冀北地区金和铅锌银多金属矿床成矿地质条件对比

冀北地区分布的金和铅锌银等多金属矿床，成矿地质条件上有相似性，也有差异。金矿主要分布在燕山台褶带内，与早太古代桑干群变质岩系有关，受华力西期水泉沟碱性杂岩体控制。铅锌银等金属矿主要分布在内蒙地轴范围内，与晚太古代红旗营子群变质岩系有关，受燕山期中酸性浅－超浅成小岩株控制。两者的构造控制相似。     

岫岩张家堡-穆家岭多金属矿区地质特征及找矿新认识

岫岩张家堡-穆家岭多金属矿区位于辽东半岛中部东胜-牧牛多金属矿化集中区,通过对辽东南地区铅锌金银多金属矿资料研究和找矿实践,对找多金属矿床有了一些新的认识.认为该区具备找到大-中型多金属矿的地质物化探综合条件.     

云南中甸格咱铜多金属矿集区成矿系列与找矿前景

通过对云南中甸格咱铜多金属矿集区成矿地质背景的分析,结合近期地质勘查成果,表明区内成矿作用与岩浆活动关系密切,成矿具有多期性、复合叠加的特点,进而将矿集区划分为3个成矿系列：一是与印支期岩浆成矿作用有关的铜铅锌矿床成矿系列、二是与燕山期岩浆成矿作用有关的钨钼铜铅锌金银矿床成矿系列、三是与喜马拉雅期岩浆成矿作用有关的金铜铅锌矿床成矿系列.特殊的地质构造环境显示了该区具有广泛的找矿前景.     

小兴安岭东南段重要铅锌多金属、钼矿床的成矿年龄

小兴安岭成矿带东南段是我国东北地区重要的铅锌多金属矿化、钼矿化集中区之一,成矿作用与区内花岗质岩浆侵入作用密切相关,铅锌多金属矿床成因类型为夕卡岩型,钼矿床成因类型为斑岩型.对区内典型矿床进行锆石精确测年研究结果表明,铅锌多金属矿床成矿年龄集中在175.8~209 Ma,鹿鸣钼矿床成矿年龄为176±4 Ma.认为铅锌多金属矿的（主）成矿期为印支晚期-燕山早期,钼矿成矿期为燕山早期.     

东昆仑祁漫塔格地区滩间山群矽卡岩化成矿作用

祁漫塔格地区滩间山群广泛发育,且与成矿关系密切。在该区已发现的尕林格铁矿床、卡尔却卡铜多金属矿床、肯德可克铁钴铋金矿床、虎头崖Ⅵ铜铅锌多金属带、Ⅱ铜铅锌铁锡多金属矿带等均与滩间山群关系密切。通过对区内成矿与滩间山群关系密切的典型矽卡岩型矿床剖析,得出该地区交代滩间山群的矽卡岩型矿化的成矿物源主要受控于滩间山群。在该区要重视寻找与滩间山群有关的矽卡岩型矿床,特别是滩间山群下岩组发育地段是成矿的有利地段。     

福建德化吉溪铅锌多金属矿异常区地质特征及找矿远景分析

德化吉溪铅锌多金属矿异常位于溪口组中,其Ⅳ号蚀变体(矽卡岩)、V号蚀变体(铅锌矿化脉)均分布在接触带附近.区内断裂是较好的导矿储矿构造,与Pb、Zn异常关系密切.通过对异常区地球化学特征及成矿地质条件等分析,认为该区有一定找矿远景.     

论冀西北青羊沟—兰闫一带铅锌多金属矿地质特征及找矿方向

青羊沟—兰闫一带为冀西北一个重要的热液型铅锌多金属成矿带,其成矿地质条件优越,太古宇红旗营子群地层锌、铅、银等微量元素的含量超出地壳克拉克值的含量数十倍,形成多金属矿床的潜在矿源层;位于成矿带南侧的尚义—赤城深大断裂,东侧的乌龙沟—上黄旗深断裂,西侧的张北—高山堡断裂及由此派生出的逐级次级断裂构造形成区内的导矿与容矿构造;燕山期中酸性岩浆活动为成矿提供了热源,同时携带了大量的成矿物质,为成矿提供了母液。该成矿带内多金属矿床、矿点较多,主要有：赤城县青羊沟,张北县石头囫囵、蔡家营,康保县兰闫等铅锌多金属矿点。该成矿带分布范围较广（4208km2）,如通过进一步的地质工作,仍具有较大的找矿空间。本文通过对成矿带内的成矿地质特征,成矿作用与成矿规律进行分析、研究,确定了找矿方向,以期对区内探寻新矿点,实现区域找矿新突破提供一定的指导价值。     

河北丰宁营房铅锌银矿床银的赋存状态及富集规律

河北丰宁营房铅锌银矿床产于－近南北向的中型韧性剪切带中。矿体定位于燕山早期粗粒钾长花岗岩与下元古界红旗营子群地层构造接触带中，矿体埋藏浅，厚度大，品位高，已构成铅锌银共生矿床。主要银矿物有银黝铜矿、辉银矿、螺状硫银矿、浓红银矿及自然银等，银主要以单矿物形式赋存于方铅矿及闪锌矿中，少量存在于脉石中，极不量以类质同像或次显微包体形式存在于硫化物和硫盐矿物中，银的富集主要与方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿关系密切     

福建光泽崩山铅锌多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景探讨

光泽崩山铅锌多金属矿产于晚侏罗世下渡组酸性火山岩及碎斑熔岩中,受北东向断裂控制.目前已发现矿体4个,各矿体呈脉状、透镜状产出,矿石主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿,与硅化、黄铁矿化关系密切,属火山构造气成热液充填型矿床.分析认为其深部仍具有较好的寻找铅锌多金属矿的潜力.     

福建省永定大排铁铅锌多金属矿矿床特征及成矿时代

福建永定大排铁铅锌多金属矿床是闽西南地区近年来发现的大型多金属矿床。对矿区内蚀变花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果显示其分别形成于(127.0±1.8)Ma和(133.5±4.1)Ma,这一年龄与区内马坑铁矿及潘田铁矿的成岩成矿年龄相一致,指示区域上该期铁铅锌多金属矿与区内花岗质岩浆作用有密切的时间和成因联系,大排铁铅锌多金属的主成矿期可能为燕山期。结合已有的区域地质资料及研究成果,认为福建永定大排铁铅锌多金属矿床可能为层控矽卡岩型-斑岩型复合型矿床。     

嵌岩扩底灌注桩及MRR型基岩扩底钻头

简要介绍了国内外扩底技术现状、扩底灌注桩的特点、ＭＲＲ型基岩扩底钻头的结构衣技术参数，结合工程实例对ＭＲＲ１０００钻头的使用效果进行了分析。     

岩石质量描述图与岩石质量风险分析探讨

本文针对结构面间距最常见的两种分布形式－－负指数分布和对数正态分布，探讨了岩石质量指标（RQD）的Monte-Carlo模拟方法，首和无根据结构面间距分布密度函数产和一包含50万个随机结构面并按生成顺序排列的模拟真实岩体的总测线，然后为了和实际 钻探时以2米测线计算RQD相一致，在总测线上按均匀分布形式随机抽取大于等于2米的局部测线共5万个计算RQD单值，并进一步统计得出所有RQD的平均值，RQD累积分布曲及岩石质量描述图，对于自然界大部分岩体，可根据结构面间距统计参数，直接在本文得出的一系列岩石质量图上定出RQD平均值，岩石质量百分比（RQP）及岩石质量风险（RQR）。     

全岩热模拟新方法及其在气源岩评价中的应用

由中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院建立的全岩热模拟仪器分析方法是采用岩心样品(岩石颗粒0.5～2 mm)来模拟烃类生成的一项实验新技术.该方法模拟结果表明:(1)不同类型样品单位质量岩石的产气率与传统的加水温压模拟法结果具有可比性;(2)能够反映源岩在不同演化阶段的产气量;(3)比常规的有机碳评价方法能更准确地反映源岩在不同演化阶段的产气潜力.(4)全岩热模拟新方法经济、简便、分析周期短,可以用于大量常规样品分析,是判识有效气源岩及定量评价的一种快速、可靠的方法,在油气勘探过程中,将对烃源岩的评价发挥重要作用。     

Micromechanical Modelling of Stress Waves in Rock and Rock Fractures

The goal of this paper is to simulate the interaction of stress waves and rock fractures in a particle micromechanical model. Stress waves travelling in fractured rock masses are slowed down and attenuated by natural heterogeneities, voids, microcracks and, above all, by faults and fractures. Considerable laboratory and theoretical investigation have uncovered the major aspects of this phenomenon, but models that cover the core mechanisms of the wave propagation in rock masses are necessary to investigate aspects of wave–fracture interaction, which are not completely clear, and in the future simulate full-scale real problems. The micromechanical model is based on the particle discrete element model that reproduces rock through a densely packed non-structured assembly of 2D disks with point contacts. The model of a hard rock core is developed and an irregular rock joint is generated at mid-height. A new contact constitutive model is applied to the particles in the joint walls. Numerical static joint compression tests are performed and a typical hyperbolic stress–displacement curve is obtained. Conditions for good quality wave transmission through non-jointed unorganized particulate media are determined, hybrid static–dynamic boundary conditions are established and plane waves are emitted into the compressed joint. The transmitted and reflected waves are extracted and analysed. Joint dynamic stiffness calculated according to the hypotheses of the Displacement Discontinuity Theory shows to increase with the static joint compression until the joint is completely closed. Still in its early stages of application, this rock micromechanical model enables the joint behaviour under static and dynamic loading to be analysed in detail. Its advantages are the reproduction of the real mechanics of contact creation, evolution and destruction and the possibility of visualizing in detail the joint geometry changes, which is hard to accomplish in the laboratory.     

The Use of Rock Mass Classification Systems to Estimate the Modulus and Strength of Jointed Rock

Three-dimensional, elastic and elasto-plastic finite element (FE) programs have permitted calculation of the displacements and the factor of safety (FOS) for the excavation for a tower, 132.70 m high (above foundation) on the island of Tenerife. The tower is supported by a 2 m thick reinforced concrete slab on jointed, vesicular and weathered basalt and scoria. The installation of rod extensometers at different depths below the slab has permitted comparison between measured and calculated displacements and the estimation of in situ deformation modulus. The moduli deduced from the simple empirical equations proposed by Hoek et al. (In: NARMS-TAC, 2002) and Gokceoglu et al. (Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 40:701–710, 2003) as a function of GSI, and Nicholson and Bieniawski (Int J Min Geol Eng 8:181–202, 1990) as a function of RMR, provide an acceptable fit with the measured settlements in this type of rock. Good correlation is also obtained with the empirical equation presented by Verman et al. (Rock Mech Rock Eng 30(3):121–127, 1997) that incorporates the influence of confining stress in the deformation modulus. The FOS obtained from different correlations with geomechanical classifications is within a relatively narrow range. These results increase our confidence in the use of classification schemes to estimate the deformation and stability in jointed rock.     

Rock Kriging with the Microscope

An idea to consider rock textures from a geostatistical viewpoint is suggested. Mineral grains are coded by indicator functions. Four metrics are shown of interest for petrographic applications. The simplest one is used to calculate covariograms of indicators for platinum-bearing gabbronorite from the Pansky rock massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) with maximal range of 2 units. This is generalized in the concept of a minimal cluster of mineral grains for the given rock. The theory allows us to combine grain-by-grain and cluster-by-cluster considerations of rock texture. It may be used to classify monotonous lithological series using nuances of rock textures.     

判别碳酸盐岩是烃源岩还是储集岩的指标

<正> 在实际勘探中,碳酸盐岩既可作为烃源岩,也可作为储集岩存在。确定碳酸盐岩中含有的烃类是原生的,还是从它处运移而来的,这在勘探实践中有着指导意义。为此目的,许怀先等用岩石热解分析方法做了大量研究工作。结果表明岩石中原油的热蒸发烃高峰温度和干酪根热解烃高峰温度具有显著差异:干酪根热解产烃高峰温度 T_(max)为400～600℃;原油热蒸发烃最高峰温度 T_(max)为300～400℃。由此可以区分原油的热蒸发烃和干酪根的热解烃,并进一步判定当最高热解峰温 T_(max)>400℃时,该岩石为烃源岩,而当T_(max)<400℃时,则为储集岩。对干酪根热解的进一步研究表明,不同成熟度的干酪根在不同的热降解温度范围内的产烃量是不同的。低成熟度的干酪根在450～600℃范围内所产生的烃占热解烃的5%     

Rock Stress,Rock Stress Measurements,and the Integrated Stress Determination Method (ISDM)

The primary objectives of this work are to (1) improve the understanding of the prevailing stress distribution at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in SE Sweden by employing an integrated stress determination approach, and in order to accomplish this (2) extend the existing stress integration methodology denominated integrated stress determination method (ISDM; Cornet in Comprehensive Rock Engineering vol 3, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 413–432, 1993a). The new developments of the ISDM involve a 12-parameter representation of the regional stress field in the rock mass (i.e., the full stress tensor and its variation with depth) that is applicable to hydraulic stress data (sleeve fracturing, hydraulic fracturing, and hydraulic tests on pre-existing fractures), overcoring data (CSIR- and CSIRO-type of devices), and to combinations of hydraulic and overcoring stress data. For the latter case, the elastic parameters of the overcoring technique may be solved in situ by allowing the hydraulic stress data to constrain them. As a result, the problem then involves 14 model parameters. Results from the study show that the ISDM effectively improves the precision of the prevailing stress field determination and that it is especially powerful for identification of consistencies/inconsistencies in an existing data set. Indeed, this is the very basic premise and goal of stress integration; combine all available data to achieve as complete a characterization of the mechanical stress model as possible, and not to identify a solution that fits only loosely the maximum amount of stress data.     

二连盆地烃源岩层内云质岩油气成藏研究

二连盆地下白垩统发育一套陆源碎屑与碳酸盐矿物组成的混合沉积物, 近年来在其中发现大量油气显示。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析和岩石热解等方法, 综合研究了云质岩储集层的岩石学特征、储集空间类型、物性特征和成藏主控因素等。研究认为, 云质岩储集层孔隙度高、渗透率低, 属于低渗透-致密储集层, 溶蚀作用或构造作用产生铸模孔和构造溶蚀缝, 形成云质岩的“甜点”区; 高碳酸盐含量烃源岩和低渗透-致密储集层呈互层式展布, 烃源岩成熟度低, 生烃超压不发育, 与优质烃源岩(TOC>2%)相邻储集层溶蚀孔隙发育, 从而降低油气充注阻力, 最有利于油气聚集成藏。