内蒙古卓资孔兹岩系中石榴石成分环带及其在温压估算中的应用

内蒙卓资出露了大面积太古宙矽线石榴黑云二长片麻岩，其中石榴的Ｍｇ，Ｍｇ／等呈明显的环带特点，研究表明，石榴石既存在生长环带，也具有扩散环带，其成分环带与石榴石长生过程和变质条件有关，不同成分环带的势和学计算，可以确定变质作用过程中不同阶段的温压条件。     

集安岩群石榴石成分特征及其动力学意义

集安岩群石榴石以富铁为特征，均属铁铝榴石。形成于高角闪岩相的石榴石成分比较稳定，＜ＦｅＯ＞平均含量３２．２０％，ＭｇＯ５．１７％，Ｘ＿（Ｍｇ）平均值０．２３；结晶于低角闪岩相的石榴石（ＦｅＯ＋ＭｇＯ）含量３３．５０％，（ＭｎＯ＋ＣａＯ）６．９１％。石榴石微区成分不均匀，晶体内具有一些微区成分环带，这种环带不是各进变质作用阶段ｐ－Ｔ条件平衡或近平衡的产物。石榴石边缘存在着明显的扩散环带，表现为晶体边缘相对晶体核部，Ｃａ含量和＜ＦｃＯ＞含量增高，ＭｇＯ含量降低，Ｘ＿（Ｍｇ）值变小，反映本区变质峰期后经历的是一个近等压冷却的地质动力学过程。     

集安岩群石榴石成分特征及其动力学意义

集安岩群石榴石以富铁为特征，均属铁铝榴石。形成于高角闪岩相的石榴石成分比较稳定，＜ＦｅＯ＞平均含量３２．２０％，ＭｇＯ５．１７％，ＸＭｇ平均植０．２３；结晶于低角闪岩相的石榴石（ＦｅＯ＋ＭｇＯ）含量３３．５０％，（ＭｎＯ＋ＣａＯ）６．９１％。石榴石微区成分不均匀，晶体内具有一些微区成分环带，这种环带不是各进变质作用阶段ｐ－Ｔ条件平衡或近平衡的产物。石榴石边缘存在着明显的扩散环带，表现为晶体边缘相对     

集安岩群黑云母的化学成分及意义

黑云母系集安岩群主要变质矿物之一，其化学组成ＴｉＯ＿２平均含量３．３１％，Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３１８．２９％，Ａｌ￣Ⅵ０．３１、Ｘ＿Ｍｇ值０．５４，形成于高角闪岩相。黑云母微区成分不均匀，周围与长英质矿物相接触的黑云母，内部成分受变质峰期后扩散作用的影响甚微，与石榴石相邻的黑云母边缘具有扩散环带。因此，通过黑云母和石榴石晶体中心成分及两者的边缘成分，可以分别获得接近变质峰期和Ｆｅ－Ｍｇ交换反应封闭时的温度。     

通化集安群石榴子石和黑云母微区化学成分特征及其对变质作用p—T—t轨

集巡群片麻岩中石榴子石和黑云母接触带两侧边缘广泛发育Ｆｅ－Ｍｇ交换反应所形成的扩散环带,但晶体内部各自保持变质峰期的成分,中温带石榴子石可保留生长环带。     

花岗岩拓扑学的反思

介绍了石榴石成分环带 (剖面 )的现代测试技术 ,强调了二维成分填图在当代成分环带研究中的重要性。根据石榴石成分环带 (剖面 )的变化特征 ,将其划分为匀变连续型成分环带和突变间断型成分环带。匀变连续型环带形成受平衡生长控制 ;突变间断型成因复杂 ,其中的台阶型可与多期变质、变质条件大幅度改变、变质反应性质改变或深熔作用干扰等过程有关 ;脉冲型又可分生长型环带(剖面 )和扩散型环带 (剖面 ) ,后者是变质顶峰后石榴石与包体矿物反应导致石榴石某种成分的晶内扩散有关。东昆仑小庙岩群石榴石的岩相学、主量微量元素环带和稀土元素配分环带特征表明其是两期变质作用的产物。     

阜平群的退变质作用：石榴石的生长和分解

本文通过阜平群下部基性麻粒岩中石榴石变斑晶的矿物化学、成分环带,包含变晶结构和冠状体结构的研究,结合石榴石生长前后温压条件估算,确定石榴石生长于区域麻粒岩高峰变质作用之后的近等压降温的热背景中,并由于后期阜平群的快速抬升而发生降压分解,最后利用石榴石的生长成分环带和降压分解现象揭示阜平群在麻粒岩相变质作用之后的退变质PTt轨迹。     

东秦岭泥盆纪山阳—柞水成矿区电气石矿物化学和硼同位素组成

东秦岭泥盆纪山阳－柞水成矿区内众多层控贱金属硫化物矿床含矿层中含有相当比例的电气石，这些电气石属于黑气石－镁电气石类质同象系列，一般Ｍｇ〉Ｆｅ，Ｎａ〉Ｃａ（阳离子比较），明显的成分环带记录了主成矿期的海底（喷气）热液沉积成矿方式和随后的区域变质及热液叠加过程，在主成矿期形成的电气石的化学成分［ＦｅＯ／（ＦｅＯ＋ＭｇＯ）＝－０．３４－０．３９］和硼同位素组成（δ＾１１Ｂ＝－７．６‰￣－８．８‰）与海     

日本南部柳井（Yanai）地区岭家变质带进变质过程中石榴石的成分分带模型

在日本南部柳井（Ｙａｎａｉ）地区，泥质和硅质岩石中的石榴石晶体有正环带、反环带及均一体。正环带晶体中Ｍｎ的含量从中心到边部呈现连续下降，而反环带晶体Ｍｎ的含量在边部呈现富集。正环带石榴石生长呈现明显的机械加粗、成核和生长或碰接和增生。在泥质岩石中，从正环带到均一体和反环带伴随变质程度增加而系统变化，可认为是变质温度的增加而使内部扩散增强的原因。在Ｃｏｒｄ一Ｉ带，估算温度为５６０±３０℃。泥质岩石中的石榴石粒度＞２．２ｍｍ，而且保留环带。而硅质岩石中的石榴石则为相似大小的均一体。这说明石榴石的整个生长带被均一化的程度受两种岩石类型和颗粒大小因素影响。在硅质岩石中少量的黑云母（Ｂｉ）可以解释在这种岩石类型中细颗粒石榴石的形成。因此，很容易发生均一化作用。在硅质岩中粗粒的均一体石榴石形成于进变质作用过程中细粒晶体的碰接。这些集合体很容易经过内部和晶界扩散而均一化。     

高压-超高压变质岩石中石榴石的环带和成因

在俯冲带变质过程中,石榴石是高压-超高压变质榴辉岩和片麻岩的常见变质矿物。由于石榴石具有难熔和流体中的低溶解能力的特点,通常可以很好地保存下来,并且能够保留复杂的化学成分环带,以及不同类型的矿物或流体包裹体,为解释石榴石寄主岩石经历的变质演化历史提供了重要信息。石榴子石的主微量元素成分受控于很多因素,如全岩成分、变质的温压条件、控制石榴子石形成的相关变质反应、与石榴子石共生的矿物种类和成分等。因此,在利用石榴石探讨超高压变质的演化历史时,对石榴石进行系统的主要元素、微量元素、氧同位素以及矿物包裹体分析,以及相互间的成因关系。同时,对石榴石中的锆石或独居石包裹体并进行原位U-Pb定年和微量元素分析,可以为变质石榴石的形成时代提供直接的时间制约。深入研究超高压变质岩中石榴石的生长阶段,不仅可以为含石榴石寄主岩石的变质过程提供岩石学和地球化学证据,而且对于理解石榴石的形成机制、生长规律及其变质化学动力学过程具有重要的科学意义。     

内蒙东南部早前寒武纪孔兹岩系中斜长石的成分环带

内蒙东南部早前寒武纪孔兹岩系中斜长石的Ca、Na、si、Al“等阳离子存在明显的成分环带。依据其成因机制可划分为生长环带和扩散环带。对不同成因的斜长石环带的成分,采用Ga—Pl—Al_2SiO_5(Sill)—Q压力计,配合Ga—Bi矿物对温度压力计估算,峰期前温度为570～620℃,压力1.0～1.2 GPa;峰期温度为750～850℃,压力0.75～0.85 GPa,峰期后温度为600～650℃,压力为0.5～0.62 GPa。可以确定本区早前寒武纪孔兹岩系变质作用演化为顺时针碰撞造山带型式的P—T—t轨迹。     

A comparison of microstructural and chemical patterns in garnet from the Fleur de Lys Supergroup,Newfoundland

This study uses compositional analyses of garnet porphyroblasts to test a previously published microstructure-based model of garnet growth in the Fleur de Lys Supergroup. X-ray maps reveal significant compositional anomalies within garnet, including zoning reversals and steepened compositional gradients. These anomalies occur at the margin of the proposed first stage of garnet growth (G₁), and coincide with truncations of inclusion trails and changes in the inclusion assemblage. Intervals of reversed composition zoning and steepened compositional gradients across this boundary are interpreted to represent a hiatus in garnet growth, possibly accompanied by garnet consumption, during which changes in the garnet-forming reaction, P–T conditions and deformation kinematics occurred. The junction of the proposed second and third stages of garnet growth (G₂ and G₃) coincides with the transition between successive crenulation cleavages, without substantial microstructural truncations or changes in the inclusion assemblage. The G₂–G₃ boundary is generally marked by uninterrupted normal zoning, with subtle compositional anomalies in some samples. This boundary may in fact record continuous garnet growth, or alternatively mark a relatively short intra-orogenic pause in garnet growth with minimal affect on zoning patterns. Individual porphyroblasts with contrasting inclusion trail microstructures also have different zoning patterns, and this supports the previous recognition of contrasting growth histories between individual porphyroblasts. A combined structural–metamorphic model is presented that integrates the timing of garnet growth and foliation development, reaction history and the P–T–t path in the Fleur de Lys Supergroup.     

高温变泥质岩石中石榴石-黑云母地质温度计的应用——以胶北荆山群富铝岩石为例

在对胶北荆山群麻粒岩相富铝岩石中石榴石、黑云母的成分环带进行深入研究基础上,选取不同粒径、与不同矿物相邻的石榴石、黑云母各微区点成分,利用石榴石-黑云母温度计分别进行了温度估算。确定在黑云母含量较高的岩石(V_(Grt)/V_(Bt)≤1)中,利用大颗粒石榴石(d≥1500μm)晶体核部(或靠近长英质矿物一侧的晶体幔部)成分与基质中远离石榴石等镁铁矿物处于长英质矿物之间的黑云母核部成分配合。通过石榴石-黑云母温度计可以获得相当可信的变质峰期温度。但是对于黑云母含量极低的岩石(V_(Grt)/V_(Bt)≥6),由于黑云母的成分普遍遭到了强烈改造。使得温度估算结果异常偏低,因此不适合采用石榴石-黑云母温度计估算峰期温度。同一岩石中,采用不同的相邻石榴石-黑云母矿物对晶体边缘成分获得的温度值差异较大,反映它们在峰期后发生Fe-Mg交换反应并达到封闭温度平衡状态的程度不同,因此利用石榴石-黑云母温度计难以获得准确的封闭温度。通过热力学计算,建立了一个新的石榴石-黑云母温度计公式。确定胶北荆山群所经历的变质峰期温度为720～770℃,峰期后最低相对封闭温度为480～500℃。     

流体作用下石榴石溶解-沉淀蠕变过程——以红河-哀牢山剪切带内石榴夕线片麻岩研究为例

石榴夕线片麻岩是中、下地壳主要组成岩石之一,岩石内石榴石和夕线石的结晶学优选方位会显著影响地壳深部流变性质,因此探讨特征变质矿物的变形机制和主要受控因素对构造带深部演化过程有深远意义。本文选取红河-哀牢山韧性剪切带内石榴夕线片麻岩为研究对象,通过定向切片内显微构造、电子探针、X-ray成分扫描、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和相平衡模拟综合研究,揭示出石榴石在溶解沉淀反应过程中具有明显的粒度敏感性,不同粒径石榴石表现出截然不同的长宽比、成分环带、包裹体排列方式和压力影发育情况。石榴石表面流体活动明显截切早期生长环带。EBSD分析揭示石榴石破碎颗粒以绕〈112〉轴机械旋转为主,溶解过程主要集中于颗粒表面和裂隙内高曲率位置。夕线石的EBSD结果表明基质内夕线石以绕〈010〉轴旋转为主,而流体作用明显区域夕线石则以(100)[001]滑移为主。岩石相平衡模拟限定岩石变质峰期P-T条件达高压麻粒岩相,退变过程中同剪切变形导致大量流体渗入而形成降温降压退变轨迹,由~9.5kbar、760℃演化至~6.0kbar、500~600℃,并在粗粒石榴石内保存早期进变质环带,剪切抬升过程中石榴石内普遍发育垂直剪切方向的裂隙,并在流体作用下进一步改造其形态。此研究揭示红河-哀牢山剪切带内除前人报道的石榴石高温韧性变形外,还存在大量中-上地壳层次同变质反应下的溶解-沉淀蠕变作用。因此,石榴石变质-变形的综合研究有助于揭示变质杂岩带挤压-剪切-伸展多阶段构造演化过程。     

Phase Equilibria of Hornblende-Bearing Eclogite in the Western Dabie Mountain,Central China

The high-pressure (HP) eclogite in the western Dabie Mountain encloses numerous hornblendes,mostly barroisite.Opinions on the peak metamorphic P-T condition,PT path and mineral paragenesis of it are still in dispute.Generally,HP eclogite involves garnet,omphacite, hornblendes and quartz,with or without glaucophane,zoisite and phengite.The garnet has compositional zoning with X_(Mg) increase,X_(Ca) and X_(Mn) decrease from core to rim,which indicates a progressive metamorphism.The phase equilibria of the ...     

通化集安群石榴子石和黑云母微区化学成分特征及其对变质作用p-T-t轨迹的指示意义

集安群片麻岩中石榴子石和黑云母接触带两侧边缘广泛发育Fe－Mg交换反应所形成的扩散环带,但晶体内部各自保持变质峰期的成分,中温带石榴子石可保留生长环带。经微区化学成分详细研究后,正确运用Grt－Bt温度计获得进变质阶段,变质高峰期和修期后Fe－Mg交换反应停止时的温度条件。按石榴子石和斜长石的微区钙含量变化确定了峰期和退变质阶段压力。据此建立起逆时针形式的变质作用p－T－t轨迹,反映该区早元古代陆壳内裂陷带的闭合过程。     

赣中周潭群石榴石、斜长石和黑云母微区化学成分特征及其地球动力学意义

周潭群变质岩中石榴石、斜长石和黑云母微区化学成分变化明显，石榴石变斑晶具典型的生长环带，由晶体中心向两侧边缘XMg、XFe值以光滑曲线递增，XCu、XMn值以光滑曲线递减，反映其增温过程；晶体最边缘的化学成分反映变质峰期的温度条件。通过石榴石变斑晶生长环带剖面分析，应用Grt-Bi温度计和GASP压力计，确定本区变质作用PT轨迹为顺时针形式，发生于大陆碰撞造山带环境。     

The microarea composition of garnet and biotite from the Ji’an Group in Tonghua district and its significance as an indicator of metamorphicP-T-t path

The garnet (Grt) and biotite (Bt) from gneisses of the Ji’an Group are characterized by diffusion zoning at the rim, but equilibrium composition of metamorphic peak is usually remained in extensive interior area. Garnet with growth zoning is also found in the kyanite zone. In the light of microarea compositional variation of Grt and Bt, the temperature and pressure at the progressive, peak and post-peak metamorphic stages are determined by correctly using Grt-Bt thermometer and GASP barometer. On this basis, a counterclockwiseP-T-t path can be constructed, which reflects the closing process of an ensialic rift belt in this region during the Early Proterozoic. The project was financially supported by the State Educational Commission Ph. D. Station Foundation (No. 96018702).     

Modeling of zoning patterns in garnet: Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects

Results from the modeling of compositional zoning patterns in garnet porphyroblasts from the medium-grade metapelitic schist of northern Ladoga area are considered. The P-T pseudosections in the model KMnFMASH system were calculated for this purpose using THERMOCALC software (Powell et al., 1998). Particular emphasis is placed upon the effect of garnet growth kinetics on the model zoning profiles for Mn (Gulbin, 2013). They fit the observed profiles if intergranular diffusion-controlled growth is assumed for porphyroblasts. Additionally, a model of metamorphic fractional crystallization is used to characterize the oscillations in both the garnet core and rim. Starting from the assumption that a reservoir, where garnet grows, consists of chlorite, and that this mineral is intensely replaced with biotite and staurolite at the onset of crystallization, a partial release of Mn from the chlorite structure and the concentration of this component in intergranular space is inferred. In terms of the model under consideration, the coefficient of the Mn partition between garnet and reservoir temporarily increases at the early stage of garnet growth, giving rise to the enrichment of the intermediate zone of porphyroblasts in Mn. In addition to the modeling of garnet growth zoning, its subsequent diffusion modification is estimated on the basis of intracrystalline diffusion profile simulation. The reverse zoned, Mn-rich and Mg-poor garnet rims are related to retrograde growth of garnet at the late stage of porphyroblast formation. The data obtained are used to constrain metamorphic evolution and the P-T-t path of staurolite-bearing rocks in the northern domain of the studied area.     

Geospeedometry and Time Scales of High-Pressure Metamorphism

Kinetic theory allows the calculation of a time scale for metamorphic events using the extent of relaxation of garnet growth zoning along a particular P-T trajectory. Eclogitic garnets from the Kokchetav Massif (Kazakhstan), the Great Caucasus (Russia), and the Yukon-Tanana terrane (Canada) experienced different metamorphic P-T histories and display different types of zoning patterns, which allowed testing of a variety of geospeedometric procedures. In all cases, the preservation of sharp compositional gradients and hence the limited degree of diffusive modification of garnet compositions can be explained if associated tectono-metamorphic processes were of very short duration. Results of diffusion modeling indicate rates of temperature and pressure change on the burial and/or the exhumation path on the order of several hundreds of °C/m.y. and several cm/yr, respectively. These extreme exhumation and cooling rates apply for rocks buried to a depth greater than, for example, 20 km, thus arguing for the existence of contrasted velocity fields for eclogitic block exhumation from deep versus shallow levels of the lithosphere.