以解决对华南晚古生代—早中生代的地质环境和早中生代构造变形属性一直存在的不同认识。研究表明,发育在赣东北地区的蛇绿岩套,其时代不是晚古生代—早中生代,而是新元古代;新元古代洋壳沉积岩中不存在放射虫,而发育较多的新元古代疑源类。沉积学分析表明,晚古生代—早中生代期间华南为一个向南东倾斜的滨海—浅海沉积环境,广泛发育碳酸盐岩石组合、含放射虫等生物碎屑灰岩、含煤层砂岩和浅海相生物群落,未见同期大规模火山岩分布。早—中三叠世,华南块体发生强烈构造变形和花岗岩浆活动,以朝北西方向运移的褶皱和逆冲推覆为特征,花岗质岩体形成时代集中在245～210Ma,属过铝质花岗岩,不是岛弧型花岗岩。研究表明,早中生代是一个全球规模的构造—岩浆活动期,在此构造背景下,研究区北侧的扬子块体沿大别山断裂带与华北块体发生强烈碰撞,南侧的华夏块体则沿越南马江一带与印支块体碰撞拼贴。受南北两侧此时期碰撞事件的影响,研究区发生了强烈的板内构造—岩浆活动,奠定了华南的基本构造格架。     

西昆仑北缘新元古代片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其意义

在西昆仑北缘早前寒武纪变质地层中,笔者等识别出大量不同时代的片麻状花岗岩,其中包括新元古代片麻状花岗岩。获得最新的新元古代片麻状花岗岩的单颗粒锆石SHRIMP年龄为815±57Ma,片麻状花岗岩的岩石学特征反映它们形成于裂解构造背景,结合对区域上新元古代地层及中元古代末期构造事件的研究,笔者认为新元古代片麻状花岗岩反映了古塔里木板块作为Rodinia超大陆一员发生裂解的时间,这对研究古塔里木板块在Rodinia超大陆中的位置及中国Rodinia超大陆裂解的研究提供了重要的地质依据。     

滇东昆阳群地层序列的厘定及其在中国地层表的位置

本文通过滇东地区中元古代昆阳群年代地层学研究,提供了新元古代青白口系柳坝塘组的几组高精度锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,通过新元古代地层柳坝塘组与下伏地层(美党组、大龙口组和富良棚组)连续沉积关系以及昆阳群各组的同位素年代学数据,将滇东地区建立新的"系"一级地层单位,即"玉溪系",填补其在中国地层表中待建系的位置。笔者通过进一步的野外地层追踪和对"原昆阳群"的锆石年龄数据的比对研究,明确了"原昆阳群"争议已久的"倒八序列"为华南古陆西南缘中—新元古代地层的正确沉积序列,并以此在滇东地区建立了完整中—新元古代地层及年代地层层序,结合华北古陆上已建立的西山系(1.4~1.2 Ga),本文将昆阳群分属于西山系(1.2~1.4 Ga)和玉溪系(1.0~1.2 Ga),重新厘定昆阳群时代的归属,以期填补中国地层表中的"待建系"。     

扬子地块西缘新元古代灯杆坪花岗岩体的成因及启示

正扬子地块西缘的新元古代花岗岩体是记录Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的良好地质载体(Li et al.,2003;Zhao et al., 2008;李献华等,2012)。灯杆坪花岗岩体位于四川省崇州市范围内,大地构造位置位于扬子地块西缘与青藏—滇西褶皱区接触带附近,处于龙门山逆冲推覆断裂构造带的中南段,花岗岩体发育在映秀—北川断裂及其次级断裂中。本次研究在扬子地块西缘新元古代灯杆坪花岗岩体的野外地质调查和室内岩石学鉴定的基础     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of