云南澜沧老厂地洼型银铅矿床的地球化学特征及成因

澜沧老厂地洼型银铅矿床的主要成矿物质铅锌银铜主要来自地洼期隐伏岩体,其次是来自地槽构造层(围岩),其中火山岩仅可能提供部分锌;成矿时间为87～50Ma,形成温度为200～350℃;成矿热液为以金铜系列初始岩浆水为主,伴有大气降水掺加;铜与铅锌银不关联。该矿床不是地槽阶段海西-印支期的火山沉积矿床或远成中低温热液矿床,而是地洼阶段燕山晚期至喜山早期形成的与地洼隐伏岩体有关的中偏高温多因复成矿床。     

陕西商州龙庙铅锌矿床特征及成因探讨

产于早—中元古界宽坪岩群广东坪岩组中的陕西商州龙庙铅锌矿床,受变形—变质作用、构造和岩性的控制。构造韧性变形阶段控制条纹、条带状贫矿石的形成,脆性变形阶段控制着脉状富矿石的形成。硫、铅同位素特征研究表明成矿物质主要来源于下部地壳或上地幔,次为地层。成矿热液主要为变质水,成矿时代为加里东期。矿床成因属热液型铅锌矿床。     

关陵根铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

关陵根铅锌矿床位于西秦岭北带关子镇—太阳寺加里东构造带上。为揭示该地区铅锌等多金属成矿规律和控矿因素,从区域地质背景、含矿建造以及成矿构造等几个方面讨论了关陵根铅锌矿床的成矿条件,通过分析初步认为,该矿床为较典型的中低温岩浆热液型矿床,铅锌等主要成矿物质为深部来源,成矿具有多阶段的特点。     

阔尔真阔腊浅成低温热液金矿床成矿作用与成矿模式初探

对阔尔真阔腊金矿床的成矿温度、微量元素与稀土元素含量、流体包裹体成份、硫、氢、氧、铷、锶等同位素资料的分析对比 ,探讨了该金矿床的成矿作用及其主要过程。认为该金矿床是一产于地洼区的浅成低温热液矿床 ,具有一系列多因复成矿床的基本成矿特征 ,其成矿至少经历了海西期地槽阶段的低温热液富集及中亚期地洼阶段的活化改造这两个重要阶段 ,并建立了其新的成矿模式。     

达拉松超大型金矿床成矿学特征及其演化

达拉松金矿床位于俄罗斯东亚地区,是世界驰名的超大型金矿床之一。矿床形成具有经历过多个大地构造成矿阶段、多种成因成矿和多种金来源的特征。主成矿作用是中低温热液作用,成矿热液和成矿驱动力与中生代地洼阶段构造-岩浆活化有密切关系。成矿热液中的金来自地槽阶段海西期花岗岩内的金再造和地洼阶段的深部金源。热液成矿后矿区地壳继续隆起,导致风化剥蚀作用强烈发育,在达拉松河谷阶地内形成沉积砂金矿化。因而,该矿床的形成类似于层控金矿床原理,只是矿源层在该区应为矿源岩体。矿区内既有内生金成矿富集,又有外生砂金成矿富集,共同组成一个超大型金矿床。据此将该矿床列为多因复成金矿床类型。     

福建省梅仙铅锌银矿田成矿地质特征和成因模式

梅仙铅锌银矿田形成于裂谷成矿环境，具有块状硫化物矿床特征，成矿物质和成矿热液有多来源特征，成矿经历了同生沉积、变质改造和岩浆热液叠加三个阶段，并与闽中裂谷带的构造演化密切相关，提出了“三阶段”成因模式。     

天台地洼型含金银铅锌矿床定位过程的研究

文中应用微结构物理类比法和成矿实验模拟法,研究了赋于中国东南地洼构造层中含金的银铅锌矿床的定位成矿过程。认为该矿床的形成,可分为两个过程,即大气降水活化、萃取地洼火山岩系中成矿元素的非定位过程和热液爆破角砾化系统定位成矿过程。显示出这类矿床具有:成矿热液是由隐伏深成岩对下渗大气降水的加热,流体源于岩浆水及大气水;近南向高角度断裂制约的双循环体系,以及成矿作用双机制(矿源层中活化、萃取机制和热液爆破沸腾沉淀机制)等特点的多因复成矿床。     

陕西铅锌矿类型及其找矿方向

通过对陕西以往和新发现铅锌矿资源成果的分析、总结，将陕西铅锌矿床成因类型划为四级，其中一级划为内生矿床、外生矿床、变质矿床及叠生矿床；二级划为层控矿床、区域变质矿床、沉积矿床、火山成因矿床、热液矿床、接触交代（矽卡岩）矿床及伟晶岩矿床，其中区内最重要的铅锌矿床成因类型为层控矿床，次为区域变质矿床；与主要铅锌矿床有关的成矿系列初步划分为4个矿床成矿系列组合，6个成矿系列类型，9个成矿系列，其中主要与铅锌矿床有关的成矿系列为海底热液喷流-沉积铅锌矿床成矿系列、与热水渗滤作用有关的铅锌矿床成矿系列、海底喷流沉积-热液改造铅锌铜矿床成矿系列；与铅锌成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区（带）有5条，有关的Ⅳ级成矿区（带）有7条，主要铅锌成矿区（带）有12条，其中铅锌重点成矿区（带）有7条，即铅硐山-黄柏源铅锌铜成矿带、银硐子-桐木沟银铅锌铜重晶石成矿带、东川-小川铅锌铜成矿带、锡铜沟-板岩镇铅锌金汞锑成矿带、赵湾-黄石板铅锌金成矿带、阳平关-朱家坝古生代铅锌钴磷海泡石成矿区和勉县茶店子-宁强青木川金银铅锌铜硫成矿带。     

内蒙古翁牛特旗荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床成矿流体性质与成因

荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床发育在内蒙古西拉木伦河北侧、翁牛特旗少郎河铅锌多金属成矿带内。矿区出露的侵入岩主要为黑云母二长花岗岩、闪长玢岩等;矿体受断裂构造控制作用明显,属热液脉型铅锌矿床。矿化分为两个阶段:早期交代作用阶段和晚期裂隙充填阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,石英脉中主要发育气液两相包裹体。成矿流体从早阶段到晚阶段,其温度、盐度和压力等逐渐降低,具有中低温(170℃~316℃)、低盐度(1.2%~3.7%NaCleqv)的特点,成矿压力为11.83~24.30 MPa;稳定同位素碳、氢、氧证据显示了成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水两部分组成的混合流体参与成矿作用的特点。综合分析认为,荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床成矿物质为深源岩浆在构造活动时期再次活化,与下地壳及赋矿围岩发生部分熔融形成,并在断裂构造有利位置富集成矿。荷尔勿苏铅锌矿属中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。     

河北丰宁牛圈银金矿床构造地质特征

牛圈银金多金属矿,华北地洼北缘。成矿条件明显受燕山晚期地洼活动－陆壳伸展运动所形成的断裂构造和火山机构控制,矿床呈隐爆角砾岩筒状,具浅成低温热液型矿床特征。     

S,Pb, and Sr isotope geochemistry and genesis of Pb–Zn mineralization in the Huangshaping polymetallic ore deposit of southern Hunan Province,China

The Huangshaping Pb–Zn–W–Mo polymetallic deposit, located in southern Hunan Province, China, is one of the largest deposits in the region and is unique for its metals combination of Pb–Zn–W–Mo and the occurrence of significant reserves of all these metals. The deposit contains disseminated scheelite and molybdenite within a skarn zone located between Jurassic granitoids and Carboniferous sedimentary carbonate, and sulfide ores located within distal carbonate-hosted stratiform orebodies. The metals and fluids that formed the W–Mo mineralization were derived from granitoids, as indicated by their close spatial and temporal relationships. However, the source of the Pb–Zn mineralization in this deposit remains controversial.Here, we present new sulfur, lead, and strontium isotope data of sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and pyrite) from the Pb–Zn mineralization within the deposit, and these data are compared with those of granitoids and sedimentary carbonate in the Huangshaping deposit, thereby providing insights into the genesis of the Pb–Zn mineralization. These data indicate that the sulfide ores from deep levels in the Huangshaping deposit have lower and more consistent δ³⁴S values (− 96 m level: + 4.4‰ to + 6.6‰, n = 13) than sulfides within the shallow part of the deposit (20 m level: + 8.3‰ to + 16.3‰, n = 19). The δ³⁴S values of deep sulfides are compositionally similar to those of magmatic sulfur within southern Hunan Province, whereas the shallower sulfides most likely contain reduced sulfur derived from evaporite sediments. The sulfide ores in the Huangshaping deposit have initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.707662–0.709846) that lie between the values of granitoids (0.709654–0.718271) and sedimentary carbonate (0.707484–0.708034) in the Huangshaping deposit, but the ratios decreased with time, indicating that the ore-forming fluids were a combination of magmatic and formation-derived fluids, with the influence of the latter increasing over time. The lead isotopic compositions of sulfide ores do not correlate with sulfide type and define a linear trend in a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram that is distinct from the composition of the disseminated pyrite within sedimentary carbonates and granitoids in the Huangshaping deposit, but is similar to the lead isotopic composition of sulfides within coeval skarn Pb–Zn deposits in southern Hunan Province. In addition, the sulfide ores have old signatures with relative high ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios, suggesting that the underlying Paleoproterozoic basement within southern Hunan Province may be the source of metals within the Huangshaping deposit.The isotope geochemistry of sulfide ores in the Huangshaping deposit shows a remarkable mixed source of sulfur and ore-forming fluids, and the metals were derived from the basement. These features are not found in representative skarn-type Pb–Zn mineralization located elsewhere. The ore-forming elements (S, Pb, and Zn) from the granitoids made an insignificant contribution to sulfide precipitation in this deposit. However, the emplacement of granitoids did provide large amounts of heat and fluids to the hydrothermal system in this area and extracted metals from the basement rocks, indicating that the Jurassic magmatism associated with the Huangshaping deposit was crucial to the Pb–Zn mineralization.     

Age and Tectonic Setting of Mesothermal Magmatic Hydrothermal Vein‐Type Pb–Zn–(Ag) Mineralization in the Xiaohongshilazi Deposit,Central Jilin Province,Northeast China

The Xiaohongshilazi deposit located in central Jilin Province, Northeast China, is a newly discovered and medium‐scale Pb–Zn–(Ag) deposit with ore reserves of 34,968 t Pb, 100,150 t Zn, and 158 t Ag. Two‐stage mineralization has been identified in this deposit. Stratiform volcanic‐associated massive sulfide (VMS) Pb–Zn mineralization interbedding with the marine volcanic rocks of the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Daheshen Formation was controlled by the premineralization E–W‐trending faults. Vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization occurs within or parallel to the granodiorite and diorite porphyries controlled by the major‐mineralization N–S‐trending faults that cut the stratiform mineralization and volcanic rocks. To constrain the age of vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization and determine the relationship between mineralization and magmatism, we conducted LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircon from the ore‐bearing granodiorite and diorite porphyries and Rb–Sr dating on metal sulfide. Granodiorite and diorite porphyries yield zircon U–Pb weighted‐mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 203.6 ± 1.8 Ma (Mean Standard Weighted Deviation [MSWD] = 1.8) and 225.6 ± 5.1 Ma (MSWD = 2.3), respectively. Sulfides from four vein‐type ore samples yield a Rb–Sr isochron age of 195 ± 17 Ma (MSWD = 4.0). These results indicate a temporal relationship between the granodiorite porphyry and vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization. The granodiorite associated with vein‐type mineralization has high SiO₂ (68.99–70.49 wt.%) and Na₂O (3.9–4.2 wt.%; Na₂O/K₂O = 1.07–1.10) concentrations, and A/CNK values of 0.95–1.04; consequently, the intrusion is classified as a high‐K, calc‐alkaline, metaluminous I‐type granite. The granodiorite porphyry is enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Th, U, and K) and light REE and is depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) and heavy REE, indicating that it represents a subduction‐related rock that formed at an active continental margin. Furthermore, the granodiorite porphyry has Mg# values of 31–34, indicating a lower crustal source. Based on petrological and geochemical features, we infer that the ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry was derived from the partial melting of the lower crust. In summary, mineralization characteristics, cross‐cutting relationships, geochronological data, and regional tectonic evolution indicate that the region was the site of VMS Pb–Zn mineralization that produced stratiform orebodies within the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian marine volcanic rocks of the Daheshen Formation, followed by mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein‐type Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization associated with granodiorite porphyry induced by the initial subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic.     

新疆阿尔泰萨热阔布-铁木尔特地区两类矿化及成因

新疆阿尔泰南缘萨热阔布-铁木尔特一带的矿床均赋存于下泥盆统康布铁堡组的变质岩系中。早泥盆世的海相火山形成了Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿化,晚泥盆世--早石炭世的碰撞造山相应形成了Cu--Au 石英脉矿化; 前者以铁木尔特VMS 型Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床为代表,后者以造山型萨热阔布金矿为代表,与造山有关的脉状矿化还叠加在铁木尔特等VMS 矿床中。通过对比两类矿化的稳定同位素特征,结合矿化的变形变质和流体包裹体特征,研究了成矿物质、成矿流体来源和矿床成因。萨热阔布金矿主成矿阶段硫化物石英脉和铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床中晚期发育的含黄铜矿石英脉中均富含碳质 ( CO2--CH4--N2 ) 流体包裹体,可能与碰撞造山的热液流体作用有关。铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床中代表VMS 期的浸染状矿石中硫化物δ34S 为－26. 46 × 10-3 ～ －19. 72 × 10 -3,硫主要来源于海水硫酸盐的无机还原和细菌还原作用; 而代表后期叠加改造的脉状矿化硫化物值与萨热阔布金矿床硫化物石英脉中δ34S 值接近,硫主要来源于造山过程中的深源流体。萨热阔布金矿床硫化物石英脉和铁木尔特Zn-- Pb ( Cu) 矿床晚期含黄铜矿石英脉的δDH2O 值和δ18OH2O 值,均反映了碰撞造山期热液与岩浆活动和变质作用有关。萨热阔布金矿硫化物石英脉中碳质流体包裹体CO2 体系中δ13 C 为－ 21. 15 × 10-3 ～ －7. 51 × 10 -3,CH4 体系的δ13C 为－34. 11 × 10 -3 ～ －28. 38 × 10-3 ; 铁木尔特Zn--Pb ( Cu) 矿床含黄铜矿石英脉中碳质包裹体测得的δ13C 为－8. 02 × 10 -3 ～ －6. 99 × 10 -3,δ13 C 特征与海相火山沉积无关,具岩浆源或深部源的特点。     

Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U-Pb Zircon and 40Ar-39Ar Muscovite Ages of the Yinshan Deposit in the Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China

The Yinshan deposit in the Jiangnan tectonic belt in South China consists of Pb‐Zn‐Ag and Cu‐Au ore bodies. This deposit contains approximately 83 Mt of the Cu‐Au ores at 0.52% Cu and 0.8 g/t Au, and 84 Mt of the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores at 1.25% Pb, 1.02% Zn and 33.3 g/t Ag. It is hosted by low‐grade metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks of the lower Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group, and continental volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Erhuling Group and dacitic subvolcanic rocks. The ore bodies mainly consist of veinlets of sulfide minerals and sulfide‐disseminated rocks, which are divided into Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore bodies. The Cu‐Au ore bodies occur in the area close to a dacite porphyry stock (No. 3 stock), whereas Pb‐Zn‐Ag bodies occur in areas distal from the No. 3 stock. Muscovite is the main alteration mineral associated with the Cu‐Au ore bodies, and muscovite and chlorite are associated with the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores. A zircon sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U‐Pb age from the No. 3 dacite stock suggests it was emplaced in Early Jurassic. Three ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar incremental‐heating mineral ages from muscovite, which are related to Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization, yielded 179–175 Ma. These muscovite ages indicate that Cu‐Au mineralization occurred at 178.2±1.4 Ma (2σ), and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization at 175.4±1.2 Ma (2σ) and 175.3±1.1 Ma (2σ), which supports a restricted period for the mineralization. The Early Jurassic ages for the mineralization at Yinshan are similar to that of the porphyry Cu mineralization at Dexing in Jiangnan tectonic belt, and suggest that the polymetallic mineralization occurred in a regional transcompressional tectonic regime.     

The Paleoproterozoic carbonate-hosted Pering Zn–Pb deposit, South Africa: I. Styles of brecciation and mineralization

The Pering deposit on the Ghaap Plateau, Northwestern Province, South Africa, was the largest of several Zn–Pb occurrences hosted by Neoarchean platform dolostones of the Transvaal Supergroup. With a Paleoproterozoic mineralization age, these occurrences are widely regarded as the oldest representatives of Mississippi Valley-type Pb–Zn deposits. Hosting an initial resource of 18 Mt at an average grade of 3.6 wt% Zn and 0.6 wt% Pb, the Pering deposit was mined from 1984 until its final closure at the end of November 2002. In this study, available geological and grade distribution maps were evaluated and complemented by the examination of mining-related outcrops, drill core, and a large set of ore and host rock samples. Four different styles of brecciation can be distinguished at the Pering deposit: (1) pyritic rock matrix breccia; (2) chemical wear breccia; (3) mosaic breccia; and (4) crackle breccia. Geological and mineral paragenetic observations on these different breccia types suggest that the formation of the Pering deposit commenced with an initial stage of hydrothermal karstification. Large volumes of pyritic rock matrix breccia formed by wall rock collapsing into the open space attributed to carbonate dissolution. This stage of hydrothermal karstification acted as ground preparation for the subsequent mineralization event. By the upward advance of the hydrothermal karstification process, fluid reservoirs in the previously undisturbed dolostone host rock succession were tapped, ultimately leading to fluid mixing. Hydrothermal sulphides are the most abundant where fluid mixing was most effective, i.e. along the outer and upper margins of the breccia bodies, and in stratabound zones along permeable host rock units. Chemical wear brecciation and formation of large volumes of fine-grained replacive sphalerite mineralization mark the early stage of hydrothermal Zn–Pb mineralization associated with this fluid mixing. The fine-grained stage of sulphide mineralization was succeeded by very coarse-grained open-space-infill mineralization. The latter is very uniform across the entire deposit and typically cements mosaic and crackle breccia, but also fills remaining open space within chemical wear brecciated portions of the deposit.     

内蒙古东升庙、甲生盘中元古代SEDEX矿床同生断裂活动及其控矿特征

东升庙Zn -Pb -Cu矿床和甲生盘Zn -Pb矿床具有鲜明的层控特征, 前者产在中元古界狼山群二组中, 后者则局限在中元古界渣尔泰山群阿古鲁沟组第二岩段内.二者产出层位相当, 根据(1) 含矿地层有岩相(性) 的突变; (2) 含矿岩段地层厚度顺走向和倾向变化性大、厚度突变现象明显, 并存在层间砾岩和滑塌角砾岩, 角砾成分为大小不一的白云石大理岩块、碳质千枚岩、石英团块、凝灰岩块、变粒岩块、变质火山岩碎块、黑云母片岩碎块; (3) 矿体总体呈层产出, 但有一些Zn -Pb -Cu矿体突然变薄, 甚至消失, 形成鱼头状矿体, 且发育角砾状矿石, 角砾成分与层间砾岩的相同, 且还含Pb -Zn矿石或Py矿石角砾; (4) 火山岩或凝灰岩夹层顺同生断裂带分布, 确认其唯一容矿岩组形成过程中有明显的同生断裂活动.同生断裂系统是含矿热水和火山熔浆进入沉积盆地的通道, 是两大矿床形成的有利因素, 但其活动频率、规模与持续时间的差异, 也造成不同的矿床规模和矿体分布.东升庙矿床同生断裂活动时限相对长、矿床规模大、矿种多.甲生盘矿床同生断裂活动时间短, 矿床规模为大型.      

铅、锌流-熔分配实验结果及其在矿床成因研究中的应用

本文用铅、锌在花岗质硅酸盐熔体与流体间的分配实验确立了铅、锌的流-熔分配系数(D^V/L)与氯化钠摩尔浓度[^mNaCl]（0-6mol/L）间的3个线性关系式以及D^V/L与F/Cl、K/Na摩尔比值间的变化关系。     

广西大厂长坡锡多金属矿地质特征及矿化富集规律

文章在阐述长坡锡多金属矿床地质特征的基础上总结了矿化富集规律：①长坡锡多金属矿床由上部锡石硫化物矿体和下部夕卡岩型锌铜矿体组成,锡石-硫化物型矿体形态主要表现为大脉型、细脉带型以及似层状;夕卡岩型锌铜矿化主要沿赋矿岩石的裂隙充填、交代,形成细脉状、层状以及浸染状矿化,矿体分为2段,南西段为锡多金属硫化物矿,北东段为锌铜矿;②长坡锡多金属矿床具有明显的水平以及垂向分带特征,平面上从岩体中心向外依次为Zn,Cu→（W,Sb）→Sn,Zn→Sn多金属→（Pb,Zn,Ag）;垂向上自下而上依次为Zn,Cu→Sn,Zn→Sn多金属→（Pb,Zn,Ag）;③长坡锡多金属矿床矿化富集与构造关系密切,尤其是次级构造部位,矿化富集程度高。夕卡岩型锌铜矿富集受花岗岩体影响明显,靠近花岗岩体矿化增强。     

鄂西北竹山银洞沟银金矿床构造控矿特征

银洞沟银金矿床位于扬子地台北缘武当推覆体西部,产于武当群变火山岩组与变沉积岩组间的顺层型韧性剪切带中,与构造变形密切相关。晋宁期的伸展作用产生了顺层型韧性剪切带,韧性变形变质作用促使原岩中银金等贵金属、多金属元素活化迁移,随剪切变形变质热液在强应变带中沉淀,形成初始矿源层。印支期的陆陆碰撞作用,促成不同层次面型剪切带岩石褶皱、韧脆性推覆,成矿元素从初始矿源层中再次活化、运移,随着沿褶皱轴面劈理发育的烟灰色糜棱岩化石英脉的形成,沉淀富集于石英脉中,形成银金矿床。脆性变形的叠加,使含矿石英脉产生扭动,促使成矿元素的局部富集,形成透镜状或板状矿体。成矿元素的垂直分带是由构造环境的变化导致成矿元素的叠生作用而形成的。多硅白云母及白云母年龄的测定表明该矿床的成矿期为印支期。