内蒙温都尔庙式铁矿特征及富矿控制因素

温都尔庙式铁矿分布于集二铁路线东侧,天山-阴山纬向构造带东端北缘加里东优地槽褶皱带中.矿体赋存在寒武-奥陶系温都尔庙群地层里.该群分布广泛,可划为南北两带.目前南带地层研究较详(表1).区内构造复杂,褶皱紧密,断层发育.该矿床发现于1954年,以后进行了大量地质工作,并有新进展,过去认为是泥盆系沉积变质矿床,以贫矿为主,局部富矿为后期热液叠加作用的结果.1977年笔者参加该类型矿床的研究工作,根据大量资料,认为温都尔庙式铁矿应     

辽吉朝褶皱带古元古宙岩浆核杂岩及其大地构造意义

通过对辽吉朝古元古代褶皱带的构造演化分析,尤其对褶皱带南带内发育的典型构造组合及相应出现的岩浆活动、变质作用和变形作用的系统构造分析,提出岩浆核杂岩是古元古代褶皱带早期演化过程中形成的主要构造型式.岩浆核杂岩主要由3种成分、性质、特点及变质演化不同的构造单元构成,即核部岩浆杂岩、外部的滑覆体壳及其间的幔部顺层韧性剪切带.岩浆核杂岩的构造分析,揭示出它们形成于褶皱带早期阶段演化的伸展作用过程中.     

甘肃省肃南县镜铁山黑沟铁矿床地质特征及找矿方向

黑沟铁矿床位于甘肃省肃南县镜铁山一带,地处祁连山褶皱系北部,北与阿拉善地块和阿拉善南缘加里东褶皱带相接,南与中祁连隆起带毗邻,是我国西北地区规模最大的镜铁山铁矿的第二大矿区,属沉积变质型铁矿床。铁矿体赋存于中元古界长城系朱龙关群桦树沟组第七岩性段中,因受褶皱构造的影响而呈向斜构造形态。根据近年来黑沟铁矿床的勘查成果,结合区域地质背景和矿床地质特征,认为该区域与沉积变质型铁矿相关的找矿标志为地层标志、构造标志、岩石蚀变标志。通过对黑沟铁矿床地质特征和找矿标志的研究,为镜铁山周边区域同类型铁矿的找矿方向提供指导意义。     

肃南县羊露河上游似鞍山式铁矿地质特征及找矿方向

羊露河上游铁矿位于北祁连西段加里东褶皱带西段.铁矿体赋存于下元古界长城系上岩组含铁角闪片岩中,含矿层位严格受地层层位控制,矿石构造具有同生沉积特征,并显示了热液富集作用特点,具"似鞍山式"铁矿成因特征,矿石品位较高,盲矿体存在的可能性较大,因此具有重要的找矿意义.     

北祁连西段寒山金矿控矿构造及富集规律

寒山金矿床产于北祁连西段加里东褶皱带北缘,区内矿产资源丰富,加强其控矿构造及矿化富集规律研究,对矿区勘查意义重大。通过野外调查及室内研究,发现矿区内赋矿地层为奥陶系阴沟群火山碎屑岩。矿区内褶皱构造及韧-脆性剪切带发育,联合控制了矿体的分布。韧-脆性剪切带发育在褶皱两翼,受层滑剪切系统控制。矿体产在背斜转折端及两翼韧-脆性剪切带内,呈楔形产出,向下迅速尖灭。研究认为,矿体主要富集在韧-脆性剪切带发育部位,矿体的富集程度与蚀变带规模正相关,靠近背斜转折端的位置为矿体富集地段,多阶段成矿作用同部位叠加构成富矿体。     

大巴山前陆带东段神农架地区构造变形研究

神农架地区位于大巴山前陆弧形构造带东段, 以阳日断裂为界, 可分为北带基底拆离带和南带神农架隆起, 北带以E -W走向的基底拆离和盖层滑脱为特征, 古生界盖层褶皱紧闭; 南带神农架隆起周缘的盖层变形特征各异, 北缘变形较弱, 东缘变形很强, 其西、南周缘发育特征的裙边状褶皱构造, 南缘裙边褶皱以枢纽大角度倾伏为典型特征。古构造应力场反演结果显示, 该区主要受控于近S -N向主压应力作用; 受到神农架、黄陵两个隆起相向对挤作用, 神农架隆起东缘主压应力方向为NW -SE向, 两个不同方向的应力场可能均与早燕山期大巴山强烈的陆内造山作用有关。综合分析和对比结果显示, 大巴山前陆构造带东段的构造演化历史经历了印支雏形期和早燕山定型期两个构造演化阶段, 神农架基底隆起对大巴山前陆弧型构造带的形成起到了限制作用, 神农架地区的构造变形研究对于探讨大巴山前陆弧形带的形成和演化具有重要的指导意义。      

海南岛石碌韧性剪切带的主要特征与“北一”式铁矿的成因

在详细介绍了海南石碌韧性剪切带宏观和显微构造特征的基础上,本文运用“构造控制成岩成矿”新理论,对石碌铁矿成因进行了全面剖析。通过多年的调查及研究,提出石碌矿床控矿构造是韧性剪切带及其“构造透镜体(箭鞘褶皱)”。石碌富铁矿床主要成因是:原始沉积的贫铁矿在构造透镜体形成过程中经过塑性流动富集、压溶去硅等构造—成岩成矿作用,使贫铁变富铁,形成厚大的“北一”式矿体。总结了“北一”式铁矿的主要特征,根据厘定的石碌韧性剪切带及其构造透镜体的构造控矿及成岩成矿机制圈定了“北一”式矿体的找矿靶区,并进一步探讨了在基底变质岩系中和深部的找矿问题。     

通化县四方山铁矿地质特征

四方山铁矿经历了三期变形。第一期,当太古宙表壳岩形成后,来自东西向挤压作用,地层和矿体(S0)形成近南北向紧密褶皱构造。第二期,来自北西—南东方向挤压作用,使已经变形地层和矿体(S1)又一次变形,形成走向北东—南西叠加褶皱构造,这一期为四方山铁矿主期构造。第三期,来自北—西向和南东向不对称推力作用,使已经历二次变形地层、矿层均形成了S形,使S2又一次变形。     

桂西北林旺金矿床构造控矿规律及成矿模式探讨

桂西北林旺金矿是近年来右江盆地新发现的卡林型金矿,位于乐业碳酸盐台地边缘乐业-浪全同生断裂带上。通过对矿区进行野外调查、岩矿鉴定并结合勘探成果进行综合研究,发现I号矿体群与断裂、褶皱的时空联系具有构造分带的特征,以F1断层为界,上盘褶皱鞍部发育石英杂砂岩夹粉砂质泥岩矿体,矿体近F1断层破碎带部位发育破碎的硅化构造岩带,F1下盘近破碎带部位发育强烈劈理化、炭化粉砂质泥岩带,指示矿区在印支期挤压过程中,石英杂砂岩顺着先存构造薄弱面以泥岩层为滑动系统,往上部逆冲并逐渐发生褶皱,产生许多张裂隙,成为成矿流体富集的场所。林旺金矿床是层滑-褶皱构造体系与成矿流体耦合作用的产物,分析了矿床构造成矿规律,提出了以层滑-褶皱运动机制为基础的成矿模式以及成矿远景。     

辽宁弓长岭铁矿二矿区构造特征分析

辽宁弓长岭铁矿不仅发现较早、规模较大、开采历史较长,而且向下延深较大且富铁矿增多。针对弓长岭二矿区的构造解剖研究表明,二矿区至少经历了4期构造变形:第一期为小型塑性流变褶皱,第二期为区域规模的倒转同斜褶皱,第三期属于横跨叠加褶皱,第四期为区域规模的隆升。伴随着四期褶皱作用的断裂构造,从早到晚,则表现为韧性剪切带-脆韧性剪切带-韧脆性剪切带-脆性破裂。构造变形对铁矿的形成有一定的控制作用。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。