弹性波在横向各向同性弹性土和饱和土界面上的反射与透射.

根据横向各向同性饱和土体的Biot波动方程,推导出qP1波从饱和土入射到弹性介质的反射系数和透射系数的一般算式,数值分析了各向异性,边界透水条件对反射系数和透射系数的影响．本文的推导思路,适用于qSV波、qP2波从饱和土体入射到弹性土体的情形．      

饱和土介质中地震波在水、气分界面上的反射与透射

基于修改的Biot模型,研究地震波在气饱和土中的传播特性以及地震波在饱和土中气、水界面上的反射和透射. 从理论上分析气饱和土与水饱和土的特性差异,根据界面连续条件推导了反射系数与透射系数的一般计算式;通过数值算例分析了气饱和土中波的传播特性,并分析了饱和土中P1波入射气、水界面时反射系数和透射系数与入射角及频率的关系. 结果表明,波在气饱和土中的传播与水饱和土中有较大差异; 频率和入射角度对反射系数与透射系数均有较大影响;并获得了波传播的某些新认识. 这对地震工程的波动勘测技术和场地反应分析具有理论及实际意义.      

倾斜裂隙介质反透射系数研究

自然界的裂隙排列并非都是直立的,在复杂地壳应力作用下裂隙排列很可能是倾斜的.本文从各向异性弹性动力学基本方程出发,在特征矩阵方法基础上提出了计算任意倾斜裂隙介质水平界面上的反射、透射系数的简单方法,并利用该方法计算了倾斜裂隙介质P-P波、P-SV波和P-SH波的反透射系数.结果表明,P-P波、P-SV波和P-SH波的反透射系数与倾斜裂隙的倾角、测线方位以及偏移距这些物理参数之间存在一定的依赖关系.此外我们计算了C波的零入射相角时的反射系数,发现该反射系数跟裂隙倾角、裂隙的方位角有着明显的对应规律,且各向异性越强时,该反射系数越大.这些研究对于深入了解倾斜裂隙的动力学特征具有一定的意义.     

不均匀等离子体鞘套中电磁波的传播（Ⅱ）

本文讨论了电磁波在电子密度呈正态分布的等离子体鞘套中的传播,导出了反射系数、透射系数的表达式,给出了具体例子及若干分析意见。     

套管井声波全波列中地层波的幅度特性

套管井声全渡中的地层波可以检测固井第二界面的水泥胶结质量状况.地层波不仅受地层衰减、套管波干扰等因素影响,更主要受第二界面两侧的声阻抗差值的影响.为此,基于固体介质的声势函数和界面的边界条件,推导了固-固界面纵横波的反射系数和透射系数,以及第一临界角入射情况下反射系数和透射系数的近似公式,并且分析了透射系数与声阻抗之间的关系.数值计算结果发现,地层波幅度随第二界面两侧声阻抗差增大而减小,且这种关系是非线性的.基于临界入射的透射系数,对经过衰减校正和干扰校正的地层波进行声阻抗校正,消除地层声阻抗对地层波幅度影响.使用地层波幅度评价第二界面的水泥胶结状况,并在实际资料处理中见到了好的效果.     

地震波在饱和土层界面的反射与透射

研究了地震波在两种饱和土层界面的反射与透射，其中饱和土模型采用修改的Biot模型．考虑土颗粒及孔隙流体的压缩性，并考虑了孔隙流体与土骨架之间的粘性耦合作用，文中首先从理论上推导了地震波在界面发生反射与透射时，反射系数与透射系数的一般计算式，尔后数值分析了第一P波入射时，各模式的波反射系数和透射系数与入射角及频率的关系．本研究对地震工程中的波动勘测技术、场地地震反应分析等领域具有理论及应用价值．      

不均匀等离子体鞘套中电磁波的传播

本文讨论了电磁波在电子密度呈双指数分布的等离子体鞘套中的传播,导出了反射系数与透射系数的解析表达式,特别给出了在较高碰撞频率时的一系列数值计算结果及若干分析意见。     

转换波和非转换波与射线参数p的关系

本文对Aki固体-固体分界面的反射和透射公式进行适当变换,使之成为一组适合不同坐标系下,固体、液体、气体和真空之间所有可能形成的分界面上,入射P、SV和SH波所形成的反射和透射公式,从而把不同边界条件的反射和透射方程统一起来,并且阐明了转换波和非转换波动力学特征的差异.指出:在不同弹性介质分界面上入射平面弹性波,转换波的反射系数和透射系数是射线参数p的奇函数;非转换波的反射系数和透射系数是射线参数p的偶函数.根据奇函数和偶函数的性质可见:垂直入射时不存在转换波.同时也为简化Zoeppricz方程,开展AVO分析打开新思路.     

粘性可压缩流体中的波

本文在小扰动条件下,从粘性可压缩流体的运动方程、状态方程以及连续性方程导出了它的波动方程,从而表明粘性可压缩流体中能够存在有耗损的纵波与横波。文中还针对自由界面、刚性界面、粘性流体内部分界面、粘性流体与弹性固体分界面等,求出了平面波的反射系数和透射系数。     

利用反透射系数确定理论地震图计算过程中的积分限阈值

本文尝试基于理论分析来求解积分限阈值k_c,即通过反透射系数来确定k_c。根据计算理论地震图的广义反透射系数法,在反透射系数中进行求逆运算的矩阵行列式的零点将会使得被积函数产生较大的变化,通过具体实例显示出自由界面处的反射系数中含有的零点可以作为合适的k_c。多种情况的实例显示,通过反射系数来确定k_c具有较好的普适性。通过与经验公式的计算结果进行比对,表明根据本文方案所确定的k_c在保证准确性的同时可以有效地提高计算效率。      

Weak Contrast PP Wave Displacement R/T Coefficients in Weakly Anisotropic Elastic Media

—Approximate PP plane wave displacement coefficients of reflection and transmission for weak contrast interfaces separating weakly but arbitrarily anisotropic elastic media are presented. The PP reflection coefficient for such an interface has been derived recently by Vavry?uk and P?en?ík (1997). The PP transmission coefficient presented in this paper was derived by the same approach. The coefficients are given as a sum of the coefficient for the weak contrast interface separating two nearby isotropic media and a term depending linearly on contrasts of the so-called weak anisotropy (WA) parameters (parameters specifying deviation of properties of the medium from isotropy), across the interface. While the reflection coefficient depends only on 8 of the complete set of the WA parameters describing P-wave phase velocity in weakly anisotropic media, the transmission coefficient depends on their complete set. The PP reflection coefficient depends on "shear-wave splitting parameter" γ. Tests of accuracy of the approximate formulae are presented on several models.     

TTI介质qP波入射精确和近似反射透射系数

介质各向异性是影响振幅随炮检距变化(AVO)的重要因素之一本文将Aki和Richards以及Rüger的方法进行推广,推导出两个弹性倾斜横向各向同性(TTI)介质密接条件下平面波反射和透射系数及其近似式.从位移波函数出发,利用位移连续和应力连续边界条件,建立了TTI介质qP波人射的拟Zoeppritz方程,求解得到精确...     

Reflection and transmission coefficients of a fracture in transversely isotropic media

We obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients at a fracture in transversely isotropic media, whose symmetry axis is perpendicular to the fracture surface. We consider dissimilar upper and lower media. The fracture is modeled as an interface with boundary discontinuities in the displacement and the particle velocity. The stress components are proportional to the displacement and velocity discontinuities through the specific stiffnesses and specific viscosities, respectively. The stiffness introduces frequency-dependence and phase changes in the fracture response and the viscosity is related to the energy loss. We also calculate the energy balance at the fracture and the dissipated energy. The theory is illustrated by computing the reflection coefficient of a fracture present in the Antarctic ice cap. In this case, the reflection coefficient decreases with increasing incidence angle and then approaches 1 at grazing angle.     

Reflection and transmission of plane SH-waves in an initially stressed inhomogeneous anisotropic magnetoelastic medium

This study investigates the reflection and transmission of plane SH-waves in two semi-infinite anisotropic magnetoelastic media. The lower half-space is considered as initially stressed and inhomogeneous. The density of lower half-space is taken exponentially varying with depth. The solutions for half-spaces are obtained analytically. The expressions for reflection and transmission coefficient are obtained in the closed form subject to continuity conditions at the interfaces of anisotropic magnetoelastic half-spaces and the Snell’s law. It is found that these coefficients depend on the initial stress, inhomogeneity parameter, the magnetoelastic coupling parameter, and the angle at which wave crosses the magnetic field of the half-spaces. Numerical computations are performed for these coefficients for a specific model of two different anisotropic magnetoelastic half-spaces. The numerical results are illustrated by the graph of reflection and transmission coefficient versus the angle of incidence. In general, as the initial stress increases the reflection and transmission coefficient increases, the affect is more prominent for more than 10 GPa. Inhomogeneity in the density of the material also increases the reflection and transmission coefficient. The anisotropic magnetoelastic parameter and the angle at which the wave crosses the magnetic field for both the half-spaces have a quite significant effect on the reflection and transmission coefficient.     

双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究

从双相横向各向同性介质弹性波波动方程出发 ,利用边界上的 4个连续性条件 ,计算双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射和透射系数 .计算表明 ,快纵波在双相横向各向同性介质分界面上 ,要产生反射快纵波、反射转换 qSV波、反射转换慢纵波和透射快纵波、透射转换qSV波、透射转换慢纵波 .反射转换慢纵波振幅和透射转换慢纵波振幅均较小 .频率、耗散和各向异性大小影响着快纵波反射系数的大小 .     

含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数特征研究

地下岩石由岩石骨架和孔隙流体组成,通常流体含黏性.地震波在地下介质中传播时受岩石骨架和黏性流体的影响会呈现出复杂的变化.本文将流、固体位移和应力连续作为边界条件,推导出含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数方程;通过建立上层为饱油、下层为饱盐水的砂岩孔隙介质模型,开展反透射系数特征研究,分别分析不同频率、不同黏滞系数条件下,含黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上反透射系数随入射角的变化.研究表明,孔隙介质分界面上和等效介质分界面上的反透射系数分别随入射角的变化趋势基本一致,说明方程推导和数值计算的正确性;快纵波反透射系数受频率、流体黏性的影响较小,而快横波反透射系数在一定入射角范围内受频率、流体黏性的影响比较大;由于黏性孔隙流体的作用,慢纵波和慢横波的反透射系数受入射角、频率及流体黏性的影响都很大.     

电场平行于入射面的低频电磁波在导电界面的类全反射相角

根据非均匀电磁波在导电媒质中传播时其相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向的不一致性,利用低频非均匀电磁波在导电地层界面反射时的反射系数导出了电场偏振化方向在入射面内的低频电磁波类全反射相角.     

EDA介质中地震波的传播特征

对Christoffel公式进行Bond变换得到EDA介质的Christoffel方程,并由其非零解推导出EDA介质中视横波(qSV)、横波(SH)、视纵波(qP)的相速度、群速度、偏振向量(质点的振动方向)的三维计算公式.通过模型计算分析了具有水平对称轴的各向异性(HTI)介质和EDA介质中介质对称轴的极角和方位角对相速度、群速度及偏振向量的影响,对其随极角、方位角的变化特征进行了分析,并采用Matlab进行了数值计算,对其特征采用三维显示.通过取极角或方位角为零简化得到HTI介质和具有垂直对称轴的各向异性(VTI)介质中地震波的相速度、群速度,对EDA介质中的三维计算结果进行退化验证. 通过数值计算进一步验证了地震波相速度与EDA介质对称轴的相互关系. 结果表明,通过广角地震勘探可探明地下介质的裂隙走向及密度,从而确定灾害体产状.      

非均匀P\|偏振电磁波在导电界面的反射系数曲线

基于非均匀电磁波在导电媒质中传播时其相移常数和振幅衰减常数方向的不一致性，利用电磁波在导电媒质界面的边界条件，导出了非均匀P\|偏振电磁波的反射系数. 反射系数随入射角的变化曲线显示：当电磁波由电导率大的介质射向电导率小的介质时，在相移常数临界角和衰减常数临界角附近存在峰值，且反射系数的数值小于1，这一结果与全反射光的结果有明显的差异.     

Analytical study of the reflection and transmission coefficient of the submarine interface

The analytical study of the reflection and transmission coefficient of the seafloor interface is essential for the characterization of the ocean bottom in marine seismic exploration. Based on the boundary conditions of the seafloor interface, the analytical expression of the reflection and transmission coefficient at the submarine interface is derived in this study by using the steady-state wave solution of the elastic wave in a homogeneous, isotropic medium. With this analytical expression, the characteristics of the reflection and transmission coefficient at the submarine interface are analysed and discussed using critical angles. The results show that the change in the reflection and transmission coefficient with the incidence angle presents a “segmented” characteristic, in which the critical angle is the dividing point. The amplitude value and phase angle of the coefficient at the submarine interface change dramatically at the critical angle, which is related to the P- and S-wave velocities in the seabed layer. Compared with the stiff seabed, the soft seabed has a larger P-wave critical angle and an absence of the converted S-wave critical angle, owing to the low P- and S-wave velocities in the solid seabed layer. By analysing and discussing the special changes that occur in the coefficient values at the critical angle, the reflection and transmission characteristics of the different incident angles are obtained. Synthetic models of both stiff and soft seafloors are provided in this study to verify the analytical results. Finally, we compared our synthetic results with real data from the Gulf of Mexico, which enabled the validation of our conclusions.