滇西北羊拉铜矿床绿泥石成因矿物学

位于三江特提斯成矿域的羊拉铜矿是一个典型的矽卡岩型矿床。羊拉铜矿床从侵入体到围岩发育一系列蚀变作用,且具有明显的蚀变分带特征。然而,前人对羊拉矿床蚀变矿物的研究主要集中于石榴子石等干矽卡岩阶段的矿物,对区内广泛发育的绿泥石等退化蚀变阶段矿物缺乏系统的矿物学及成分的研究,制约了对该矿床成矿过程的全面认识。为此,本文以羊拉铜矿床矽卡岩型矿化中的绿泥石为研究对象,利用电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体(LA-ICP-MS)原位微区技术开展了成分分析。结果表明：1)羊拉铜矿床绿泥石可分为早晚2期,早期绿泥石(Chl-Ⅰ)与钙铁榴石及黄铜矿等硫化物共生,晚期绿泥石(Chl-Ⅱ)常与大量方解石共生,2类绿泥石均属于三八面体结构富Mg型绿泥石,指示其形成于较为还原的环境。其Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺替代及Tschermark替代机制是2类绿泥石主量元素的主要替代机制;2)绿泥石地质温度计计算结果在140～281℃,平均224℃,2类绿泥石温度从Chl-Ⅰ→Chl-Ⅱ逐渐降低,指示该成矿作用阶段属于中-低温热液蚀变范围;3)与矿化相关的早成矿阶段(Ch...     

滇西南翁孔坝铜多金属矿床绿泥石特征及其地质意义

翁孔坝铜多金属矿床位于云县-景洪火山弧带北段,是该带典型的铜多金属矿床之一,具有良好的成矿条件和找矿潜力。绿泥石化是该矿床最重要的蚀变类型之一。文章在详细的野外工作基础上,通过对该矿床岩(矿)石样品的岩相学研究,利用电子探针和扫描电镜分析绿泥石的化学成分和形态特征,进而揭示绿泥石的形成环境,探讨绿泥石化与多金属矿化之间的关系。结果显示,该矿床中绿泥石主要有3种类型：包括沿裂隙和孔洞中充填的Chl-Ⅰ类绿泥石、铁镁质矿物蚀变形成且与斑铜矿-辉铜矿矿脉共生的Chl-Ⅱ_1-2类绿泥石以及与方铅矿一起充填杏仁体的Chl-Ⅱ3类绿泥石。从Chl-Ⅰ类绿泥石→Chl-Ⅱ_1-2类绿泥石→Chl-Ⅱ₃类绿泥石,其氧逸度和硫逸度呈现出逐渐降低的演化规律,温度为188～297℃,反映出它们形成于中等硫逸度、低氧逸度、中低温的热液环境。该矿床绿泥石属于密绿泥石和铁斜绿泥石,其主要阳离子与Mg之间具有较强的相关性,为多期热液蚀变的产物,物质来源于矿区发育的一套中-基性火山岩,其形成机制为溶蚀-结晶和溶蚀-迁移-沉淀。绿泥石化的形成促进了铜、铅锌...     

西藏帮布勒矽卡岩型铅锌矿床闪锌矿化学成分特征及其地质意义

帮布勒矿床是近年来在西藏冈底斯—念青唐古拉多金属成矿带西段新发现的大型矽卡岩型Pb-Zn矿床。闪锌矿作为该矿床的主要矿石矿物之一,其矿相学特征及化学组分对于揭示成矿物理化学条件和流体演化过程具有重要意义。本文选取帮布勒矿床近端及远端矽卡岩中不同世代闪锌矿开展详细的显微结构观察和电子探针成分研究。结果表明,帮布勒矿床闪锌矿可划分为2个世代:第Ⅰ世代闪锌矿主要产于近端矽卡岩,呈暗红色-棕红色,常与乳滴状黄铜矿共生,并交代他形磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿,Fe元素含量较高(部分闪锌矿Fe含量>10%),Zn/Fe值<10;第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿可进一步分为两类:第一类(Ⅱa)闪锌矿在近端及远端矽卡岩中均有发育,呈棕黄色,充填于辉石、石榴子石等矽卡岩矿物间及其裂隙中;第二类(Ⅱb)闪锌矿主要产于远端矽卡岩中,呈黄色-浅黄色,与方铅矿和石英共生,第Ⅱ世代闪锌矿相比于第Ⅰ世代闪锌矿Fe、Mn含量明显偏低,Zn含量较高。闪锌矿Fe元素温度计估算结果显示,从第Ⅰ世代至第Ⅱ世代成矿温度逐渐降低,分别为160～314℃、138～157℃,与闪锌矿Zn/Fe比值指示结果一致。综上证据,本文认为帮布勒矿床早期成矿流体...     

熊耳山矿集区蒿坪沟Ag–Au多金属矿床绿泥石特征及其找矿意义

为理清蒿坪沟Ag-Au多金属矿床中多阶段矿化与热液蚀变之间的关系,文章选取与铅锌成矿阶段密切相关的绿泥石进行野外观察及电子探针分析。文章将蒿坪沟Ag-Au多金属矿床中的绿泥石分为3类：Ⅰ型分布在石英脉两侧的围岩中;Ⅱ型呈细粒、隐晶质填充于隐爆角砾岩基质;Ⅲ型与铅锌硫化物共生、或以蠕虫状广泛分布在石英颗粒间隙中。3种类型绿泥石均为斜绿泥石,并落在了铁镁绿泥石的范围内,指示其形成于偏还原的酸性环境中;在阳离子置换中,主要发生了Fe²⁺对Mg²⁺的置换,其余置换作用均不明显;3种绿泥石形成与镁铁质围岩关系密切。由校正后的绿泥石地质温度计估算出3种类型绿泥石的形成温度为196～239℃,属于中—低温热液蚀变范围。3类绿泥石与蒿坪沟Ag-Au多金属矿床银铅锌成矿阶段相匹配,对进一步找矿勘查具有重要意义。绿泥石化学特征表明岩浆热液参与了成矿流体的形成,绿泥石形成于熊耳山矿集区早白垩世大规模岩浆-成矿时期。     

湘南黄沙坪铜锡多金属矿床与隐伏花岗斑岩有关的矿化-蚀变分带模式

【研究目的】黄沙坪铜锡多金属矿床是湘南地区岩浆热液成矿系统的典型矿床之一。为了深化研究该矿床成岩成矿机制、高效指导深部找矿勘查,需要揭示与隐伏花岗斑岩有关的多金属矿化-蚀变分带规律,构建深部矿化-蚀变空间分带模式。【研究方法】应用热液矿床的大比例尺蚀变岩相定位找矿预测方法,开展矿区内-136 m、-176 m、-256 m中段典型穿脉剖面的矿化蚀变测量和矿物岩石地球化学研究,剖析了矿化-蚀变的强弱变化、矿物共生组合及其空间分带特征,探讨了成矿元素、元素组合及其元素比值变化规律。【研究结果】构建了矿化-蚀变空间分带模式：从花岗斑岩体（内带）→接触带→围岩（外带）,依次为钨钼（黄铁）矿化-硅化-绢云母化花岗斑岩带（Ⅰ）→磁铁（钨锡）矿化石榴石矽卡岩带（Ⅱ-1）→钨钼-磁黄铁矿化石榴石矽卡岩带（Ⅱ-2）→铅锌矿化结晶灰岩带（Ⅲ）→强方解石化灰岩带（Ⅳ）的分带规律,各带对应的主要矿物组合为：石英+（黄铁矿+绢云母）→磁铁矿+透辉石+硅灰石+绿帘石+绿泥石+（白钨矿+锡石+黄铁矿+石榴石）→白钨矿+辉钼矿+磁黄铁矿+（锡石+黄铜矿+黄铁矿+闪锌矿+方铅矿）+石榴石+符山石+透辉石+角闪石+萤石+...     

江南钨矿带高家塝钨多金属矿床矿化分带特征及其指示意义

高家塝钨多金属矿床位于江南钨矿带北部.钨矿化发育在花岗闪长斑岩与黄柏岭组接触的矽卡岩及其两侧.从岩体向外将矿石划分为:花岗闪长斑岩中细脉浸染状白钨矿矿石(类型Ⅰ)、矽卡岩中浸染状白钨矿矿石(类型Ⅱ)、角岩中脉状白钨矿矿石(类型Ⅲ)3类.高家塝矿床不同类型矿石的白钨矿和磁黄铁矿电子探针(EPMA)分析结果显示,白钨矿w(Mo)从类型Ⅱ(w(Mo)=1.34％～1.40％)→类型Ⅲ(w(Mo)=0.01％～0.17％)→类型Ⅰ(w(Mo)<0.01％)降低.从类型Ⅰ→类型Ⅱ→类型Ⅲ,磁黄铁矿中Cu、Fe元素含量降低;Zn、Co、Ni含量增高.高家塝钨矿床形成白钨矿的成矿流体从类型Ⅱ→类型Ⅲ→类型Ⅰ,氧逸度降低;形成磁黄铁矿的早期石英-硫化物阶段,类型Ⅱ的成矿流体降温速率缓慢,类型Ⅰ和Ⅲ的成矿流体发生快速冷凝作用.区域对比研究显示,高家塝矿床为贫钼白钨矿矿床,形成于还原环境.     

云南来利山锡矿矿物学研究及氢氧同位素特征

在详细的野外调研及岩相学研究基础上,通过X射线粉晶衍射和红外光谱等测试手段,研究云南来利山锡矿不同成矿阶段石英和锡石的晶胞参数及红外光谱特征,解译石英和锡石的成因信息。研究表明,来利山锡矿热液成矿期可分为4个成矿阶段,即云母-黄铁矿-黄玉-粒状锡石阶段(Ⅰ)、云母-石英-黄铁矿-柱状锡石阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-黄铁矿-放射状锡石阶段(Ⅲ)和萤石-石英-黄铁矿-球粒状锡石阶段(Ⅳ)。从第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅳ阶段,石英晶胞参数中a0、c0、V0和c0/a0均有减小的趋势,石英轴变化率比值为0.773 07~3.496 88;石英红外光谱各吸收峰的吸光度有增大的趋势。推测第Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段石英所含杂质以Al3+、Fe3+等置换杂质为主,第Ⅲ阶段较为复杂,可能存在置换杂质和填隙杂质两种类型,第Ⅳ阶段所含杂质以Na+、K+等填隙杂质为主。锡石晶胞参数中a0、c0和V0随着成矿阶段的演化先减小后增大,其中第Ⅱ阶段a0、c0和V0值最小。这与不同成矿阶段锡石中杂质元素总量的变化规律一致,反映了锡石的晶胞参数变化主要受混入晶格元素的影响,而温度对锡石晶胞参数的影响较小。锡石红外光谱特征在不同成矿阶段的基本相似,属于变形谱,反映了锡石-硫化物热液矿床的谱形特征。此外,石英氢氧同位素组成显示成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水混合物,推测初始成矿热液主要来自岩浆,随着热液演化,大气水沿构造裂隙混入到热液中,使热液的氢氧同位素组成向大气水一侧偏移。     

白银厂铜矿床石英中固体和流体包裹体的研究

白银厂矿区位于北祁连加里东褶皱带中,早古生代海底火山喷发沉积和海相碎屑沉积岩广布于区内。矿体产于酸性石英角斑凝灰岩、石英角斑岩之中。矿石分块状和浸染状两种类型。主要矿石矿物有黄铁矿和黄铜矿,其次为闪锌矿、方铅矿。主要脉石矿物为石英、绢云母、绿泥石及碳酸盐类矿物等。     

广东丰顺十字路矿区矿体特征与找矿潜力

广东丰顺十字路矿区位于莲花山断裂带锡铜多金属矿整装勘查区北部,早白垩世中细粒（黑云母）二长花岗岩与中-上侏罗统热水洞组火山岩的内外接触带上,区内目前共揭露矿体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号3条成矿破碎带,对各成矿破碎带特征进行详细研究发现：金属矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、锡石、毒砂、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英、绿泥石、云母等。根据矿床的成矿地质环境和矿体矿化特征,初步认为该矿床为岩浆期后热液裂隙充填交代硫化物型矿床,并对该区找矿潜力进行了分析,为区内下一步找矿工作提供参考。     

Metallogeny of the Huaaobaote Ag-polymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia: Constraints from zircon and cassiterite U-Pb datingSCIEI北大核心CSCD

花敖包特超大型银多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段,矿体主要呈脉状赋存于二叠系寿山沟组的断裂中,部分矿体呈囊状产于寿山沟组与华力西期蛇绿岩的接触带中。矿体主要包括银铅锌锑矿体、锡铜矿体、铜铅锌矿体、锡矿体和银矿体。花敖包特矿床可划分为4个成矿阶段,分别为石英-锡石-毒砂-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、石英-绢云母-锡石-黄铜矿-毒砂-磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-黝铜矿阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、石英-绢云母-萤石-方解石-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铁矿-辉锑矿-含银硫盐矿物阶段(Ⅲ阶段)和石英-方解石-黄铁矿-辉银矿-深红银矿阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。对花敖包特矿区2件次流纹岩样品开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得135.4±0.8Ma和134.8±0.8Ma的年龄。对成矿Ⅰ阶段锡矿石和Ⅱ阶段锡铜矿石进行了LA-ICP-MS锡石U-Pb定年,分别获得136.3±2.0Ma和134.3±1.7Ma的加权平均年龄。定年结果表明,花敖包特矿床次流纹岩、锡矿体和锡铜矿体均形成于早白垩世。尽管二者形成时间相近,但脉体穿切关系及矿化分带特征均表明次流纹岩并非成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源。本文认为,花敖包特矿床真正的成矿地质体为隐伏于矿区深部的次火山岩钟,其矿床成因类型为与次火山岩相关的热液矿床。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Shock-induced amorphous textures in plagioclase,Manicouagan, Quebec,Canada

The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events.     

A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes

On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing, China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the Wulong rockslide.     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

湖北宜昌王家湾五峰组顶部Chondrites的发现及其环境意义

本文报道了湖北宜昌王家湾剖面五峰组笔石页岩段观音桥层发现的遗迹化石Chondrites的分布及其生态特点。结合生物相和同期上扬子海盆相对海平面的变化,分析了盆地水体底域在缺氧一富氧转折时期的古氧相变化特征：指出五峰组笔石页岩段上部地层沉积底域为典型的缺氧环境,在其与上覆观音桥段之间的沉积转换面附近发生了从无氧到有氧的转变,观音桥段中Hirnantia动物群繁盛于富氧的海底环境。     

Flood anticipation,reality, and uncertainty,the 2019 flood in Khuzestan,Iran

Natural Hazards - Despite the application of various methods to calculate uncertainty in flood vulnerability assessments, the challenge of uncertainty remains. The main purpose of this study was to...     

丘北普者黑岩溶地貌景观特征

通过介绍普者黑地区的岩溶地貌特征,借鉴石林和桂林的研究模式,对普者黑的岩溶地貌形成机理进行了深入研究,并针对普者黑独特的亚热带高原岩溶地貌的特征,阐述了其研究的科学价值。     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

Disruption in Biogeosciences:Conceptual,Methodological,Digital,and Technological

正Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches (specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general) might provide insight into some of the grand challenges in Earth's history:evolution of minerals,rise of oxygen,life,influence of super continental cycles,quantifying the magnitude of extinction events,and more.As a result,the team of mineralogists,petrologists,geochemists,     

日本北海道音调津的球状石墨

本文利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等手段对日本北海道音调津球状石墨的成因、结构等进行研究,认为日本北海道音调津球状石墨中除了石墨外,还存在镍黄铁矿﹑黄铜矿﹑磁黄铁矿等金属硫化物矿物。通过透射电子显微镜观察发现音调津石墨中大部分是椭圆状石墨颗粒,高分辨晶格条纹主要是非晶态结构,但是同时也发现了结晶良好的石墨。高结晶度石墨的存在可能是在硫化物Fe-Ni-Cu的触媒作用下形成的。天然球状石墨的微结构和性状研究对天然石墨的形成和开发应用有重要意义,对新型碳材料的制备技术有重要科学意义。