附有约束条件的GPS模糊度快速解算

采用GPS相位观测值进行快速定位时,由于坐标与模糊度参数间的强共线性,造成浮点模糊度最小二乘解的精度很差,整周模糊度难以正确固定。在GPS的实际应用中,可以利用坐标参数与模糊度参数的约束条件,改善浮点模糊度的解算精度,减小整数模糊度的搜索空间。首先给出了这两类约束的通用模型,然后给出了不同情况下约束条件的具体形式,并导出了相应的GPS模糊度快速解算公式。用实例验证了算法的有效性。结果表明,采用约束条件,可排除大量错误的模糊度备选组合,从而提高模糊度的解算效率和成功率。因此,在GPS定位时,应尽可能利用各种约束条件。     

GPS/陀螺组合测姿中整周模糊度的快速解算

采用方向余弦矩阵描述姿态,建立GPS/陀螺组合姿态确定系统模型,由矩阵Kalman滤波方法解算整周模糊度的浮点解,然后再利用MCLambda方法得到整周模糊度固定解。仿真实验结果表明,附加方向余弦矩阵约束的Kalman滤波方法可以有效地提高整周模糊度浮点解的精度,使得整周模糊度的固定成功率和效率均得到提高,尤其是在GPS观测条件较差的情况下。     

附有基线长度约束的模糊度快速解算方法

在超短基线数据处理中,基线长度可以通过钢尺精确测量,把基线长度作为约束条件,提出了一种附有基线长度约束的快速解算模糊度的搜索新方法.根据双差观测方程得出模糊度浮点解,在浮点解周围建立模糊度搜索空间,利用基线长度约束条件搜索模糊度整数解,进而快速确定基线解.通过一个算例展示该方法的效果.     

中长基线GPS网络 RTK模糊度快速解算的一种新方法

提出采用选权拟合的正则化方法。利用参考站坐标准确已知的条件作为约束，设计出正则化矩阵，使法矩阵的病态性得到了较大的改善，只用几个历元的数据求解，能较准确得到模糊度的浮点解。在此基础上，结合LAMBDA方法可以快速地确定整周模糊度。以4条中长基线的实测数据为例，本文方法用5个历元的单频L1数据就能求解出整周模糊度。与现有方法相比，新方法可采用单频GPS数据实现中长基线GPS网络RTK的整数模糊度快速解算，而且可靠性好，有良好的应用前景。     

一种用于GPS整周模糊度OTF求解的整数白化滤波改进算法

提出一种用于整周模糊度OTF求解的整数白化滤波改进算法。该算法首先对整周模糊度的协方差矩阵进行整数白化滤波处理 ,以降低整周模糊度间的相关性 ,然后构造搜索空间来判定是否需要进行搜索。如果需要 ,则通过搜索来确定变换后的整周模糊度 ;如果不需要 ,则通过直接取整来确定整周模糊度 ,进而得到原始的整周模糊度和基线分量的固定解。初步试验结果显示 ,采用改进方法解算整周模糊度可以提高成功率和解算效率     

GPS短基线整周模糊度的直接解法

提出了在位移值较大的情况下(0.7 m),通过多种载波相位组合,解算短基线GPS整周模糊度的方法。导出了在解算过程中保证L1和L2载波的整周模糊度N1和N2为整数的条件,从而将DC(direct calcu-lation)算法[1]不仅推广到大变形的情况,而且推广到短基线GPS整周模糊度的解算,解决了快速准确解算短基线GPS整周模糊度的问题。     

进化策略搜索单频GPS整周模糊度研究

本文提出利用进化策略算法搜索单频GPS整周模糊度,即先利用序贯最小二乘估计降低法矩阵维度,利用正则化算法得到比较接近模糊度真值的浮点解,以此为初值确定搜索范围,并利用进化策略算法搜索模糊度固定解。算例结果表明,该方法能在1min内固定整周模糊度,动态定位结果与GrafNav解算结果误差在2.5cm之内。     

GPS快速定位方程的病态性对整周模糊度及基线解的影响

GPS快速定位的数据处理一般是基于整数最小二乘理论,参数估计通过浮点解、整周模糊度的搜索、固定解三个步骤实现。当观测时间较短时,观测量间具有较强的相关性,用LS估计未知数的法方程严重病态,导致模糊度及基线浮点解与其正确值差距较大。本文通过实例研究了不同观测时间的GPS快速定位方程的病态性程度及其对模糊度和基线解的影响,计算结果表明当观测时间少于2分钟时,采用LS结合LAMBDA法难以求出可靠的固定解。     

基于搜索空间构造模糊度搜索方法的可靠性

整周模糊度的正确求解关系到GPS精密定位结果的正确性,搜索法解算整周模糊度的原则是获得目标函数的整数解作为模糊度参数的解,文中分析了各种不同搜索方法构造搜索空间的特性,比较了不同搜索方法对模糊度解算可靠性的影响,即通过搜索,不同的方法能否获得满足目标函数的一组整数解.     

单历元GPS测姿中病态方程解算方法的分析

在分析几种常用的病态方程解算方法的基础上,结合多波束测量的实际情况,提出用基线长度和角度约束来提高基线向量先验信息的精度,使得整周模糊度浮动解的解算精度得到改善。     

FirCAR算法的OTF快速定位方法

根据GNSS不同频率间整周模糊度的约束关系,提出一种基于多频整周模糊度间关系约束的模糊度新算法(dual-frequency integer relationship constrained ambiguity resolution,FirCAR)。FirCAR可快速动态解算出高高度角卫星的整周模糊度,将已经固定的整周模糊度视为高精度的伪距观测值应用到下一步的浮点解重算中。结合模糊度搜索算法,如LAMBDA,在模糊度搜索方面的高效性,根据重算后的浮点解进一步解算其他未固定的模糊度解。模糊度固定成功后,即可实现OTF(on the fly)快速定位。实测数据表明,FirCAR算法在静态和动态观测条件下,模糊度初始化所用的平均观测历元数分别为1.04和1.10。与常规的模糊度搜索算法的对比试验表明,结合FirCAR算法模糊度固定所用的观测历元数分别减少了39%和18%。     

改进的ARCE方法及其在单频 GPS快速定位中的应用

基于TIKHONOV正则化原理，设计了一种正则化矩阵的构造方法，将ARCE(ambiguity resolution using constraint equation)方法进行了改进。通过新的正则化矩阵的作用，减弱了GPS快速定位中少数历元情形下法矩阵的病态性，得到了比较准确的模糊度浮动解，大大减小了模糊度的搜索范围，利用ARCE方法固定模糊度的成功率高。并结合一个算例，验证了本文改进方法的效果。     

用遗传算法搜索GPS单频单历元整周模糊度

介绍了短基线利用单频单历元双差载波相位定位时模糊度固定的基本理论，探讨了利用遗传算法快速搜索GPS单频单历元整周模糊度的一些理论和实现的方法．提出了用改进的正则化方法改善浮动解来提高搜索成功率的新思路。算例分析表明，在一定的条件下．应用遗传算法搜索整周模糊度成功率高、稳键性较好。     

单频GPS短基线快速定位中的少数历元算法

研究了短基线时利用少数历元的单频GPS载波相位观测值进行快速定位的一种算法。基于TIK-HONOV正则化原理，选择了一种具有物理意义的正则化矩阵，以减弱法矩阵的病态性。新算法只需解算几个历元的单频GPS相位数据，就可得到比较准确的模糊度浮动解及其相应的均方误差矩阵，用均方误差矩阵代替协方差阵，结合LAMBDA方法，可准确、快速地确定模糊度，最后得到基线向量的解。结合短基线算例，将少数历元算法与最小二乘估计的结果作了比较分析，得出了新解法的有效性。     

GNSS ambiguity resolution with controllable failure rate for long baseline network RTK

Many large-scale GNSS CORS networks have been deployed around the world to support various commercial and scientific applications. To make use of these networks for real-time kinematic positioning services, one of the major challenges is the ambiguity resolution (AR) over long inter-station baselines in the presence of considerable atmosphere biases. Usually, the widelane ambiguities are fixed first, followed by the procedure of determination of the narrowlane ambiguity integers based on the ionosphere-free model in which the widelane integers are introduced as known quantities. This paper seeks to improve the AR performance over long baseline through efficient procedures for improved float solutions and ambiguity fixing. The contribution is threefold: (1) instead of using the ionosphere-free measurements, the absolute and/or relative ionospheric constraints are introduced in the ionosphere-constrained model to enhance the model strength, thus resulting in the better float solutions; (2) the realistic widelane ambiguity precision is estimated by capturing the multipath effects due to the observation complexity, leading to improvement of reliability of widelane AR; (3) for the narrowlane AR, the partial AR for a subset of ambiguities selected according to the successively increased elevation is applied. For fixing the scalar ambiguity, an error probability controllable rounding method is proposed. The established ionosphere-constrained model can be efficiently solved based on the sequential Kalman filter. It can be either reduced to some special models simply by adjusting the variances of ionospheric constraints, or extended with more parameters and constraints. The presented methodology is tested over seven baselines of around 100 km from USA CORS network. The results show that the new widelane AR scheme can obtain the 99.4 % successful fixing rate with 0.6 % failure rate; while the new rounding method of narrowlane AR can obtain the fix rate of 89 % with failure rate of 0.8 %. In summary, the AR reliability can be efficiently improved with rigorous controllable probability of incorrectly fixed ambiguities.     

Double-epoch algorithm in rapid positioning using single frequency GPS receivers

A new algorithm, called as Double-Epoch Algorithm (DEA) is proposed in GPS rapid positioning using two epoch single frequency phase data in this paper. Firstly, the structure characteristic of the normal matrix in GPS rapid positioning is analyzed. Then, in the light of the characteristic, based on TIKHONOV regularization theorem, a new regularizer is designed to mitigate the ill-condition of the normal matrix. The accurate float ambiguity solutions and their MSEM (Mean Squared Error Matrix) are obtained, using two epoch single frequency phase data. Combined with LAMBDA method, DEA can fix the integer ambiguities correctly and quickly using MSEM instead of the covariance matrix of the ambiguities. Compared with the traditional methods, DEA can improve the efficiency obviously in rapid positioning. So, the new algorithm has an extensive application outlook in deformation monitoring, pseudokinematic relative positioning and attitude determination, etc.     

Double-epoch algorithm in rapid positioning using single frequency GPS receivers

A new algorithm, called as Double-Epoch Algorithm (DEA) is proposed in GPS rapid positioning using two epoch single frequency phase data in this paper. Firstly, the structure characteristic of the normal matrix in GPS rapid positioning is analyzed. Then, in the light of the characteristic, based on TIK-HONOV regularization theorem, a new regularizer is designed to mitigate the ill-condition of the normal matrix. The accurate float ambiguity solutions and their MSEM (Mean Squared Error Matrix) are obtained, using two epoch single frequency phase data. Combined with LAMBDA method, DEA can fix the integer ambiguities correctly and quickly using MSEM instead of the covariance matrix of the ambiguities. Compared with the traditional methods, DEA can improve the efficiency obviously in rapid positioning. So, the new algorithm has an extensive application outlook in deformation monitoring, pseudokinematic relative positioning and attitude determination, etc.     

单频GPS快速定位中病态问题的解法研究

研究只利用少数历元GPS载波相位观测值进行快速定位时的新解法.在分析病态法矩阵结构特性的基础上,基于TIKHONOV正则化原理,提出一种选择正则化矩阵R的新方法,减弱法方程的病态性.与其他方法相比,新方法得到与模糊度准确值更接近的浮动解及其相应的均方误差矩阵.结合LAMBDA方法,用均方误差矩阵代替协方差阵确定模糊度的搜索范围,可准确快速地确定模糊度,最后得到基线向量的解.结合算例,将新解法与最小二乘估计、岭估计和截断奇异值法分别结合LAMBDA方法解算模糊度的结果进行比较分析,展示新解法的效果.