关于岩石学-构造地质学矿床成因学的观察(英文)

人类自远古就注意到了周围的岩石和矿物,为了生存或出于好奇,人们设法去查明它们并弄清楚它们的性质。作为工具制造者的人类主要是通过观察才学会鉴别某些岩石类型的。观察也使人类得以认识不同的矿物、岩石和金属。人类通过观察也更加了解了它们的性质及其可能的用途,对岩石和矿物观察得越仔细,也就对它们了解得越多,于是为了更好地进行观察,人们则不可避免地会迫使自己去增强观察能力、改进仪器设备。在人类漫长的历史中,在过去几千年里所经历的更加细致的观察和更加深入的了解的历程是从简单的透镜过渡到最为复杂和先进的带有观察分析设备的微探针仪器的。观察帮助人们去对岩石和矿物进行分类,并且主要是通过观察结果及其分析而发展出岩相学岩石学。通过比较观察结果来弄清楚岩石的成因。观察结果引导人们去认识岩石类型和一定的金属的关系,同时观察结果也引导人们去弄清楚矿床成因学。此外,通过观察结果人们认识到金属和矿脉之间的关系,而且人们最后认识到矿脉是为脉石与金属（金属矿物）所充填的裂隙系统。也是通过观察使人们认识到一定的金属产出于一定的岩石之中。与矿脉构造裂隙的概念相类似,人们通过观察结果认识到岩层的变形,而对褶皱和断层的观察则无疑是构造地质学发展的基础?     

新书《成因矿物学与找矿矿物学》评介

矿物学发展至今,已经出现了不少的分支学科。总起来说,矿物学有三个主要的方向,即矿物晶体化学方向、矿物物理学方向和成因矿物学的方向。其中晶体化学和矿物物理学越向纵深发展,似乎离它的母学科——地质学越来越远,相反,越来越向化学、物理学和材料科学靠近。成因矿物学则不然,越是发展,就越深深地扎根在地质学的土壤中。成因矿物学把矿物学和生产实际密切联系起来。     

岩矿测试工作展望

地质学科发展史表明,认识岩石和矿物的技术方法的变革,极大地影响着地质学科发展的速度和水平.十九世纪二十年代,光学显微镜在地质学领域中的应用,使人们对地质由宏观物理性质、几何形状和总体化学成分的观察,发展到矿物的光学性质、地质体的显微矿物成分、地质体的显微结构和构造及其与地质体宏观现象之间的相关关系的认识,为岩石学、矿相学和光性矿物学提供了     

浅议地质工作中发明创造的专利保护

地质科学是一门很早就发展起来的科学。早期人们仅限于对天体、地球、岩石、矿物、各种地质现象的成因和组成以及生命的产生和发展等地质基础科学的研究,很少同生产活动直接联系起来。随着认识的提高和科学技术的发展,相继产生了许多应用科学,如工程地质学,环境地质学、地震地质学、遥感地质学等,使地质科学同生产建设产生了联系密切。尤     

全国第三届金矿成因矿物学与找矿矿物学学术会议在四川举行

全国第三届金矿成因矿物学与找矿矿物学学术研讨会于1990年9月11—15日在四川省芦山县和宝兴县召开。会议由中国矿物岩石地球化学学会成因矿物及找矿矿物学委员会与四川省矿物岩石地球化学学会联合举办。参加会议的71名代表分别来地矿部、冶金部、中科院、     

第一届全国黄金矿床矿物学与成因矿物学学术会议简况

经中国科协及中国矿物岩石地球化学学会理事会批准,全国黄金矿床矿物学与成因矿物学学术会议于1983年10月5日至10日在山东省掖县、由矿床矿物成因矿物学专业委员会与山东省地质学会联合召开。会议由矿床矿物成因矿物学委员会主任陈光     

第一届全国矿床矿物成因矿物学术会议在成都召开

中国矿物岩石地球化学学会,会同四川省矿物岩石地球化学学会,于1980年11月12日至17日在成都召开了全国第一届矿床矿物成因矿物学术会议。出席会议的代表有334人。分别来自全国205个单位。四川省矿物岩石地球化学学会理事长张汉卿在开幕词中指出:矿床矿物学和成因矿物学的研究,在矿床成因、成矿规律、找矿勘探、矿产综合利用以及地     

成因矿物学与找矿矿物学学术研讨会(第一号通知)

为纪念我国著名矿物学家陈光远先生诞辰九十周年,中国矿物岩石地球化学学会成因矿物学与找矿矿物学专业委员会、地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室和中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院联合中国矿物岩石地球化学学会环境矿物学专业委员会和中国地质学会矿物学专业委员会,定于2010年10月在中国地质大学（北京）召开“资源环境与生命过程中的成因矿物学——纪念陈光远教授诞辰90周年”学术研讨会。     

欢迎投稿 欢迎订阅北大核心CSCD

《矿物岩石》创刊于1980年,由四川省科学技术协会主管,四川省矿物岩石地球化学学会和成都理工大学共同主办的自然科学中文核心期刊,向国内外公开发行的地质学类学术杂志。本刊坚持党的基本路线,提倡学术自由,贯彻“双百”方针,以“精专业、展前缘、突创新、多融合”为办刊理念。主要报道与矿物岩石相关学科的重要基础理论、研究现状、最新动态、高水平研究成果以及国内外矿物岩石学界重大事件和重要信息,主要内容包括矿物学岩石学矿床学;矿床地质学;构造地质学.     

"世纪之交的中国矿物学"全国学术讨论会纪要

“世纪之交的中国矿物学”全国学术讨论会是由中国矿物岩石地球化学学会所属的矿物物理及矿物结构专业委员会、新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会、矿物岩石材料专业委员会、成因矿物专业委员会以及中国地质学会所属的矿物专业委员会、非金属矿产地质专业委员会、矿产资源综合利用专业委员会联合发起的一次全国性的矿物学学术讨论会。会议由南京大学地球科学系及内生金属成矿机制国家重点实验室承办,于2000年5月22～26日在南京大学举行。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.