基于Hough变换的建筑物半自动提取

提出了一种基于Hough变换的建筑物半自动提取方法。该方法针对由人工给定建筑物的初始角点并通过统计屋顶主方向对Hough变换的搜索范围和搜索角度进行限制,从而稳定快速地提取出屋顶的边缘。然后利用最小二乘的方法对提取出的屋顶边缘进行精确对中,实现了对平顶直角建筑物以及人字形建筑物的有效提取。     

利用LiDAR和航空影像的屋顶边缘提取及优化

提出以LiDAR为辅助数据对航空影像的规则建筑物进行边缘提取和优化的方法。首先采用Alpha Shapes算法对点云数据进行初始边缘提取,同时规则化初始边缘;再利用屋顶点云辅助航空影像的建筑物分离,采用Canny算子和Hough变换对建筑物分离后影像进行边缘提取,并用LiDAR规则边缘对Hough变换结果进行边缘优化。对比单独运用航空影像进行边缘提取的结果表明,采用优化方法后,提高了屋顶边缘提取的准确性,得到了较完整的建筑物边缘。     

基于Hough变换的航空影像建筑物半自动提取

针对Hough变换不能检测直线段的缺点,提出了一种改进的Hough变换用于影像中矩形建筑物的半自动提取。同传统Hough变换相比,改进的Hough变换充分利用了Hough变换的参数空间数据,将Hough变换的“投票”过程和直线段的检测过程融为一体,获得直线段的端点坐标。根据直线段的端点坐标消除虚假直线段的过连接,并根据直线段的角度、距离条件合并直线段。最后通过直线段上的若干点利用最小二乘法拟合出一条最佳直线,通过计算最佳直线的交点确定建筑物的角点坐标,完成影像中建筑物的半自动提取。实验结果表明:用改进的Hough变换算法提取出的航空影像中建筑物边缘结果是正确的,定位精度较高。     

Haar-like特征在稀疏建筑物检测中的应用

以高原无人区稀疏建筑物为研究对象,将Hough变换、Haar-like特征与AdaBoost算法相结合构造强分类器,利用高分辨率遥感影像快速精确地从无人区检测出固定稀疏建筑物。首先对影像进行边缘检测、Hough变换的直线提取与几何旋转校正,将实际可能是任何角度的建筑物旋转成水平或垂直状态,再将旋转后图像提取Haar-like特征后利用AdaBoost算法进行分类。实验证明,该算法原理简单,能有效解决仅用Haar-like特征精度不适应建筑物角度多变的问题,说明了Hough变换直线特征提取与Haar-like矩形特征提取多角度稀疏建筑物的可行性,为快速精确检测无人区的稀疏建筑物提供了新思路。     

基于LIDAR数据的建筑物自动化重建

对基于LIDAR数据的建筑物重建进行研究,提出了一种自动化的建筑物重建方法.根据建筑物的边缘线通常互相垂直或平行这一特点对提取的轮廓线进行规则化.然后在屋顶三角网中随机选取种子三角形进行区域生长,将屋顶分割成不同的平面,通过平面相交得到建筑物的屋脊线.最后通过搜索离建筑物轮廓点最近的LIDAR点云,将搜索到的LIDAR点云高程值赋给该轮廓点.实验结果表明:利用该方法进行建筑物重建具有较高的精度.     

基于机载LiDAR数据的建筑物轮廓提取

建筑物轮廓作为建筑物三维重建的重要元素，在建立智慧城市和数字城市中至关重要。本文针对从机载激光雷达点云中提取建筑物轮廓数据处理的点云滤波、建筑物屋顶面提取、建筑物轮廓提取，以及提取精度评定各环节存在的一些问题，提出了一种综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法。该方法在对机载LiDAR点云数据去噪的基础上，首先利用改进的区域生长算法滤波地面点，并基于地物点到地面的归一化高程特征通过高度阈值去除高度较为低矮的地物点；再基于三维Hough变换算法从剩余建筑物和高大树木点云中提取建筑物平面；最后使用α-shape算法提取建筑物的轮廓信息。对使用RIEGLVQ-1560i机载激光雷达测量系统扫描的某城区点云数据进行计算，通过匹配度、形状相似度和位置精度等评价指标对提取的建筑物轮廓进行精度评定。结果表明，综合区域生长改进算法、三维Hough变换算法和α-shape算法的建筑物轮廓提取方法可以准确提取建筑物的轮廓信息，对于大范围的建筑物轮廓提取具有稳定性和普遍适用性。     

高分辨率航空影像建筑物垂直边缘线提取技术研究

高分辨率航空影像建筑物垂直边缘线的提取在获取建筑物高度信息和检测建筑物过程中可以发挥重要的作用。分析建筑物垂直边缘线在遥感影像上的特性,在遥感影像边缘检测和细化基础上,利用带约束条件的Hough变换实现建筑物垂直边缘线的提取,通过实验验证该方法的可行性。     

建筑物平行直线的提取

利用具有保护边缘的中值滤波消除图像的噪声，再用二阶微分算子（Laplace算子）提取图像边缘点，后经Hough变换，准确地检测出建筑物的平行直线。     

一种基于点云数据快速生成建筑物断面图的方法

提出了一种基于点云数据快速生成建筑物断面图的方法,首先利用设计的裁剪面对建筑物断面进行截取,得到该断面的边缘点云数据,形成断面边缘点云的二维平面数据;通过改进的Hough变换算法提取出共线点云,并对共线点云进行去噪、分割;采用选权迭代法拟合提取出的线状点云数据,找出各条线段端点,进而对端点进行连线绘制断面图。编程实现了基于点云数据快速生成建筑物断面图的算法,通过工程实例验证了该方法的可靠性和实用性。     

一种有效的直线提取算法

直线是城区中道路、建筑物以及机场等人工环境下的主要特征,进行直线的提取具有很强的实际意义。首先针对影像建立高斯滤波模型去噪,然后进行边缘检测,在边缘影像上进行Hough变换,通过端点检测的方法来获取直线。试验对比结果表明,该算法可以在航空影像和遥感影像中提取出真实的地物直线。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。