面向矢量地图数据的多级数字水印算法

水印技术作为一项新兴的信息安全技术,在保护矢量地图数据安全中能够发挥重要作用.本文通过分析矢量地图数据特点,研究矢量地图数据数字水印技术特性、常见攻击方式,提出了一种新的多级水印嵌入和检测的算法,嵌入水印时,利用经纬网对矢量地图数据进行划分,综合使用分块嵌入和叠加嵌入的方式,有效提高了水印嵌入级数;检测时,利用相关性原理检测水印信息.实验证明该算法有效可行.     

保持几何形状的矢量地图水印算法应用分析

不同类型的矢量地图水印嵌入算法对矢量地图几何特征的影响程度不同,导致含水印矢量地图的可用性遭到不同程度的破坏.针对这一问题,实现了一种现有的保持几何形状的矢量地图水印算法,将其应用于某居民地面矢量数据,并提出了几何形状和坐标精度评价方法,对该水印嵌入算法的普适性和有效性进行分析与评价.     

一种鲁棒的矢量地图数据的数字水印

数字水印是多媒体数据版权保护的一种有效方法。为了将水印技术应用于矢量地图数据的版权保护,根据矢量地图数据各要素层所合数据的多少,设计两种不同的数据分类规则,以实现嵌入不同大小的水印信息。通过仿真实验,可以看出算法具有很好的不可感知性和鲁棒性,尤其是抵抗矢量地图数据最常受到的对数据正常的增加、删除、修改、局部裁剪等更新操作。     

矢量地图数据数字水印技术综述

矢量地图数据在网络环境下的共享机制,给各个领域都带来了极大的便利,但是其安全和版权保护问题也日益突出。数字水印技术作为版权保护的一种有效方法,成为人们关注的一个焦点。本文分析了矢量地图数据自身特点和常见处理方式;从建立映射关系、构造嵌入域、嵌入方式等3个步骤对空间域水印算法进行了详细分析,分析每种算法的优缺点,为下一步水印算法提供指导;对频率域水印算法进行了研究,并指出了频率域水印算法存在的问题;指出了矢量地图数据水印进一步的研究方向。     

一种多重水印嵌入的解决方案研究

由于矢量地图数据易于复制、分发等特点,同时矢量地图的制作成本高、安全性要求高等,使得用近年来新兴的数字水印技术对矢量地图数据进行保护,成为一个新的重要的研究方向.本文针对矢量地图数据的多重水印嵌入这一难题,提出了一种通过水印嵌入时生成附加信息的方式来进行水印多重嵌入的解决方案,并通过使用作者提出的抗道格拉斯压缩算法进行...     

基于空间特征的二维矢量地图可逆水印算法原理

可逆水印技术能够在精确提取水印信息的同时,完全无损恢复原始载体数据,更适用于矢量地图版权保护.提出一种基于空间特征的二维矢量地图可逆水印算法.该算法在保持矢量地图特征点相对位置的前提下,根据密钥对特征点位置进行非线性置乱,避免非授权用户对矢量地图高精度数据的使用,并在置乱后的特征,占'中嵌入水印信息,能够在提取水印信息的同时无损恢复原始矢量数据.实验结果表明该水印方案严格可逆,具有较好的隐蔽性.     

矢量地图点数据的盲水印算法

矢量地图点数据存储具有无序性。针对线数据的矢量地图水印算法不能直接应用于点数据的问题,该文提出了一种矢量地图点数据的盲水印算法。该算法将点数据的直角坐标转换为极坐标,自适应的划分扇形网格区域,并采用坐标映射与量化的方法嵌入水印信息。实验证明,该算法对裁剪、平移、删点、投影和坐标变换等操作,具有较好的鲁棒性,尤其是对裁剪操作,鲁棒性较强。     

一种面向地图对象的矢量地图数字水印方法

针对线状图层数据,面向地图对象,描述了一种能对2D矢量地图数据进行版权保护的水印算法。该算法把水印信息隐藏在地图对象的形状特征中,通过HASH排序和分组,把水印信息广泛地散布到图层中,并且实现了水印信息的盲检。实验表明,该算法具有很强的鲁棒性和实用性。     

定位篡改实体组的矢量地图脆弱水印算法

针对矢量地图数据的完整性认证问题,提出了一种定位篡改实体组的脆弱水印算法。首先将各个地理实体用其最小外接矩形的中点表征,在此基础上采用优化的k均值聚类对地理实体进行分组;然后通过构建实体组的完整性特征参数并结合混沌映射生成脆弱水印;最后将认证信息嵌入到排序处理后的坐标中。水印检测与嵌入过程相对应,通过对比检测出水印和生成水印的一致性,判断实体组是否遭到了篡改。实验结果表明,该算法在有效保持矢量地图数据精度的同时,能够对矢量地图的完整性作出准确认证,具有良好的篡改定位精度。     

基于区间映射和最大扰动区域的矢量地图可逆水印算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对传统矢量地图可逆水印算法往往因片面追求水印容量而容易暴露水印的问题,本文设计了一种扰动程度可控的矢量地图可逆水印算法。首先,基于量化索引调制的思想设计了坐标点的状态区间轴,利用水印信息调制坐标点的状态值实现水印的嵌入;然后,利用最大扰动区域方法限定坐标点状态区间的范围,确保水印信息的嵌入对数据的扰动控制在合理范围内,不会对数据质量造成较大影响;最后,将二进制水印信息十进制化,利用十进制数在最大扰动区域范围内调制坐标点的状态值,实现水印信息的大容量嵌入。试验结果表明,本文提出的矢量地图可逆水印算法不仅容量大,而且扰动程度可控,对常规几何攻击、坐标点攻击等具备较强的稳健性,能够较好地处理水印容量、不可见性及稳健性之间的相互制约关系。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。