松辽盆地南部测井相的建立与测井相分析

笔者在前人提出“测井相”概念的基础上，针对研究区的实际情况和实用原则，将此概念扩展为“岩性-测井相”和“沉积-测井相”两层含义。通过对岩性测井响应参数和测井曲线特征的详细分析，建立研究区砂岩型铀矿找矿目的层的岩性-测井相和沉积-测井相以及进行测井相分析，同时利用测井曲线特征和测井响应参数值构建的地层岩性模拟剖面进行剖面沉积环境及其演变的分析。     

一种分析砂岩沉积相的新方法——测井相分析

本文分析了以地层倾角测井资料为核心的各种测井相标志，提出了应用测井资料进行沉积相分析的方法和步骤，并在塔里木盆地三个油田进行了测井地质相分析。     

陕北南泥湾油田测井方法技术及发展方向

本文着重介绍了陕北南泥湾油田特低渗高阻含油层的测井系列选择及测井解释原则,并利用测井曲线估算储集层参数孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度,选择最佳压裂油段,取得了显著的地质效果。文中最后指出陕北石油测井今后应解决的地质问题和测井发展方向——数字测井技术。     

利用测井曲线进行煤、岩层追综对比的方法及应用

在煤田地质勘探中,通过岩、煤层综合对比可以研究地质构造、了解沉积关系、掌握岩层厚度及结构变化等信息。利用测井曲线进行煤、岩层综合对比,应首先了解勘查区的地质资料,在此基础上制作地层信息与测井响应相对应的标准地质-地球物理测井柱状剖面图。并以勘查实例,介绍了测井曲线进行岩、煤层综合对比的方法、步骤及注意事项等。     

地球物理测井在沙特阿拉伯地下水开发中的应用

地下水资源是沙特阿拉伯的战略资源,本文介绍了沙特阿拉伯地下水分布、测井项目,分析了含水层的地球物理测井曲线特征,分析了CBL测井值和固井质量的关系和CBL测井的影响因素,介绍了用CCL测井的应用和泥浆电阻率和泥浆温度测井的应用,讨论了浅部地层的含水层解释的难点。     

用自然伽玛曲线与岩石粒序关系解释沉积相

分析了三角洲相的自然伽测井曲线与岩石粒度的相关关系，并应用数学处理方法，对自然伽至测井曲线形态特征进行了量化，建立起与各种沉积相相对应的测井曲线形态标准特征模式，利用计算机自动解释沉积相类型。     

青海省柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系含煤地层测井相分析研究

在柴达木盆地北缘含煤区的地质勘查中,依据测井单参数曲线与多参数组合曲线特征,结合传统地质学,建立了与勘探区地质沉积相对应的测井相。其中鱼卡二井选择了详查阶段的7个钻孔测井资料,依据各岩性段的岩石组合、层序、沉积相变化等规律,将其含煤地层大煤沟组分为4个测井相;同样在红柳泉项目,将整个含煤岩段从下到上划分为8个测井相。通过以岩石标志层和煤岩层为骨架进行的全井田测井相分析,为该区建立了一套直观、连续、可比性强的煤岩层对比和聚煤环境分析的有效方法。     

雷达图分析法在测井解释中的应用

应用雷达图分析法进行相识别,将未取芯井测井相曲线与标准井测井相曲线叠加,通过曲线差异对比法或面积法来识别未知井储层岩性或含油气性.详细阐述了雷达图分析方法的原理,给出了雷达图绘图软件运行流程,并利用实例加以验证.实践证明:在测井解释中,雷达图分析法可以较为精确地确定井剖面地层岩性,识别储层流体;绘图软件可以有效地辅助完成地层测井响应特征的对比分析.     

测井在天然气水合物勘探与评价中的应用

测井是水合物深入勘探阶段一钻探阶段的必要手段，已得到较好应用。文章综合介绍和分析了ODP204航次、加拿大西北马更些河三角洲地区Mallik5L-38井、IODP311航次及日本南海海槽等较新的水合物钻探调查的测井方法与技术，重点分析了核磁测井、电磁波测井及偶极横波测井等测井新技术在水合物勘探与评价中的应用，对测井方法在水合物勘探中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

埋藏第四系的沉积相研究——地球物理测井解释在第四纪沉积研究中的应用

关于第四纪埋藏沉积物成因类型的研究,常规的方法是利用钻井取芯资料进行综合分析和对比,所得结论往往是定性的。由于钻井取芯的费用十分昂贵,且第四纪松散沉积物的收获率一般比较低,所以这种方法的广泛应用受到了很大的限制。本文介绍了一种利用测井资料进行沉积相分析的思路和方法。由于地球物理测井具有快速、经济等特点,因此该方法在第四纪沉积的研究中具有较好的应用前景。另外,随着计算机的广泛使用,人工智能技术的迅速发展为测井相分析的定量化和自动化提供了实现的途径。     

Feature

Over the past decade, planets have been discovered that orbit other stars, a vast ocean has been detected below the icy crust of Jupiter's satellite, Europa, and fossils have been reported in a rock from Mars. On Earth, micro-organisms have been identified that inhabit environments previously thought to be too inhospitable to support life. All these observations have helped to define the interdisciplinary subject that has come to be known as astrobiology.     

塔里木盆地北部奥陶系中部台地—盆地相序列中的高分辨率旋回特征

深入研究了塔里木盆地北部奥陶系中部一段台地—盆地相序列中的高分辨率碳酸盐岩旋回的特征。在盆地相和开阔陆棚—开阔台地相中分别识别出了最低级别的五级和七级旋回 ,分析了不同级别旋回的组成及其有序叠加方式 ,强调了海平面变化对碳酸盐岩旋回的控制作用。讨论了在开阔陆棚环境中碳酸盐岩的Milankovitch旋回特征 ,并据此进行了不同级别旋回时限的估算 ,为高分辨率年代地层学提供了重要的理论基础。     

Mapping of quick clay formations using geotechnical and geophysical methods

Quick clay has been involved in most serious, large clay slides in Sweden, Norway, and Canada. This paper describes geotechnical and geophysical methods that can be used to locate and map the extent of quick clay formations. Surface resistivity measurements and four different sounding methods have been tested. The results have been compared with sensitivities determined using fall-cone tests. The investigation shows that there is a correlation between sensitivity and electrical resistivity, which can be used to discriminate between marine clays that have been leached sufficiently to possibly form quick clay and those for which the salt content remains sufficiently high to prevent this. Although the most reliable evaluation of the variation in sensitivity was obtained by the CPT with additional measurement of total penetration force, this investigation suggests that any sounding method that uses a constant rate of advance into the ground and in which the penetration force applied on the top of the rods is measured may be used for quick clay mapping.     

On the experimental silicification of microorganisms. III. Implications of the preservation of the green prokaryotic alga prochloron and other coccoids for interpretation of the microbial fossil record

Evidence for Precambrian fossil eukaryotic microorganisms has been based on: (1) the presence of internal ‘spots’ which have been variously interpreted to be remains of nuclei or pyrenoids of photosynthetic plastids or other organelles; (2) tetrahedral tetrad arrangement of cells; (3) trilete scars interpreted to be indicative of meiotic division: (4) large cell diameters; and (5) putative mitotic cell divisions. These features have been reported in fossils preserved in Precambrian cherts. We have studied modern microbial mats, thought to be analogues of Precambrian fossil communities, and found they may be silicified by laboratory procedures. In microbial mats from Baja California we have found many ‘spot cells’ that we could identify as remains of cyanophytes. We have silicified the newly discovered large prokaryotic coccoid green alga Prochloron and have found that it, like many cyanophytes previously silicified, preserves its structure and maintains its initial dimensions. In laboratory-silicified prokaryotic organisms we have found that all of the above criteria, supposedly characteristic of eukaryotes, can be observed. We conclude that there is no compelling morphological evidence for fossil eukaryotic microbes from Precambrian cherts.     

Precambrian acritarcha: A cautionary note

Extensive studies have shown that acritarch-like artifacts, ‘pseudomicrofossils’, may be easily produced during acid maceration of samples. Such acritarch-like forms may also be found in rocks and in modern ecological settings. The most common pseudomicrofossils are microstructures which have specific gravities less than unity. Such ‘light-microfossils’ have been described previously by A.C. Lopuchin and coworkers (1978). Experiments have more recently been conducted, including microscopic observations and scanning electron microscopy, the results revealing that these ‘light-microfossils’ actually consist of finely-dispersed organic substances and that pseudomicrofossils can be formed during each step of the customary maceration processes. Consequently, care must be taken when referring to certain published taxa, particularly to forms resembling Trachysphaeridium, Asperatopsophosphaera, Pseudozonosphaera, Trematosphaeridium, Taeniatum and the Polyporata morphotypes, because they may include artifacts. The purpose of this preliminary report is to point out that, while there are many real acritarchs described and carefully diagnosed in the literature, a number of reports of artifacts merely resembling acritarchs have also been published inadvertently. In a broader sense, during the past 50 years numerous morphotypes assumed to be the remnants of organisms have been described from Precambrian strata. Many of the Precambrian microstructures are, in fact, not microfossils at all but various microstructures unrelated to syngenetic microorganisms.     

The study of tourism in Britain — a geographical perspective

Conclusion This review must be seen alongside others which have attempted to explore the relationship between geography (and geographers) and the study of leisure and recreation (Coppock 1980, 1982a). It serves to confirm the wide-ranging and diverse contribution that geographers have made in this field and the ways in which the study of tourism has reflected developments in the wider discipline. It also confirms the very close and intimate connection between studies of tourism and social and economic policy in Britain and indicates the way in which geographers have attempted to shape policy and have in turn been influenced by the needs and demands of policymakers. The rewards of such interaction are clear and yet costs have also been incurred by the academic geographic community. Not the least of these costs is that tourism studies have been predominantly of an empirical nature and conceptual and theoretical advance has inevitably tended to lag behind these empirical investigations. It is to be hoped that the study of the geography of tourism, having now demonstrated its credentials to policymakers and decision-makers alike, can secure for itself a more central place within geographic teaching and research so that these lacunae can be remedied.     

犛犇犆犗犚犛在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用

介绍了多基站网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统（CORS）的基本构成及其优势,结合工程实例,阐述了SDCORS在水文地质调查中的应用情况、可行性以及达到的精度,着重说明了采取何种措施才能达到其所需精度。通过SDCORS在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用,证明用该方法能够获得满足供水水文地质精度要求的测量成果,与常规方法相比具有方法可靠、测得的结果准确度高等优点,指出了测量时应该注意的问题。     

锅穴一定是第四纪冰川的标志吗？ *

锅穴地貌现象在西方地学界已有长足的研究,在中国地貌学界也并不陌生。锅穴通常形成于山区溪流河床,也形成于风化风蚀、石灰岩溶蚀、湖滨海岸浪蚀等作用。北美、北欧末次冰期大冰盖覆盖过的地方有冰水形成的锅穴。因此,锅穴是一种多成因的地貌现象。见到锅穴而不加多方辨别论证,一概说成是冰川形成,显然是十分危险的。风化和溶蚀形成锅穴属于物理化学作用,而流水和浪蚀形成锅穴属于水动力作用。关于水动力如何形成锅穴,西方地学界早就形成了公认的解释。冰水锅穴经过反复研究也确认,其形成机理与山区河流无异,均属湍急流水在河床局部形成环流驱动沙砾长期磨蚀的结果。既非西方人19世纪提出的"Moulin Hypothesis"能够成功解释,更非眼下国内少数人倡导的"滴水穿石"能够说明。河谷跌水比想象的冰川终端冰崖缺水更加有利。     

基于GIS技术多源信息集成的三峡水库库首区诱发地震危险性动态评价

将数值模拟成果与监测数据集成,对三峡水库库首区诱发地震危险性进行了动态评价。在GIS (geographic information system) 平台上将数值模拟结果用专业地震模型进行评价,其成果作为评价背景数据库。用实时的地震监测数据、地下水位监测数据、地壳形变监测数据对背景数据库进行更新。选用FLAC 3D为数值模拟工具,MAPGIS为GIS基础平台,VC＋＋为开发工具,研发了水库诱发地震危险性动态评价系统。系统提供在一定蓄水位条件下、一定评价范围、一定深度内的水库诱发地震灾害危险性区划。研究结果表明,在GIS平台上,利用信息融合技术,可以将水库诱发地震的数值模拟评估、监测数据评估进行集成,实现水库诱发地震危险性动态评价。     

湘西北寒武纪黔东世乔氏节头虫Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron 1899的再研究

节头虫属Arthricocephalus 的概念和异名问题得到了新的厘定和更正：过去所认为的“Arthricocephalus”属中的绝大部 分种应归入小掘头虫属Oryctocarella,而似节头虫属Arthricocephalites 则是Arthricocephalus 的晚出异名。根据采自湖南湘西花 垣县子腊村一些Arthricocephalus 处于不同个体发育时期的化石标本,研究并对比前人的材料后发现,诸如胸节数不同等区 别很可能是由于处于个体发育不同阶段所致,而非属种间的差异,因此提出目前节头虫属的各个种整理归并至乔氏节头虫 Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron 1899一种中,进而根据节头虫属与其它掘头虫类三叶虫形态和地层上的比较,讨论其演 化关系。