富县地区末次间冰期以来古气候环境的演变

研究剖面位于洛川源北部的富县县城东郊。剖面由第一层古土壤(S_1)、马兰黄土(L_1)和全新世古土壤(S_0)组成。孢粉分析结果表明,黄土地层中孢粉非常丰富,为恢复古植被与古气候提供了可靠依据。S_1的植被是以榛、菊、蒿为主的疏林草原,有亚热带树种出现,反映了末次冰期的温湿气候。L_1时主要为菊、蒿干草原,气候冷干,其间有四次乔木增多期,反映了末次间冰期中有四次间冰阶的相对温湿气候波动。近代耕土中为以松、藜、中华卷柏为主的森林草原,反映了全新世某个时期比较温凉干旱的气候。     

乌海盆地内末次冰期砂楔/冰楔铸型的发现及古气候意义

砂楔/冰楔铸型等具有定量古环境意义的冰缘现象在中国北方已有多处报道,但多集中在末次冰期晚冰阶。报道了首次发现于乌海盆地的冰缘现象,从楔体形态特征、填充物粒度特征和光释光测年等方面对其成因和发育年代进行了深入研究。楔体和填充物剖面穿插关系、物质组成和形态特征分析等指示其形成过程大致可分为两个阶段:早期原生砂楔发育与楔壁近平行的充填-挤压构造;晚期冰楔铸型(包括冰楔形成、融化和填充)在砂楔之上进行叠加。冰楔切穿早期砂楔,导致楔壁物质发生强烈挤压变形,结构扰动,楔体表现为弯曲的不规则形态。光释光测年结果显示,原生砂楔发育的年代主要集中在(62.69±6.81)~(66.45±7.08)ka B.P.,即末次冰期早冰阶,对应于MIS4阶段,并可能部分延续至MIS3b阶段;冰楔铸型填充物年代为(5.95±0.61)~(6.62±0.73)ka B.P.,对应于全新世中期。由于冰楔铸型的填充晚于冰楔发育年代,推测冰楔发育年代可能为末次冰期晚冰阶。基于砂楔/冰楔铸型的发育过程及对环境条件的要求,初步估算出砂楔和冰楔发育时期年均气温比现在低12.1℃~13.6℃,砂楔发育时期(即末次冰期早冰阶)年降水量与现在相当。乌海盆地砂楔/冰楔铸型的发现为研究中国北方末次冰期尤其是末次冰期早冰阶纬度多年冻土分布及古气候环境提供了新的依据。     

右江盆地二叠纪末深水相无脊椎动物凉水分子的发现及其地质意义

对右江盆地二叠纪末腕足类和介形虫的全球古地理分布以及其他海相无脊椎动物的组合特征进行了详细研究,发现该盆地多个门类生物和华南其他地区(尤其是扬子海盆)存在明显差异。腕足类和介形虫有一部分为凉水分子或古冷水圈分子,具有冷水与暖水分子混生的特征;放射虫具有远洋生物组合的特征;双壳类含大量土著种。这些特征表明:二叠纪末,右江盆地水体相当深,为半深海-深海环境,水温较凉,适合于凉水分子生存;右江盆地和扬子西缘的古特提斯洋连通,是古特提斯洋伸向华南盆地的边缘盆地。      

古气候变化对大同盆地第四纪沉积物中砷富集过程的影响

为揭示古气候变化对大同盆地第四纪含水层中砷(As)富集的影响,对盆地中部的第四系沉积物钻孔样品 进行了地球化学分析.结果表明,大同盆地第四系沉积物中的铁矿物、黏土矿物以及有机质均为 As的重要赋存 载体.根据沉积物地球化学特征,可将沉积物由深到浅依次划分为４层,分别对应中更新世暖湿期、中更新世干 冷期、末次间冰期暖湿期及末次冰期的干冷期.暖湿期沉积物中的 As及铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质含量均明显高 于干冷期,说明暖湿气候更有利于铁矿物、黏土矿物和有机质在沉积物中埋藏堆积,促进了沉积物中 As的富集.      

末次冰期深切谷的识别及其在生物气勘探中的意义──以钱塘江深切谷为例

本文通过钱塘江深切谷的论述对末次冰期深切谷的恢复主要依据下列证据进行：（1）谷底为侵蚀不整合面，为末次冰期海平面下降，河流侵蚀切割所致；（2）谷内为异常厚的河流沉积物所充填，是冰后期海平面上升时形成，其中河漫滩沉积年代约14000～7500a以前；（3）深切谷之上被海相地层覆盖。超浅层生物气田分布在深切谷内，当今河流及全新世晚期河口湾与末次冰期深切谷既有区别又有继承性，其流域是浅层生物气藏分布的有利地段。     

泰山南坡沉积物特征及第四纪冰缘环境探讨

针对泰山第四纪冰川有无的争议,在泰山南坡采集沉积物样品进行分析研究。孢粉分析结果显示优势植物种群为"松属+中华卷柏+蒿属+藜科",指示的沉积环境为湿冷环境。扫描电镜观察石英颗粒表面,显示出边缘棱角清晰、具贝壳状断口和解理片的冰川环境特征。通过热释光测试得样品年龄为(30.54±2.59)kaB.P.,相当于末次冰期主冰期中的Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶。根据泰山现代气候环境推演泰山古气候温度和降水量,得出泰山地区在末次冰期时具备了形成冰川的基本气候条件。鉴于Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶持续的时间较短,因此初步推断该沉积物指示的古气候环境为冰缘环境。     

东北地区向海湖泊沉积物正构烷烃单体碳同位素特征及其古环境意义

以松嫩平原西部向海1 420cm湖泊沉积物剖面为研究对象,根据AMS 14C年代信息建立末次冰消期以来的年代序列;结合沉积物类型、有机质丰度,重点对样品中正构烷烃及长链正构烷烃碳同位素等分子有机地球化学特征进行研究;通过综合对比各气候指标,重建该地区末次冰消期以来的古植被、古气候变化。结果表明:向海湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃的分布特征表明其主要来源于低等菌藻类生物和高等植物;正构烷烃的高碳数部分呈现明显的奇碳优势,高碳数部分主峰碳主要为nC31,指示有机质主要来源于陆生高等植物,且草本高等植物输入丰富;长链正构烷烃(nC27、nC29、nC31)稳定碳同位素整体呈偏正的趋势,并利用二元模式估算出湖区主要高等植被类型以C3植物占绝对优势,末次冰消期到全新世大暖期C4植物相对生物量增加;末次冰消期以来,研究区气候环境变化较不稳定,可分为5个阶段,分别为气候冷干的末次冰消期,气候冷湿的早全新世,气候暖干的中全新世大暖期前期,气候温暖湿润的中全新世大暖期后期以及气候温凉变干的晚全新世。     

内蒙古中部必鲁图晚更新世晚期环境演变的沉积记录

以内蒙古中部必鲁图厚度250cm的浅井湖泊剖面为研究对象,根据取得的6个光释光法测年数据,建立晚更新世晚期56.8ka以来的年代序列,对湖泊沉积特征、粒度组成、Rb与Sr含量(质量分数)之比、氧化物含量及其比值等地球化学特征进行分析,并通过综合研究各指标的气候环境指示意义,重建该地区晚更新世晚期以来的气候环境演变过程。结果表明:该地区晚更新世晚期以来气候环境变化可以分为5个阶段。第1阶段,56.8～49.5ka,沉积物有机质较丰富,化学风化作用较强,以温干偏湿气候为主;第2阶段,49.5～41.3ka,化学风化较弱,水热条件较差,气候冷干偏湿;第3阶段,41.3～20.8ka,气候转为暖湿,化学风化作用最强,为升温高降水期,末次冰期间冰段,间有小的冷湿、温干波动;第4阶段,20.8～8.2ka,各项地球化学指标均发生突变,砂楔发育,气候恶化,持续干冷,期间存在末次冰期最盛期;第5阶段,8.2～0ka,气候以温干为主,晚期气候向凉干转变趋势明显。     

桂北泥盆纪末至早石炭世生物群及年代地层划分

文章根据近年桂北地区 1∶5万区域地质调查和专题研究成果 ,对泥盆纪末至早石炭世生物群作了较系统的总结 ,划分了若干可与区域乃至世界对比的生物 (组合 )带 :有孔虫 12个 ,珊瑚 11个 ,腕足类 6个 ,牙形刺 5个 ,菊石、介形类各 2个 ;并提出了年代地层划分的意见     

福建仙云洞石笋记录的Termination I事件缓变特征

末次冰期终止事件(Termination I,简称TI)是发生在末次冰消期约14.7 ka B.P.北半球最显著的一次快速升温事件,其气候突变的全球响应及转型特征是末次冰消期研究的重点。基于中国东南地区福建西部仙云洞两支石笋(样品编号为XY11和XYⅢ-21)17个高精度~(230)Th年龄和567个氧同位素数据,建立了12.67～16.10 ka B.P.时段内平均分辨率达十年际的东亚夏季风强度演变序列,捕捉到了Termination I转型缓变特征。仙云洞石笋记录揭示Termination I事件缓变特征持续时间达800 a,明显比也门(约13 a)以及中国西南地区(约35 a)和长江中下游地区(约200 a)石笋记录的转型时间长很多,存在显著的区域差异。仙云洞石笋记录的Termination I转型时段季风开始增强响应于北高纬气候,但仙云洞石笋记录的Termination I缓变特征指示其可能受到热带低纬西太平洋暖池水文循环过程的影响。     

GEOCHEMICAL RECORDS OF PALAEOCLIMATIC CHANGES IN WEINANSECTION SINCE THE LAST INTERGLACIAL

ChineselOeSSischaracterizedbythegreatthicknessandgabscontinuity.ItrererdsQuaternalyclimaticoscillations(Liu,1985).Inrecentyears,scientistshavetriedtOusephysicalorchemicalparameterstOrecostructthepastclimaticchanges.FOrinstance,theparticlesizeisUSedasproxyindicatorforthewintermo~intensity(Liu,1993),stableoxygenisotopicrecordofCarbenatenodulesisusedtoreflectthetemperaturevallationsOfsoilformation(Han,1995),andrnsgneticsuSCeptibilityandCarhanatecontentareughasproxyparametersforsuxnmermourn…     

SEA SURFACE SALINITY AND BOTTOM WATER OXYGENATED CONDITIONS IN WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC MARGINAL SEAS DURING THE LAST GLACLAL AGE

ImODUcrIONThewesternPadricconsistSofaseriesofrnarginalbasins(twoofwhicharetheSrsandSuluSea)thatareseparatalfromeachotherbysdriofvaryingdepths.The25OOmdepthsiliseparatingtheSrsfromthewesternNorthPadricallowiPadricinteediatewatertoentertheSCS.Inconhast,theSuluSeaiscomPldelysurmundedbyasill,mostofwhichisshallowerthanlOomindepth.Thedeepestchanne1intotheSLduSeais42Omdeep(MindoroStrait)andcutSacrossthesillthatseparateStheSuluSeafromtheSrs.TheseenvironmntSresultalinspeda1hydrographicse…     

THE RECORD OF YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT IN EOLIAN SAND DEPOSIT IN QAIDAM BASIN

DansgaardandothersholdtheviewthatsevereclimaticfluctuationinthelateglacialiscausedbyadjustmentoftheNorthAtlanticcurrent,whichmainlyaffectstheclimateintheNorthAtlanticOCean.ButtherePOrtsabouttheYoungerDryaseventfoundin..varioussedimentsofdifferentplacesprovethatYoungerDryaseventisaclimaticeventoverthegloberatherthanaregion.InrecentyearstherearemanyrePOrtsaboutYoungerDryaleventfoundinmarineandcontinentalsedimentsofmiddlelatitudeinChina.NowitisindubitablethattheYoungerDryaseventexistsinCh…     

THE QUATERNARY CLIMO-ENVIRONMENT CHANGES IN CHAIWQPU BASIN OF XINJIANG REGION

This paper describes the paleoclimatic changesoccurring in the Chaiwopu Basin since 730,000 yr.B.P., together with theformation and evolution of Chaiwopu Lake based on the chronology and characteristics of a core drilled in the basin. Analysis of the drilling core provides information on the climate and environment of the area. It would appear that the paleoclimatic changes that occurred in the basin during the Pleistocene was controlled by the relationship between the sun and the earth and by Long-term (10,000 yr.) climatic cycles. The climate tended to cold-dry during the glacial period (ice age) and warm-moist during the interglacial. Following the warm period of the Holocene, short-term (1,000 yr.) climatic cycles occurred in cool-moist periods, similar to the "Little Ice Age", alternated with warm-dry periods.     

The quaternary climo-environment changes in Chaiwopu basin of Xinjiang region

This paper describes the paleoclimatic changesoccurring in the Chaiwopu Basin since 730,000 yr.B.P., together with theformation and evolution of Chaiwopu Lake based on the chronology and characteristics of a core drilled in the basin. Analysis of the drilling core provides information on the climate and environment of the area. It would appear that the paleoclimatic changes that occurred in the basin during the Pleistocene was controlled by the relationship between the sun and the earth and by Long-term (10,000 yr.) climatic cycles. The climate tended to cold-dry during the glacial period (ice age) and warm-moist during the interglacial. Following the warm period of the Holocene, short-term (1,000 yr.) climatic cycles occurred in cool-moist periods, similar to the “Little Ice Age”, alternated with warm-dry periods.     

CSCO_3 CYCLES IN SALAWUSU RIVER BASINSINCE 150KA B.P.

About 70years ago，Frenc卜卜alaeohdoglst回LL sc卜dars al卜ome and a卜road卜ave successively con－HARD de Chardin P．et al．Initiated the Quaternary ducted large amount ofwork on the Later Quaternarygeologlcal research In the ＞alawusu River Basin of strata（TEILHARD，1924； YUAN，1978； LI，1987；desert region of Northern China and established th，ZHENG，1989； SUN et al，1996； LI et al，1993），Salawusu Formation门EILHARD，1924）．Sine，then，palaeobiology…     

Qinghai lake fluctuation and climatic change singce the last glaciation

Qinghai Lake is located in a hydrologically closed basin at the conjunction of SE and SW monsoons and westerlies. Its frequent lake level fluctuations arising from climatic and monsoonal changes have left a series of geological records since the last glaciation. The coarse sediments in Core QD₁, the sporopollen assemblage representing steppe, the eolian paleo-sanddunes in the east and southeast banks and the fossil glacial topography all indicated frigid and arid climatic conditions and large scale shrinkage of the lake during the last glacial maximum.     

Studies on quaternary sporo-pollen assemblage and paleoclimate based on Bohai Sea core Bc−1

Analysis of 13 spore-pollen assemblage zones reflecting environmental changes since the later middle Pleistocene showed the seccession of paleovegetation and the paleogeographic changes in the Bohai Basin and circumjacent area. Paleoclimatic variations here can obviously be divided into 5 cold and 5 warm periods: 2 cold and 1 warm periods in 200,000–100,000 a B.P.(late middle Pleistocene) 3 cold and 3 warm periods in 100,000–12,000 a B.P.(late Pleistocene), and 1 warm period since 12,000 a B.P. Late Pleistocene climate tended to become colder and colder. The coldest period was in the later stage of late Pleistocene, when the study area was a periglacial zone. The mean annual temperature then was about 10°C lower than it is now. In the middle stage of late Pleistocene, climate became warm; the mean annual temperature then was about 3–4°C higher than it is now. By applying principles of climatic stratigraphy, the authors deduced through sporo-pollen analysis, that the boundary between middle and late Pleistocene should be at 178–181 m, and that between Pleistocene and Holocene should be at 12.8 m. The results of climatic stratigraphy are consistent with those of magnetic stratigraphy. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologica et Limnologia Sinica.18 (3): 253–266, 1987.     

ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ORDOS DESERT IN CHINA SINCE 1.1MA B. P. AS INDICATED BY YULIN STRATIGRAPHICAL SECTION AND ITS GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS RESULTS

1INTRODUCTIONOrdosDesertisageneral appellationof Qubqi Desert onthe north, Hedong Sandy Landonthesouthwest and MuUs Desert on the southeast (Fig. 1). It is situated on atransitional zone from arid desert steppe to semi-aridsteppe between ariddesertinNorth…     

CLIMATIC VARIATIONS IN CHINA OVER THE LAST 2000 YEARS

1 INTRODUCTIONIn the last years, evidence for climate changes showed that the timing of the two great climatic events of “Medieval Warm Period” (MWP) and “Little Ice Age” (LIA) differed geographically (HUGHES et al., 1994, JONES and BRADLEY, 1992). In other words, the cold or warm periods in one region were often not coincident with those in other regions. The Northern Hemisphere warmth degree in the Middle Ages was lower than or at most comparable to that in the mid-20…