铜改性坡缕石的结构特征与抗菌性能研究

采用液相离子交换法制备了铜改性坡缕石,通过正交实验得到的最佳改性工艺条件为:母液初始浓度为0.02 mol/L,反应温度95℃,常压,反应时间6 h。所制备的Cu2 改性坡缕石对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌48 h抑菌率分别达到了87.3%和82.2%。对铜改性坡缕石的晶体结构特征和微观形貌的测定和分析结果表明,铜改性坡缕石仍然保持着坡缕石的基本晶体结构,但结晶度有所降低,晶体颗粒更易分散,单晶表面略显粗糙,单晶的长度有所变小。     

富镁与贫镁坡缕石在热处理下的结构变化研究

研究了安徽明光富镁坡缕石和江苏盱眙贫镁坡缕石热处理后的结构变化,结果表明:富镁坡缕石八面体片对称性好,晶体结构稳定性高,结晶度高,热稳定性好;贫镁坡缕石八面体片中存在连续八面体空位,对称性差,晶体结构稳定性低,结晶度差,热稳定性差。在脱除结晶水和羟基过程中,富镁坡缕石由正交晶系转变为单斜晶系,层间距变小,孔道变形、塌陷但一直保持链层结构,显示晶质特性;而贫镁坡缕石的晶体结构发生折叠,链层结构逐步破坏,700℃煅烧后部分四面体片遭到破坏,虽然显示多晶特性为主,但开始出现非晶化现象。     

富镁和贫镁坡缕石及其酸浸蚀产物的红外吸收光谱研究

本文对两个富镁和贫镁坡缕石的红外吸收光谱高频区的拟合结果表明,富镁坡缕石(p0)和贫镁坡缕石(g0)的八面体离子的配置有区别,前者除出现Mg3OH振动外,MgM2口OH振动的比例比AlM2口OH振动的大,后者则反之。经酸短时间浸蚀的和未经浸蚀的坡缕石红外吸收光谱相比,除部分吸收峰(如3560cm^-1)的峰形发生明显变化外,其余各吸收峰的峰形相似、强度稍有变化,且Siu-O-SiD的不对称振动吸收峰向低波数方向偏移、对称吸收峰向高波数方向偏移;坡缕石中790cm^-1左右的吸收峰的归属是不明确的,据实验确认它是由Siu-O-SiD的对称吸收所致;由985cm^-1、1030cm^-1、1080cm^-1和1200cm^-1左右4个吸收峰组成Si-O骨架振动吸收带的峰形、强度和峰位移反映了酸浸蚀过程中坡缕石的结构改变。两个坡缕石经360h盐酸浓度为1mol／L和3mol／L浸蚀后,所得产物的粉末X射线衍射谱虽仍具有坡缕石的衍射线,但它们的红外吸收光谱却只有与表面OH振动、物理吸附水相关的OH振动和几个SiO振动吸收峰,而无代表八面体振动、硅氧骨干中的大部分SiO振动和晶格中的结晶水的振动,说明酸对坡缕石浸蚀的最后产物是以硅氧为主。     

贫镁和富镁坡缕石的热变化规律研究

贫镁和富镁坡缕石受热时表现出不同的热变化规律。物相分析表明,将提纯样品加热到设定温度并保温2h后,贫镁坡缕石经历了失水和玻璃相阶段:300℃以下晶体结构基本没变,350℃开始发生"折叠作用",400℃以上晶体结构被完全破坏,生成玻璃相;富镁坡缕石经历了失水、玻璃相和新晶相(顽火辉石)阶段:300℃以下晶体结构基本没变,350~500℃发生"折叠作用",600~950℃生成玻璃相,950℃以上生成顽火辉石雏晶。富镁坡缕石保持热稳定性的温度低于600℃,贫镁坡缕石的低于400℃。     

Cd~(2+)胁迫下小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)对岩溶水HCO_3~-、Ca~(2+)利用研究——以桂林寨底地下河为例

初级生产者藻类对维持生态系统稳定具有重要的意义。2012年底广西龙江重金属Cd~(2+)污染对其下游水体中水生生物造成了严重的彩响,为了解Cd~(2+)对岩溶水体中藻类碳汇效应的影响,针对广西龙江重金属Cd~(2+)污染,文章通过室内封闭培养体系研究了在0、10、20、40μmol/L不同Cd~(2+)浓度胁迫下,小球藻对岩溶水中游离CO_2、HCO_3和Ca~(2+)的利用情况以及体系中pH和生物量的相应变化。结果表明:当Cd~(2+)浓度在0~10μmol/L时,小球藻对岩溶水中Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-的利用基本上没有受到影响;当Cd~(2+)浓度在10~40μmol/L时,对小球藻利用Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-具有一定的抑制作用;当Cd~(2+)浓度高于40μmol/L时,小球藻将不能利用岩溶水中Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-同时pH漂移实验表明:当Cd~(2+)浓度在0~20μmol/L时,小球藻能同时利用岩溶水中游离CO_2和HCO_3~-进行光合作用;Cd~(2+)浓度为10μmol/L时,体系中藻细胞生物量与空白对照组基本相同;当Cd~(2+)浓度在20~40μmol/L时,小球藻只能利用岩溶水中游离CO_2进行光合作用;当Cd~(2+)浓度为20μmol/L时,藻细胞生物量为空白对照组的一半;当Cd~(2+)浓度为40μmol/L时,小球藻生物量仅为20μmol/L时的一半。     

纵波作用下边坡动力响应规律研究

地震工程的观点认为水平地震力是引起岩土体破坏的决定性因素,竖向地震力的影响则微不足道。鉴于汶川地震中表现出竖向地震力对边坡和建筑造成极大破坏,本文利用FLAC软件对不同坡高、坡角的边坡在不同周期、振幅的纵波作用下边坡动力响应规律做了数值模拟研究。结果表明:坡高较低时,振动加速度在1/2坡高以下范围内随高程逐渐增大, 1/2坡高以上则保持不变,当坡高增大时,振动加速度变化出现律动性,坡顶附近较其他部位存在明显的放大; 坡角的增大会造成振动加速度放大幅度的增大; 振动加速度随动力振幅的增大而增大,并呈明显的线性关系; 振动加速度随地震波周期的增大逐渐减小。     

酸活化坡缕石对土壤中Cd的钝化效果研究

为探究不同浓度H_2SO_4溶液活化的坡缕石对土壤中Cd的钝化效果,使用浓度分别为5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%、15%的H_2SO_4溶液对坡缕石进行活化,加入Cd污染土壤进行钝化实验和盆栽实验。结果表明:施加不同浓度H_2SO_4溶液活化的坡缕石均能显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,10%的H_2SO_4活化的坡缕石钝化效果最显著,毒性浸出(TCLP)和二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)提取态Cd含量分别降低31.11%和37.33%。通过欧洲共同体参考机构(BCR)连续提取法测定结果表明酸活化坡缕石能显著降低土壤中Cd的酸溶态含量和还原态含量,酸活化坡缕石能显著抑制玉米对土壤中Cd的吸收和地下部分向地上部分的转移,使玉米地上部分Cd的含量相比对照组降低26.99%～43.97%,玉米地下部分Cd的含量相比对照组降低15.36%～27.40%。酸活化坡缕石对土壤中的Cd有明显的钝化效果。     

铜在坡缕石中的吸附位置和吸附机理研究

对四个吸附铜的坡缕石的解吸附实验研究表明,被解吸附的铜来自于坡缕石的表面和纤维状晶体的网状空隙。吸附铜的坡缕石的X射线光电子能谱（XPS）上出现了932．5eV和933．7eV的光电子峰,表明坡缕石表面的铜以Cu^＋和Cu^2＋的形式存在;傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）上八面体离子的吸收峰出现规律性偏移,其中Mg3OH和Al2□OH吸收峰向高频方向移动了3～5cm^-1,部分铜离子进入到坡缕石的晶体结构的通道中;电子顺磁共振谱上（ESR）出现了g=2．34、2．12、2．08和2．05等4个信号：表明铜离子位于H^＋难以到达的位置。吸附铜的坡缕石的矿物学研究及其解吸附实验的结果均表明铜在坡缕石中以3种形式存在：①以Cu^＋和Cu^2＋的形式吸附在坡缕石纤维的表面,与坡缕石表面的悬空氧成键;②以ECu（H2O）4]^2＋的形式存在于坡缕石的晶体结构的微空腔中（通道）;③以Cu^2＋的形式存在于坡缕石晶体结构中的硅氧四面体六元环的底部或八面体位。     

海底蚀变玄武岩中次生组分去除实验研究

选择有大量次生方解石沉淀的海底蚀变玄武岩为研究对象,研磨、均一化后将粉末样品分为49份,其中48份分别以0.25,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 mol/L 6种浓度的足量HCl溶解0.5,1,2,4,8,16,32,64 h,选取溶解残渣测定其主要氧化物和特征微量元素含量,研究确定HCl溶解法去除海底玄武岩中次生组分的浓度—时间组合。结果表明,1.0 mol/L-0.5 h,1.0 mol/L-1 h,1.0 mol/L-2 h,1.0 mol/L-4 h,1.5 mol/L-0.5 h,1.5 mol/L-1 h,2.0 mol/L-0.5 h,2.0 mol/L-1 h和2.5 mol/L-0.5 h等9种HCl浓度—时间组合是可供去除海底蚀变玄武岩中次生碳酸盐的理想方案。     

坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学特征

研究了坡缕石对水中直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学,在初始质量浓度为30~50 mg/L,转速为100~200 r/min,以及温度为303~348 K的范围内,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,坡缕石对直接耐酸大红4BS的吸附是外表面吸附,吸附表观活化能为11.92 kJ/mol,说明此吸附是由液膜扩散控制的物理吸附过程。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with