AMS ~(14)C测年揭示的渤海湾沿海低地第Ⅱ海相层年龄

在渤海湾沿海低地地区获得4个机械钻孔,结合AMS14C测年方法,对Ⅱ海的年龄进行了研究。结果显示,在Ⅱ海所在层位获得的14C样品年龄均大于43.5ka BP,说明渤海湾沿海低地地区Ⅱ海形成于MIS 3早期或MIS 5,而不是前人认为的23~39ka。建议在前人地层结构研究成果的基础上,系统开展Ⅱ海年龄研究。     

AMS~(14)C测年揭示的渤海湾沿海低地第Ⅱ海相层年龄(Ⅱ)

在初步获得渤海湾海河南部沿海低地第Ⅱ海相层年龄大于43.5ka BP的基础上,在沧州北部和海河北部的沿海低地又利用6个新的机械钻孔岩心,建立了2条垂直于现代岸线的长剖面。根据沉积物岩性和有孔虫查明了第Ⅱ海侵层在剖面中的空间分布,并获得一组新的AMS~(14)C年龄数据。结果显示,在第Ⅱ海相层中新获得的9个AMS~(14)C年龄同样均大于43.5ka BP。至此,渤海湾3条垂直现代岸线剖面10个钻孔的第Ⅱ海相层的21个AMS~(14)C年龄均大于43.5ka BP,进一步证实了普遍发育于渤海湾沿海低地的第Ⅱ海相层形成于MIS 3阶段早期或MIS 5阶段,而不是前人认为的23~39ka BP。     

渤海湾西岸QX02孔Ⅱ海的识别及OSL年龄

以渤海湾沿海低地的QX02孔为研究对象,进行了沉积岩石学分析和底栖有孔虫统计,结合加速器质谱~(14)C测年和光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年,探讨了该孔记录的第Ⅱ海相层埋深和形成时代。第Ⅱ海相层厚度11.4m,记录相对海面高度-26.83~-15.43m。AMS~(14)C年龄表明,Ⅱ海形成于MIS 3早期、甚至更早。OSL年代学研究显示,Ⅱ海样品等效剂量离散度较高,并且主要集中在2个区间,计算得到新、老2个年龄阶段。基于OSL测年原理的常规判断,认为较老的83.5~62.6ka阶段系受曝光不充分组分的影响,通常采用较年轻的51.9~39.9ka阶段为QX02孔的Ⅱ海沉积年龄。但是,较老的一组年龄从新的视角,暗示了可能的原始沉积过程及相应的海侵发生时间,因而具有重要的年代学和沉积学意义。     

渤海湾西南部平原DC01孔晚更新世以来的地质环境变化

通过对渤海湾西南部平原DC01孔的岩石地层学、生物地层学及年代地层学和地球化学研究,重建了该地区自晚更新世以来的地质环境演化过程。全新世之前,研究区经历了由河流-盐沼-潮间带上部/低盐沼-河口湾-泻湖-淡化泻湖的环境转化过程;进入全新世之后,该区经历了由湖沼到河流的环境转化过程。埋深22.4~12.7m发育近10m厚的弱海相沉积,AMS~(14)C年龄表明,该层沉积形成时间早于4.35ka cal BP,可能属于MIS 3早期(6.0~5.5ka cal BP)或更早的MIS 5期(12~8ka cal BP)。恢复了该时期的相对古海面,最高可达-13.31m。DC01孔缺失MIS 4~2或MIS 2时期的沉积。     

渤海湾西岸西汉先民用海的新发现及对“西汉海侵”的启示

地质学(古环境重建与AMS14C测年)和考古学研究,发现了位于渤海湾西岸距现代岸线仅5km的大港穿港路采土场贝壳质河口沙坝海滩层上的、具海水捕捞特征的西汉先民短暂居停遗址,及其上覆的、持续约700~800年的1.6m厚海相层。这是渤海湾西岸迄今所发现的距现代海岸线最近的、被海相层覆盖的西汉先民用海遗址。全新世中期海退以来,渤海湾西岸至少有5道主要的贝壳堤——岭地古海岸线,它们的初始年龄分别是6.6~6.2ka cal BP、5.5 ka cal BP、3.3 ka cal BP、2.4~2 ka cal BP和0.9ka cal BP(即4650~4250 BC、3550 BC、1350 BC、450~50 BC和1050 AD)。每一道堤——岭岸线在其形成发育期,均构成当时的海、陆界线:界线向海一侧是古海区、向陆一侧是高水头海水影响的低地。上古林——齐家阜堤——岭岸线形成于战国——西汉时期,岸线后的大面积洼地直至东晋——北魏时期曾频繁地被高水头海水淹浸,穿港路西汉遗址则直接被海相层覆盖,二者共同为"西汉海侵说"提供了地质学证据。     

QX01孔记录的渤海湾西岸沿海低地MIS3晚期以来的河道充填与环境演化

在渤海湾沿海低地地区获得1个30m的全取心机械钻孔(QX01孔),对样品进行了沉积岩石学分析、底栖有孔虫鉴定、硅藻鉴定和粒度分析,结合AMS 14 C和OSL测年,重建了研究区晚更新世以来的古河道充填及环境演化过程。结果显示QX01孔自下而上可以分为6段:(1)30~29.72 m,陆相洪泛沉积;(2)29.72~29.4m,海侵沉积,43.5ka BP;(3)29.4~17.7m,砂质沉积物,河道填充沉积,37.9~29.7ka;(4)17.7~13.2m,沉积物由砂质变为黏土质,29.7~8ka,由河道填充转为浅湖沼环境;(5)13.2~5m,8~4ka,全新世海侵沉积,沉积环境由陆相转为海陆过渡相,6 000~5 750cal BP海侵达到最强,之后逐渐退出该区;(6)5m以上,洪泛沉积,约1.7ka至今。沉积环境与海面具有很好的响应,MIS 4或6阶段时,海面较低,河流下切,形成古河道,下切最深处位于现代高程为-24.2m。MIS3阶段早期时,海面上升,37.9ka河道开始填充,至29.7ka填充完成,对应高程为-11.8m。末次盛冰期至早全新世时为浅湖沼环境,沉积作用停止或速率非常低。随着末次盛冰期的结束,海洋作用增强,进入全新世海侵沉积阶段,8~4ka cal BP。之后,沉积作用停止,至1.7ka以来,随着河流作用的不断增强,该区变为河流控制的洪泛沉积为主。同时,发现了两次沉积间断,分别发生在末次盛冰期的低海面时期和4~2ka时的海水退出、河流沉积尚不充分时期。     

渤海湾西岸CZ01钻孔沉积物粒度端元分析及其气候—海平面变化响应*

沧州地区位于海陆交互的渤海湾西岸,易受到海平面变化和极端气候事件的影响,对于全球气候变化的响应十分敏感。应用非参数化端元分析模型将沧州地区CZ01钻孔中更新世晚期以来的沉积物粒度划分出6个端元并分析其物源,结合已有地质记录,揭示不同时间尺度下各端元对气候—海平面变化的响应。结果表明: (1)EM1(5.01 μm)主要为远源的风尘输入,EM2(13.18 μm)和EM3(39.81 μm)为古黄河所携带的沉积物,EM4(69.18 μm)和EM5(138.04 μm)为海相沉积物,EM6(275.42 μm)可能指示古洪水等极端气候事件。(2)深海氧同位素(MIS)Ⅰ 阶段,气候温暖湿润,EM4+5含量指示渤海海平面整体呈波动上升的趋势并逐渐接近现代海平面。该阶段内由于11.5 ka BP左右的新仙女木事件以及5.1 ka BP左右冷干事件的发生,渤海海平面在稳定上升状态后出现停滞或小幅下降的现象; 而在9.5 ka BP、7.5 ka BP、5.8 ka BP和1.7 ka BP左右,东亚夏季风增强导致降水增加,渤海海平面升高。(3)MIS Ⅵ 阶段北半球气候冷干,150~132 ka BP左右因喜马拉雅运动减弱造成的区域沉降中心转移致使渤海海面升高。MIS Ⅴ 阶段气候波动剧烈: 在间冰期暖期(5a、5c和5e)气候暖湿,渤海海平面上升; 而MIS5b和5d时期渤海海面高度较低。MIS Ⅳ 阶段较MIS5a末期海平面突然下降后趋于稳定,期间出现若干次小规模海侵事件,可能与东亚夏季风频繁变化有关。MIS Ⅲ 阶段至末次冰盛期海平面大幅度下降且存在周期性升降变化,并在46 ka BP左右出现大规模海侵事件。MIS Ⅱ 阶段较MIS Ⅲ 阶段海平面出现小幅度下降,为低海平面时期; 伴随15 ka BP左右冰盛期的结束,东亚夏季风增强,海平面开始上升。渤海海平面180 ka BP以来的变化记录与北半球乃至全球范围内的地质记录存在一致性,与太阳辐射波动引起的冰川消融及东亚夏季风变化密切相关。     

珠江口小榄镇—万顷沙地区晚更新世以来的海侵层序

依据广东省中山地区3个标准孔岩心材料的AMS(加速器质谱)¹⁴C测年、微体古生物有孔虫、介形类、硅藻分析,海相双壳类、腹足类鉴定,沉积构造、沉积物颜色特征,结合已经报道的万顷沙钻孔研究成果,确定小榄镇—万顷沙地区东西向4个钻孔揭露了珠江河口地区LGM(末次盛冰期)河间地与古河谷区两类古地貌单元。由于处在较闭塞的地理位置,下切河谷从9 ka BP(¹⁴C 日历年龄)开始接受泥质沉积物充填,不同于长江三角洲和中国北方沿海平原古河谷充填的砂质沉积;大约7 cal ka BP 出现最大海侵,导致在古河间地LGM风化层之上发生海侵超覆,随后三角洲开始形成。按照河流层序与海面变化对应关系,没有发现海相微体生物的完整河流旋回应该对应MIS(深海氧同位素阶段)3海侵。基于对埋藏阶地的考虑,以及30年来测年技术对这段地层无法取得突破,认为存在着这样的可能性:即区域自上而下第2厚层富铝质红色风化层属于MIS4低水位域沉积,最底部见少量海相双壳类、腹足类的富有机质河口湾沉积单元可能属于MIS5晚期。     

北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积中环境敏感粒度组分研究

通过对北大西洋IODP U1313站深海沉积序列高密度取样和粒度分析,利用粒级-标准偏差变化算法和EMD方法提取了对环境敏感粒度组分并探讨了气候变化的周期.本文粒度组分可分为细组分(＜1.73μm,组分Ⅰ)和粗组分(＞1.73μm,组分Ⅱ),其中粗组分又分为组分Ⅱa(1.73 ～ 34.26μm)和组分Ⅱb(＞34.26μm).综合分析认为:组分Ⅰ为西风环流搬运堆积形成,组分Ⅱ为洋流搬运下沉积形成,组分Ⅱb虽然含量较低,但能指示冰漂砾事件的发生.比值曲线组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ和组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱa波动幅度较大,可作为反映古气候冷暖波动的敏感指标.对组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅰ/组分Ⅱ进行EMD分解,结果表明:在本研究时段内,两指标对地球轨道三要素的周期体现均不明显,而2ka(2.12ka和2.15ka)的亚轨道千年周期是主要的周期之一.依据上述多个指标的波动情况,把研究剖面69.93 ～ 115.18mcd(1471.53～2415.60ka)分为9个古气候变化阶段:A阶段(1471.53～1640.09ka),对应深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)49～ 57,冰期和间冰期迅速转换,发生多次IRD事件;B阶段(1640.09～ 1865.57ka),对应MIS 58 ～ 69,间冰期显著而冰期不明显;C阶段(1865.57～1914.70ka),对应MIS 70～72,冰期显著而间冰期不明显;D阶段(1914.70～2021.13ka),对应MIS 73～76,冰期不显著;E阶段(2021.13～2092.21ka),对应MIS 77～78,冰期显著,发生多次IRD事件;F阶段(2092.21 ～ 2226.43ka),对应MIS 79～85,间冰期显著;G阶段(2226.43 ～2261.53ka),对应MIS 86期,发生多次IRD事件;H阶段(2261.53～ 2384.61ka),对应MIS 87～93,冰期不显著而间冰期显著;Ⅰ阶段(2384.61 ～2415.60ka),对应MIS 94 ～ 95,发生多次IRD事件.     

渤海湾西北岸中更新世中期以来的气候环境和沉积环境演变

渤海湾西北岸是渤海湾沿岸砂坝-澙湖沉积体系组成部分,其沉积物蕴含着丰富的地质环境演变信息,是认识该地区气候环境和新构造活动的关键.通过对渤海湾西北岸QEJ01孔80 m以上地层沉积环境、孢粉分析及微体古生物研究,结合测年数据,根据定量古气候重建数据,探讨了本区中更新世中期以来特征时期的植被演替及环境演变,并对MIS6～MIS1各阶段渤海湾西北岸的气候及环境变化进行了区域对比.QEJ01孔450.40～377.14 ka,植被类型以针阔混交林为主,气候温暖干燥,沉积环境由河床逐渐演变为滨海湖泊;377.14～113.96 ka,气候相对寒凉湿润,植被类型以针阔叶混交林-草原为主,沉积环境以湖泊为主,后期为洪泛平原;113.96～98.84 ka,该时期气候波动频繁,以稀树荒漠草原为主,气候温凉湿润,河床发育;98.84～74.33 ka,气候温暖湿润,植被景观为针阔混交林-草原,降水量增加,沉积环境以漫滩湖泊和河床相为主;74.33～48.09 ka,气候异常寒冷干旱,以针叶林为主的稀疏-荒漠草原较发育;48.09～25.72 ka,植被类型为针阔混交林-草原,气候温暖偏湿;25.72～22.52 ka,气候寒凉干旱,植被为稀树-荒漠草原;22.52～3.87 ka,植被类型由常绿落叶阔叶林演变为针阔混交林-草原,气候温暖湿润,沉积环境以三角洲平原为主;3.87～0.0 ka,气候凉爽干旱,植被类型以针阔混交林为主.渤海湾西北岸平原为构造活动的活跃地带,自MIS5阶段以来,沉降中心呈现自北西向南东迁移,以及海侵层的发育程度,均受区域构造运动和气候环境变化的影响控制.     

Chronologies of sedimentary changes in the south Bohai Sea,China: constraints from luminescence and radiocarbon dating

The alternation of terrestrial and marine deposits is an indicator of past environmental and sea‐level changes. The age of deposition is usually dated by means of radiocarbon. However, radiocarbon dates of molluscan shells from coastal areas may be complicated by various sources of carbon, and problematic for deposits of 40–50 ka or older. Herein, we apply the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating method to date samples from terrestrial and marine/coastal sediments extracted from three cores in the south Bohai Sea, China. Multiple‐ and single‐aliquot regenerative‐dose procedures using OSL signals from fine‐silt (4–11 μm), coarse‐silt (38–63 μm) and fine‐sand (63–90 or 90–125 μm) quartz were employed to determine the equivalent dose (D _e). The results showed that: (i) OSL ages from quartz of different grain sizes and different protocols are consistent with each other; (ii) for Holocene samples, most of the radiocarbon dates agree well with OSL ages; (iii) for pre‐Holocene samples, radiocarbon dates cluster at 40–50 ¹⁴ C ka BP, whereas OSL ages are in stratigraphic order from 11 ka to 176 ka. Because of the self‐consistency of the quartz OSL ages, the stratigraphic agreement in the three cores, and the clustering of the radiocarbon dates, we suggest that the quartz OSL ages are more reliable with respect to dating the samples from the south Bohai Sea. Finally, the four marine strata identified in the south Bohai Sea are likely to have formed during the Holocene, Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3–5, MIS 6 and probably MIS 7, respectively.     

渤海湾晚更新世晚期以来古河道分布和三角洲发育及其古环境的演变

渤海湾及其沿岸是中国海洋地质与第四纪地质研究程度最高的地区之一。虽然研究成果众多,但仍有一些基础的地质问题亟待解决。比如,晚更新世晚期黄河是否流经渤海湾?全新世黄河在渤海湾及其沿岸形成的多期次三角洲叶瓣在海域如何展布?以上问题一直是中国海洋地质研究中备受关注的热点话题。借助2016-2017年在渤海湾获取的约2000 km的浅地层剖面数据、2个30 m左右的取芯钻孔（BXZK2017-1和BXZK2017-2孔）及相应的AMS ¹⁴C和OSL测年数据,同时结合前人的一些浅剖数据和钻孔的研究成果,将渤海湾中部晚更新世以来的地层自上而下划分出4个地震单元（SU1~SU4）和6个沉积单元（DU1-DU6）,分别对应前三角洲相、潮坪与浅海、泛滥平原、河道相、海陆交互相、湖沼相。在此基础上综合探讨渤海湾晚更新世晚期以来总体的地层框架和沉积演化特征。研究表明：黄河可能在21.8~9 cal ka BP,由近东西向流经渤海湾北部进入渤海中部盆地;全新世以来,渤海湾从西北侧至南侧,依次分布4期次的三角洲叶瓣,对应的发育时间可能分别是1400 AD~现在、11~1128 AD、700 BC~11 AD和1855~现在;渤海湾西侧最北两期次的水下三角洲可能主要与海河有关,而南侧其余2期次三角洲叶瓣则可能分别对应岐口超级叶瓣以及现代黄河三角洲超级叶瓣。加深了解渤海湾晚更新世晚期以来的地层序列演化、古河道发育以及全新世三角洲在渤海湾的展布情况,将有助于渤海湾海岸带开发、海底工程建设以及地质灾害防范等。     

The Oyambre coastal terrace: a detailed sedimentary record of the Last Interglacial Stage in northern Iberia (Cantabrian coast,Spain)

A detailed study is presented of a 15.3-m-thick Pleistocene coastal terrace located on the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain). Stratigraphic, sedimentological, topographic and micropalaeontological information is combined with a chronology based on luminescence dating to characterize the deposits. The sedimentary succession records: (i) a basal transgressive system, consisting of a wave-cut surface covered by a lower layer of beach gravels and upper beach pebbly sands; and (ii) a thicker upper highstand system (aggrading), comprising medium to very fine aeolian sands interbedded with thin palustrine muds. Luminescence dating involved a detailed sampling strategy (36 samples and two modern analogues) and the use of both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence single aliquot regeneration protocols; feldspar results were used to confirm the completeness of bleaching of the quartz OSL signal. The quartz OSL luminescence age–depth relationship shows significant dispersion, but nevertheless two rapid phases of deposition can be clearly identified: one at ~130 ka [Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] and one at ~100 ka (MIS 5c). The top of the succession is dated to ~70 ka. The MIS 5e marine maximum flooding surface is identified at an elevation of 6.85 m above mean seal level. This elevation provides evidence of a regional sea-level highstand for this sector of the Cantabrian coast.     

晚第四纪柴达木盆地盐湖成盐期与冰期对比方案的再认识

文章以柴达木盆地察汗斯拉图、昆特依和一里坪盐湖共计6个中更新统—全新统含盐地层剖面为研究对象,通过铀系测年和光释光测年测定其成盐年代,利用X射线衍射分析测定其盐类矿物种类.察汗斯拉图D19剖面芒硝和石盐层的铀系年代为(231.5±19.5)～(239.5±40.4)ka BP,对应于深海氧同位素阶段(MIS)7早期;昆...     

Comparison of ESR and TIMS U/Th dating of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e, 5c, and 5a coral from Barbados—implications for palaeo sea-level changes in the Caribbean

Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of coral has become an efficient geochronological tool in supporting morphostratigraphic studies carried out on Barbados during the last 10 years. The newly developed approach for D_E determination (D_E–D_max plot procedure) improves the precision of ESR dating of Pleistocene coral, and therefore permits differentiation between the main marine isotope stages (MIS) 5, 7, 9 and 11 and also between sub-stages 5e, c and a. This study compares results of ESR and TIMS Uranium series dating (U/Th) of emergent Last Interglacial coral reef terraces from Barbados, and presents some implications for the timing and extent of sea-level changes during marine isotope stages (MIS) 5e, c and a. Both dating methods indicate a distinct formation of up to three coral reef terraces during MIS 5e, at approximately 132 ka (ESR) to 128 ka (U/Th), at c. 128 ka (ESR) and at c. 120 ka (U/Th) to 118 ka (ESR). It is also highly probable that three reef terraces were developed during MIS 5c between c. 103 ka (U/Th) and 105 ka (ESR). The formation of two separate coral reefs during MIS 5a is recognized for the first time on Barbados, with an age estimate for the older MIS 5a-2 reef of 85 ka (ESR) or 84 ka (U/Th), and an age estimate for the younger MIS 5a-1 reef terraces of 74 ka (ESR) or 77 ka (U/Th). Assuming a constant uplift rate of 0.276 m/ka at the south coast of Barbados, sea-level reached its maximum during MIS 5e-3 and MIS 5e-2 between 132 and 128 ka ago. After this, sea-level declined reaching a level of c. −11 m below present sea level approx. 118–120 ka ago (MIS 5e-1). During the substage 5c sea-level was generally lower than in substage 5e. It reached relative maxima at c. −13, −20 and −25 m during MIS 5c (approx. 105 ka) and formed three distinct coral reef terraces probably in relative short time intervals. For the first time, a double sea-level oscillation is recognized on Barbados during MIS 5a: an early MIS 5a-2 (c. 85 ka) with a sea-level places at approx. −21 m, and a late MIS 5a-1 sub-stage (c. 74 or 77 ka) with a sea-level at approx. –19 m below present sea level.