雷山县农村防灾减灾工作思考

农村是防灾减灾工作的重点,也是难点。抓好农村防灾减灾工作,增强防灾抗灾能力,是构建和谐新农村,促进农村经济社会发展的迫切需要,是促进农民增收和农村社会稳定的重要措施之一。     

2018年湖南省农村自然灾害社会脆弱性测度

农村社会发展状况与自然灾害发生频率和强度息息相关,提高农村自然灾害社会脆弱性对农村社会发展及实现乡村振兴战略具有重要作用。以湖南省各地级市州农村为研究对象,从敏感性和恢复力两个维度建立社会脆弱性指标评价体系,采用熵值法、模糊综合评价法和函数法测算敏感性、恢复力和脆弱性指数,分析2018年湖南省农村自然灾害社会脆弱性。结果表明,湖南省农村社会脆弱性空间分异特征明显,呈现“东低西高”的分布格局;多数地区的农村社会脆弱性处于低位水平,地区分异显著,具有两极分化分布特点,张家界地区最高,长沙和衡阳地区最低。在中低社会脆弱性的农村,恢复力指数对社会脆弱性贡献最大,其中最为显著的便是社会公共事业的建设水平和基础设施的完善水平。在高社会脆弱性的农村,敏感性指数对社会脆弱性贡献度最大。     

合浦县农村气象科技服务信息网浅淡

近年来在全国各地先后开展的农村气象科技服务信息网,是气象部门落实《国务院关于加强农村社会化服务体系建设的通知》精神,面向农村市场,拓宽气象专业服务领域的一个举措。工作开展得正常和卓有成效的单位,往往提高了本单位的自我发展能力,促进了当地农村经济的发展...     

健全农村气象服务网推进我省科技兴农

1 现状 自1988年以来,我省农村气象服务网发展很快,到1992年末,已普及全省96％的县(市)、88％的乡镇、10％的自然村,全省基本形成了以市、县气象局为发射中心、乡镇为中转站,自然村为接收点的农村气象科技服务网络。这些服务网为农村经济的发展发挥了显著作用。     

农村综合经济信息网网络结构设计

文中从当前信息技术的发展情况和农村综合经济信息网网络的发展方向方面考虑，提出了几种农村综合经济信息网网络结构的设计。主要讨论了WAP无线上网的结构及其可行性。     

大办农村气象哨好

在毛主席革命路线指引下,我省农村气象哨有了很大的发展,群众办气象这个社会主义的新生事物更加茁壮成长,显示了强大的生命力。目前我省有农村气象哨1000多个,比文化大革命初期的1966年增加了近10倍;有不脱产的农村气象员2500余人,形成了一支以贫下中农为主体、知识青年为骨干的群众性的管天队伍。     

贵州农村气象信息服务现状和需求调查研究

做好农村气象信息服务,提升农村气象防灾减灾能力,是关系农村经济社会发展和农民切身利益的大事,也是近年气象部门的重要工作内容。进一步提高农村气象服务质量和水平,首先必须深入了解并全面掌握农村气象信息服务的现实情况。该文在3 a问卷和访谈调查的基础上,研究分析了贵州农村气象信息服务的现状和需求,并针对存在的问题提出相关建议,以期为气象部门进一步提高农村气象信息服务质量和效果提供信息参考。     

着力加强四大能力建设努力提升气象为农村改革发展服务水平

阐述了新时期推进农村改革发展对气象工作提出的新要求,以及农村防灾减灾、保障粮食安全、发展现代农业、农业应对气候变化对气象服务的新需求。面对新要求、新需求,江西气象部门必须坚持以科学发展观为指导,以服务农村经济社会发展和农民福祉安康为宗旨,以提高面向“三农”气象服务能力为核心,加快推进城乡公共气象服务均等化,着力建设发展适应江西省农业防灾减灾、农业应对气候变化、粮食安全保障、社会主义新农村建设需要的现代农业气象业务,着力发展农村公共气象服务,着力提升气象为农服务科技水平,努力实现气象为农村改革发展服务的新突破。     

气象为农村发展改革服务的思考

总结近年来陕西省气象为农服务工作的成绩与经验,通过对当前陕西省气象为农业服务工作中存在问题的剖析以及新形势下推进农村发展改革对气象服务的需求分析,提出加强气象为农村发展改革服务的思路和措施,结果对进一步开创陕西省气象为农服务工作新局面有指导意义。     

基于J2EE的“贵阳·农村信息化综合信息服务平台”设计

“贵阳·农村信息化综合信息服务平台”的建设,为农民提供了一个对外的信息窗口,为农村架起了信息桥梁,促进了农村信息化的发展,推进了现代化农业的发展、新农村的建设,有效地促进了农民的增收。     

浅谈县站农经网的发展

随着信息时代的到来，承载信息的网络愈来愈受到人们的关注。气象部门利用其自身的“网络”优势，黑龙江省气象局与省农办联合于2000年2月制定了以气象网络为主建设农业经济信息网(简称农经网)的方案，并通过了省政府办公会议的审定。     

Gust factors over open water and built-up country

Data are presented of the gust factorG =u ^max/, both at 8-m height over a lake and up to 80-m height at the edge of a town. It is argued that, due to the presence of trends in long-period averages, the use of arithmetic or least-squareG-averages leads to overestimation of the dependence ofG on wind speedu, and medianG-values are preferable. A simple non-spectral model for gustiness at high wind speeds in the constant-stress layer is proposed and checked. The model relatesG to surface roughness and height above surface for gust wavelengths up to 200 m. The gust factor concept is shown to be inadequate for characterizing thunderstorm gustiness.     

What makes a ‘REDD’ country?

Despite remaining uncertainties, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD) projects are being planned and implemented across the tropics, primarily targeting countries with high forest cover and high deforestation rates. However, there is growing recognition that REDD planning requires a broadened approach; a future REDD mechanism should incentivise emissions reduction in all developing forested countries, and should address critical non-carbon dimensions of REDD implementation—quality of forest governance, conservation priorities, local rights and tenure frameworks, and sub-national project potential. When considering this broader suite of factors, different REDD priorities can emerge, including in countries with low forest cover that would be overlooked by conventional site selection criteria. Using the Philippines as a case study, the paper highlights the importance of an enabling environment to REDD implementation, and presents a more comprehensive and inclusive approach for thinking about what comprises a “REDD country.”     

The economic diplomacy of geoengineering

Geoengineering is a new term, still seeking a definition. It seems to imply something global, intentional, and unnatural. For the radiation balance, geoengineering may be fifty years in the future; today's means may be out of date then, and the future means are not yet known. It might immensely simplify greenhouse policy, transforming it from an exceedingly complicated regulatory regime to a problem in international cost sharing, a problem that we are familiar with. Putting things in the stratosphere or in orbit can probably be done by exo-national programs, not depending on the behavior of populations, not requiring national regulations or incentives, not dependent on universal participation. It will involve merely deciding what to do, how much to do, and who is to pay for it.     

国外公路交通气象研究进展

开展公路交通气象监测预报预警服务工作是实现公路交通安全和畅通的有效保障。文中重点回顾了国外在道路天气信息系统(Road weather information system,RWIS)选址布设、路面温度与状况预报以及交通气象影响和评估技术领域的研究工作进展,比较了以上研究工作的优缺点的同时,展望了未来发展趋势。通过研究得出:国外公路交通气象研究考虑信息丰富,方法多样。RWIS选址和优化技术由经验性和定性研究逐步向定量化的方向发展。路面温度与状况预报技术侧重于基于地表能量辐射平衡理论的数值模式预报方法改进和概率预报技术研究。交通气象影响评估技术趋向于风险预报技术和应用研究。对开展国内公路交通气象技术研究工作具有参考价值。     

新安县旱涝灾害及防御措施

分析了新安县旱涝灾害变化趋势及其原因,并提出了防御措施.     

On climate change and economic analysis

Climatic change and its societal impacts have been a topic of considerable concern over the last decade. Economic analysis would seem to have much to contribute to society's understanding of the importance of this issue, yet the contributions of prior analyses have been limited. Consideration from a decision-analytic perspective suggests that more useful insights could be gained by evaluating the effects of a changing (rather than changed) climate and the potential adaptations of society to that changing climate. Linking physical and economic models of differing levels of aggregation can be useful in analyzing a changing climate.S. T. Sonka is Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Principal Scientist at the Illinois State Water Survey. P. J. Lamb is Principal Scientist and Head, Climate and Meteorology Section, Illinois State Water Survey, and Professor, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.     

Improving deep decarbonization modelling capacity for developed and developing country contexts

Energy models are essential for the development of national or regional deep decarbonization pathways (DDPs), providing the necessary analytical framework to systematically explore the system transitions that are required. However, this is challenging due to the long time horizon, the numerous data requirements and the need for transparent, credible approaches that can provide insights into complex transitions.

This article explores how this challenge has been met to date, based on a review of the literature and the experiences of practitioners, drawing in particular on the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project (DDPP), a collaborative effort by 16 national modelling teams. The article finds that there are a range of modelling approaches that have been used across different country contexts, chosen for different reasons, with recognized strengths and weaknesses. The key motivations for use of a given approach include being fit-for-purpose, having in-country capacity and the intertwined goals of transparency, communicability and policy credibility.

From the review, a conceptual decision framework for DDP analysis is proposed. This three step process incorporates policy priorities, national characteristics and the model-agnostic principles that drive model choices, considering the needs and capabilities of developed and developing countries, and subject to data and analytical practicalities. Finally an agenda for the further development of modelling approaches is proposed, which is vital for strengthening capacity. These include a focus on model linking, incorporating behaviour and policy impacts, the flexibility to handle distinctive energy systems, incorporating wider environmental constraints and the development of entry-level tools. The latter three are critical for application in developing countries.

Policy relevance

Following the Paris Agreement, it is essential that modelling approaches are available to enable governments to plan how to decarbonize their economies in the long term. This article takes stock of current practices, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches and proposes how capacity can be strengthened. It also provides some practical guidance on the process of choosing modelling approaches, given national priorities and circumstances. This is particularly relevant as countries revisit their Nationally Determined Contributions to meet the global objective of remaining well below a 2°C average global temperature increase.