水下声学主动定位技术及其在载人潜水器上的应用

水下声学主动定位技术通过声应答的方式实现水下目标定位,主要分为长基线、短基线和超短基线等三种定位系统。它是海洋开发领域中的一个非常重要的组成部分,为水下目标探测、定位跟踪、海底地形勘探和水下遥控作业等各种高精度工作提供技术支持。在探讨以上三种水下声学主动定位技术的同时,并以"蛟龙号"为例,分析其在载人潜水器上的应用。     

长基线声学定位系统发展现状及其应用

声学定位技术是各类水下潜器的必备技术之一。重点介绍了水下长基线声学系统的组成、工作原理及国内外发展现状,分析了该技术的应用方向,为我国长基线声学定位技术的发展和应用提供参考。     

长基线声学定位系统发展现状及其应用

声学定位技术是各类水下潜器的必备技术之一。重点介绍了水下长基线声学系统的组成、工作原理及国内外发展现状,分析了该技术的应用方向,为我国长基线声学定位技术的发展和应用提供参考。     

水声定位技术的应用

1前言目前在水下进行定位和导航最常用的方法就是声学方法。由水下声发射器及接收器相互作用,可以构成声学定位系统。按接收基阵或应答器阵的基线长度,可分为长基线、短基线和超短基线三种声学定位系统。根据不同的定位要求,可以利用不同的定位系统。声学定位技术是对已知目标在一个特定的时间和空间中进行定位的技术。随着电子计算机微处理技术的发展和应用,它可以实时、快速、连续自动地显示出所需要的位置信息。声学定位系统与其它导航系     

海面非对称航迹对海底定位精度影响分析

海底基准点定位精度和可靠性均与定位几何构型有关。为探讨海面非对称走航条件下声学测距误差对海底基准定位的影响,从声速误差影响函数出发,构建了顾及定位精度与系统误差影响的海面-海底控制网综合优化准则。考虑声速场常系统误差和声速场时变系统误差,开展了非对称走航观测仿真实验。结果表明：关于海底基准点中心对称的海面控制网,可以将声速场常系统误差的影响降到最低,而声速时变系统误差对海底基准点定位的影响,会随着定位构型几何强度的衰减在水平、高程分量间相互转化。     

水下导航定位技术在大洋科考调查中的应用

水下声学定位、惯性导航定位、多普勒声纳以及组合导航定位是目前我国大洋科考调查工作中的几种主要水下导航定位技术。通过分析常规调查装备、ROV、AUV和载人潜水器等4类主要水下科考设备的导航定位系统实测数据,给出不同水下导航定位模式的现场作业精度,为我国大洋科考调查工作中水下导航定位技术的选择与应用等工作提供参考。     

HiPAP100水下定位系统在海底摄像中的应用

分析了HiPAP100高精度声学定位系统及其水下定位原理,阐述了影响水声传播的因素及HiPAP100的解决办法,介绍了水下定位系统在我国海洋区域地质调查海底摄像测站作业中的应用,分析比较海底摄像常规定位与HiPAP100超短基线的定位精度,说明水下定位在海底摄像等水下拖曳和定点作业中的必要性和重要性。     

声学滑翔机技术现状及发展趋势

声学滑翔机是一类搭载声学观测设备的自主式无人水下航行器,是无人水声观测设备中的重要组成部分。声学滑翔机可以在复杂恶劣的海洋环境下对一定海域进行全方位、全天候、长时间的持续监测。 首先对声学滑翔机的国内外技术现状及在海洋中的应用进行总结,随后对声学滑翔机的关键技术进行了分析, 重点论述了声学滑翔机声学设备搭载技术、减振降噪技术及小尺度阵信号处理技术,最后给出了声学滑翔机未来的发展趋势。     

水下声学定位和导航技术

本文介绍了短基线、超短基线和长基线的声学定位原理和特性。文章还对声学导航、水下跟踪。水下声学定位的应用、海洋工程用的导航技术、海洋勘探以及海洋地球物理调查等问题进行了讨论。     

水声定位技术的发展现状与展望

文章简述了传统的3种声学定位系统的工作原理、系统构成以及各自的优缺点,分别举例说明了市场上典型产品的性能、应用情况,并重点介绍了当前声学定位技术发展的新情况,预测了声学定位技术在未来的发展趋势。     

海底观测网深水设备精准定点布放方法研究

海底观测网因其实时、长期、连续、高精度时钟同步及原位等优势而逐渐成为人类研究海洋的新型平台,建设规模和应用水深都在不断扩大。海底观测网系统建设中,深水设备的精准定点布放及湿插拔作业是施工的难点。针对国内海底观测网精准定位布放作业存在的困难和问题,结合国内现有施工条件,提出一种大深度海底设备精准定点布放安装方法,实现南海深海海底观测网试验系统深水设备精准定位布放与ROV湿插拔作业,对未来大规模海底观测网及其它深水工程中设备的精准定点布放和安装,具有参考和借鉴意义。     

基准网平差初至波定位方法及应用

在滩浅海地震勘探中,由于海水深度和潮流的变化,在水面上按照预定位置沉放的检波器,在海底不可能放置在预定的位置。为此,利用基准网平差初至波定位方法对海底检波器位置进行了准确的二次定位,并对初至波二次定位和声波二次定位进行了比较分析。基准网平差初至波定位方法在KD-1滩浅海地区高精度地震勘探应用中取得了良好的效果。     

Shipboard towers for Global Positioning System antennas

Two 12.2 m-high towers for mounting Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver antennas were designed and constructed to provide millimeter-level stability while maintaining portability and accessibility to satellites and deck spaces. A combination of guys and a 3-m horizontal strut provide roll and pitch stability of 2–3 mm observed from 0.1 seconds to 12 days using a combination of GPS and optical/laser devices. The shipboard antenna mounts connect sub-aerial GPS positioning to underwater acoustic ranging that determine the centimeter-level location of seafloor transponders. Observed annually, these seafloor geodetic positions measure seafloor crustal motion for geophysical studies.     

四点长基线深海定位模型建立方法及精度分析

高精度水下定位技术对于维护国家海疆安全、海洋权益和国民经济建设具有十分重要意义和实际应用价值。根据射线在水中的传播特性,利用双曲面定位方法建立长基线深海定位模型,通过计算机仿真获得4 000 m水下信源在10 km~2正方形范围内的定位误差精度及分布规律。结果表明:浮标网络中心位置定位精度最高,可得到亚米级;离中心位置越远,定位精度越差。     

Underwater Terrain Positioning Method Based on Least Squares Estimation for AUV

To achieve accurate positioning of autonomous underwater vehicles, an appropriate underwater terrain database storage format for underwater terrain-matching positioning is established using multi-beam data as underwater terrain-matching data. An underwater terrain interpolation error compensation method based on fractional Brownian motion is proposed for defects of normal terrain interpolation, and an underwater terrain-matching positioning method based on least squares estimation (LSE) is proposed for correlation analysis of topographic features. The Fisher method is introduced as a secondary criterion for pseudo localization appearing in a topographic features flat area, effectively reducing the impact of pseudo positioning points on matching accuracy and improving the positioning accuracy of terrain flat areas. Simulation experiments based on electronic chart and multi-beam sea trial data show that drift errors of an inertial navigation system can be corrected effectively using the proposed method. The positioning accuracy and practicality are high, satisfying the requirement of underwater accurate positioning.     

双曲面模型深海三维定位数据模拟及精度分析

结合声波射线传播规律提出了双曲面模型水声定位的数据模拟方法。利用该方法模拟一定浮标网形下声源位于某区域约2 000m水深处10km×10km范围内的声线双曲面模型定位观测数据,进行定位解算,并将截止角的概念引入水声定位中。定位结果显示,大部分区域水下DGPS定位系统的外符合定位精度在水平方向优于5m,垂直方向优于10m;网形中间区域精度较高,三维定位精度为亚米级。引入角度限制后,定位区域内外符合定位精度水平方向优于1m,垂直方向优于4m。     

超短基线定位的海上应用及精度评估

超短基线定位系统可以为水下调查设备提供精确的定位信息,是当今海洋探测工作必不可少的装备。超短基线定位系统的定位结果包含了多种来源的误差影响,对超短基线定位数据进行有效的处理是保证水下精确定位的前提。本文通过对超短基线基阵进行校准,并对其定位精度进行精度评估,对海上应用采集到的数据进行处理分析,对原始数据中出现的跳点进行剔除、滤波处理,得到较可靠的水下定位结果。     

基于北斗定位导航系统的水下监测平台出水报警定位信标机设计与实现

由于海洋内部环境复杂多变,加之渔业捕捞作业范围和深度的逐步扩大,对水下监测平台的安全构成了极大威胁。而且,在水下平台的海上回收作业过程中,恶劣海况、海雾、海面光反射等不利因素无不给回收过程造成很大麻烦,一旦平台浮出海面后漂出视距范围,将面临丢失风险。文中借助北斗定位导航系统,结合压力检测电路,设计并实现了一种可用于水下平台意外出水报警、出水后实时定位的卫星定位信标机系统,经多次应用,证明性能稳定可靠。     

Accuracy assessment of GPS/Acoustic positioning using a Seafloor Acoustic Transponder System

The accuracy of GPS/Acoustic positioning is crucial for monitoring seafloor crustal deformation. However, the slant range residual is currently the only indicator used to evaluate the precision of positioning seafloor transponders. This study employs a unique Seafloor Acoustic Transponder System (SATS) to evaluate the accuracy of GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning. The SATS has three transponders and an attitude sensor in a single unit, which provides true lengths of transponder baselines and true attitude of the SATS to ensure assessment reliability and validity. The proposed approach was tested through a GPS/Acoustic experiment, in which an off-the-shelf acoustic system was used to collect range measurements. Using GPS/Acoustic geodetic observations, the positions of three transponders on the SATS were estimated by an optimization technique combined with ray-tracing calculations. The accuracy of the GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning is assessed by comparing the true baselines and attitude with the results derived from the position estimates of the three transponders. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the robustness of the GPS/Acoustic positioning results to changes of sound speed. Experimental results demonstrate that the use of the SATS can help to assess the validity of the GPS and acoustic travel time measurements in the GPS/Acoustic seafloor positioning.     

Study mobile underwater positioning system with expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs

The purpose of the current study is to introduce a set of mobile underwater positioning systems (MUPS) that will enable non-offshore vessels to execute underwater missions. Besides mobility, the system would also possess the advantage of having to use fewer acoustic instruments than conventional acoustic positioning systems. The method adopted by the system will involve the use of expendable and multi-functional bathythermographs (XBT) to measure the underwater acoustic speed and the depth of water at the same time. Then it must utilize the geometric relations formed by measuring the position of underwater targets at set intervals during navigation. In addition, since sound does not travel in a straight line when underwater, the iteration and convergence method must be used to perform corrections on the transmission speed and positional errors to obtain an accurate coordinate of the underwater target. After simulation testing, the positioning system established by the current study has proven to be fast in converging the error values along with high positioning accuracy of the system. The results of the study indicate that the MUPS built by the research institute can be utilized on a vessel, and will be very helpful in assisting the management of urgent underwater positioning missions.