平阴县土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

平阴县土壤地球化学调查是按每1km^2采集1件表层样，4km^2组合成1件分析样，每4km2采集1件深层样，16km^2组合成1件分析样，分析测试Ag，As，Au，B，Ba，Be，Bi，Br，C，Cd，Ce，C1，Co，Cr，Cu，F等54元素或指标；统计了这些元素或指标的土壤地球化学基准值与背景值等参数；研究了区内土壤地球化学基准值、背景值与全国、黄河下游流域土壤及平原区、丘陵区土壤的差异；对比区内土壤地球化学基准值与背景值变化，认为区内大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质，后期人类活动对其影响较小，但C，Cd，C1，Hg，P，N，S，Se，Corg等元素或指标在表层土壤中已明显富集，表明表生作用和人类活动等因素已对这些元素或指标的含量变化与分布分配产生明显影响。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学调查是按1km2采集1件表层土壤样品,4km2组合成1件分析样品,4km2采集1件深层土壤样品,16km2组合成1件分析样品,测试Ag,As,Au,B,Ba,Be,Bi,Br,C等54项指标。对这些指标的地球化学基准值和背景值进行研究,认为表层、深层土壤中除与金及多金属成矿作用有关的Ag,Au,Hg,Mo,S,Sb等元素和Cl,Br,I等卤族元素空间变异性大外,大部分元素分布均匀,且表层土壤与深层土壤元素分布具有相似性。统计了青岛、东营、烟台、潍坊、日照、威海等6市的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值,发现6市绝大部分元素基准值和背景值相对稳定,与半岛蓝色经济区基本一致,仅部分指标基准值和背景值变化较大;各市土壤地球化学基准值主要受地质背景控制,而土壤地球化学背景值主要受地质背景和后期人类活动等多层因素控制。     

山东曹县地区土壤地球化学特征

山东省曹县地区土壤地球化学调查是按浅层土壤样品1点/4 km~2,深层土壤样品1点/16 km~2。测试N,P,K,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,Mn,F,As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cd等14种指标。在统计这些指标的表层、深层土壤地球化学特征参数的基础上,对其与世界、全省同类参数的差异进行了分析,并分析了区内表层、深层土壤元素含量的相关性,认为该区表层土壤元素含量的显著特征是高F而低P,Zn,Mo。大部分元素在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质的成分特征,但N,P,F,Hg等受人为活动和污染源的作用在表层土壤中明显富集。     

山东省土壤地球化学基准值

自2003年开始,历时15余年,在山东省开展了深层土壤地球化学调查,基本查明了全省土壤地球化学基准值。深层土壤样品采样密度为1点/4 km~2,16 km~2组合成1件分析样,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B等54项指标;统计并研究了这些指标土壤地球化学参数,确定了山东省土壤地球化学基准值,为山东省基础地质研究及地质找矿与区划等提供了基础数据。     

山东省土壤地球化学背景值

自2003年开始,历时15余年,在山东省开展了表层土壤地球化学调查,基本查明了全省土壤地球化学背景值。表层土壤样品采样密度为1点/km~2,4km~2组合成1件分析样品,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B等54项指标;统计并研究了这些指标土壤地球化学参数,确定了山东省土壤地球化学背景值,为山东省基础地质研究及地质找矿与区划等提供了基础数据。     

威海市土壤元素地球化学分布及其意义

在威海市开展了多目标区域地球化学调查,获取了表层土壤和深层土壤地球化学数据,通过对地球化学参数进行统计分析,确定了威海市土壤地球化学基准值和背景值,对比区内土壤地球化学基准值与背景值变化,认为区内大部分元素或指标在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质,后期人类活动对其影响较小,但C,Cd,Hg,N,P,Corg等元素或指标在表层土壤中已明显富集,表明表生作用和人类活动等因素已对这些元素或指标的含量变化与分布分配产生明显影响。该成果将为地方政府进行农业区划、环境保护和国土资源管理提供了基础地球化学资料和科学依据。     

山东省17市土壤地球化学基准值

自2003年开始,历时15余年,在山东省开展了深层土壤地球化学调查,深层土壤样品采样密度为1点/4km2,16 km2组合成1件分析样,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B等54项指标;在基本查明全省土壤地球化学基准值基础上,进一步以17市行政区为单元,统计并研究了其深层土壤地球化学参数,确定了山东省17市土壤地球化学基准值,为山东省17市基础地质研究及地质找矿与区划等提供了基础数据。     

山东省成武县土壤地球化学特征及土地质量现状

山东省成武县农业地质环境土壤地球化学调查是按浅层、深层土壤样品1点/4km2。测试N,P,K,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,Mn,F,As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cd等14种指标。在统计这些指标的表层、深层土壤地球化学特征参数的基础上,对其与世界、全省同类参数的差异进行了分析,并分析了区内表层、深层土壤元素含量的相关性,认为该区表层土壤元素含量的显著特征是高F,Hg,Pb而低Mo;大部分元素在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质的成分特征,但N,F,Hg,Pb等受人为活动和污染源的作用在表层土壤中明显富集。通过分析表层土壤营养元素有效量可知,P,K,Zn的有效量高;供肥能力强;而Mo,Cu,Mn明显偏低。利用易污染元素浅层土壤含量值,通过污染指数法,对全区土壤污染程度进行了评价;区内土壤无严重污染区存在,并且明显污染地段面积较小,呈零星分布,说明区内污染程度较轻。     

日照市土壤地球化学元素分布规律及成因探讨

在日照市开展多目标区域地球化学调查，获取了表层土壤和深层土壤地球化学数据，通过对获得的地球化学参数进行统计分析，确定了日照市土壤地球化学基准值和背景值，认为日照市除部分元素或指标外，大部分元素或指标土壤地球化学基准值和背景值与全省土壤地球化学基准值和背景值接近。研究发现，日照市As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Hg，Ni，Pb，Zn等8种重金属元素背景值含量低于国家土壤环境质量标准的土壤一级标准限值，日照市土壤质量基本保持自然背景水平；而受工业化生产和城市化建设等后期人为活动影响，日照市表层土壤中Cd，C，Hg，N，P，S，Se，Corg等元素或指标出现明显富集，应引起重视。     

昌乐县表层土壤元素地球化学组合特征研究

昌乐县土地质量地球化学调查与评价是按5件/km^2的密度布设表层土壤样品,并以“多点取样”的方式进行样品采集,采样深度为0~20cm。分析有机质、N,P,K,B,Mo,Mn,Se,I,Ge,F,Pb,Zn,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Co,V,pH和全盐量,共23项。该文统计了昌乐县表层土壤5818件样品的23种元素(指标)的数据,通过spss软件进行了聚类分析将23种元素(指标)划分为3个簇群和9个单元素簇,认为第一簇群主要受地质背景的影响;第二簇群主要受黏土矿物的影响;第三簇群主要与自然因素及人类农业生产活动有关。通过因子分析得出用10个因子就基本可以代表昌乐县原来23种元素(指标)的分布特征,并对F^1,F^2因子进行了解释,进一步证实了Ni,Co,Cr,V,Mn等亲铁元素与地质背景密切相关;有机质、N,Se则与自然因素及人类农业生产活动有关。首次摸清了昌乐县表层土壤元素组合分布特征,认为昌乐县表层土壤元素分布主要与地质背景、元素自身性质和人类农业生产活动有关。     

Comparative study on rain splash erosion of representative soils in China

As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and entrainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious soil and water loss; however, the characteristics of rain splash erosion in those regions are still unclear. The objectives of the study are to analyze the characteristics of splash erosion on loess soil, red soil, purple soil and black soil, and to discuss the relationship between splash erosion and soil properties. Soil samples spatially distributed in the abovementioned regions were collected and underwent simulated rainfalls at a high intensity of 1.2mm/min, lasting for 5, 10, 15, and 20min, respectively. Rain splash and soil crust development were analyzed. It shows that black soil sample from Heilongjiang Province corresponds to the minimum splash erosion amount because it has high aggregate content, aggregate stability and organic matter content. Loess soil sample from Inner Mongolia corresponds to the maximum splash erosion amount because it has high content of sand particles. Loess soil sample from Shanxi Province has relatively lower splash erosion amount because it has high silt particle content and low aggregate stability easily to be disrupted under rainfalls with high intensity. Although aggregate contents of red soil and purple soil samples from Hubei and Guangdong provinces are high, the stability is weak and prone to be disrupted, so the splash erosion amount is medium. Splash rate which fluctuates over time is observed because soil crust development follows a cycling processes of formation and disruption. In addition, there are two locations of soil crust development, one appears at the surface, and the other occurs at the subsurface.     

吉林市某冶炼厂土壤重金属污染风险评价

为了解研究区土壤重金属环境质量状况,对土壤进行样品采集和测试。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗（Nemerow）综合污染指数法,依据《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618--2008）第二级标准对土壤中Ni和Cd的污染状况进行环境风险评价。结果表明, Ni的污染范围主要在距中心点3000 m范围内,超标点共15个,大部分超标点为轻微污染或轻度污染。个别点存在重度污染和综合污染现象。此外,对土壤重金属超标点位的玉米作物进行测试分析,发现其Ni和Cd含量均不超标,说明土壤的污染程度对于当地的玉米作物没有影响。     

Micromorphological analysis of soil structure under no tillage management in the black soil zone of Northeast China

The structure of the ＂black soil＂ in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage （CT） practices. In this study, micro- morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years （1986-2007） of no tillage （NT） on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. Soil organic matter （SOM）, wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity （Ks） were also analyzed. Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems, but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT. The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs, and the mean weight diameter （MWD） of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer. Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice. The compound pore structure with intertwined intra- and inter- aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era. While under CT system, more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra- aggregate pores were observed, and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer, where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident. The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT, which showed the same trend with macroporosity. These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan. While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed, which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.     

Application of principal component analysis to evaluation of black soil degradation in Jilin

Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis shows that the soluble salt content,Fulvic acids(FA) and aggregation degree have a high weighing coefficient,indicating these three indexes are the major parts for the evaluation of black soil degradation.It also provides a new path to the degenerated black soil treatment in Northeast China.     

Application of principal component analysis to evaluation of black soil degradation in Jilin

Principal Component Analysis(PCA) can simplify the structure of database by replacing multi-dimensional parameters with relatively less comprehensive variables in order to ensure the minimum lost in initial data.In this paper,eighteen black soil samples from different sites were tested and thirteen distinctive indexes were chosen to evaluate the degeneration of black soil.By using principal component analysis,variables of thirteen dimensions can be diminished to six unrelated principal indexes.Analysis show...     

砷污染生态效应及水土体系中砷的治理对策研究

针对土壤砷污染严重的环境问题，通过分析砷的环境分布及砷化合物的主要环境性质，探讨了砷的土壤环境容量、土壤中的行为及砷对作物生态效应等问题，进一步研究了土壤砷的来源和存在形态、土壤中砷污染对农作物生长发育的影响及在作物体内的累积规律，提出了严禁随意排放、控制含砷农药使用量以及施加石灰固定土壤中砷的防治措施。     

Spatio-temporal Variability of Soil Water at Three Seasonal Floodplain Sites: A Case Study in Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The floodplain -egetation of the Tarim River in Northwest China is strongly influenced by irrigated agriculture. The abstrac- tion of river water disturbs; the natural dynamics of the floodplain ecosystem. The human impact on the hydrological system by bank dams and the irrigation of cotton plantings have caused adverse changes of the Tarim River and its floodplains, so the current stocks of the typical Tugai vegetation show significant signs of degradation. Field studies of soils and statistical analysis of soil moisture data have shown that the vitality of the Tugai vegetation is primarily determined by its position to the riverbank and the groundwater. There exist complex interactions between soil hydrological conditions and the vitality of the vegetation. But the availability of water is not only influenced by the groundwater level and seasonal flood events. The spatial distribution of stocks at different states of vitality seems also to be decisively influenced by physical soil properties. Our results show that the water supply of plant communities is strongly in- fluenced by the soil texture. Spatial differences of soil moisture and corresponding soil water tensions may be the decisive factors for the zonafion of vegetation. Physical soil properties control the water retention and rising of capillary water from deeper soil layers and the phreatic zone and may supply the root systems of the phreatophytic vegetation with water. Keywords： soil moisture;soil texture; soil water tensions; Tarim River; water retention     

Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration at temperate Leymus chinensis meadow steppes in western Songnen Plain,China

To evaluate the diurnal and seasonal variations in soil respiration(Rs) and understand the controlling factors, we measured carbon dioxide(CO2) fluxes and their environmental variables using a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system at a temperate Leymus chinensis meadow steppe in the western Songnen Plain of China in the growing season(May–October) in 2011 and 2012. The diurnal patterns of soil respiration could be expressed as single peak curves, reaching to the maximum at 11:00–15:00 and falling to the minimum at 21:00–23:00(or before dawn). The time-window between 7:00 and 9:00 could be used as the optimal measuring time to represent the daily mean soil CO2 efflux. In the growing season, the daily value of soil CO2 efflux was moderate in late spring(1.06–2.51 μmol/(m2·s) in May), increased sharply and presented a peak in summer(2.95–3.94 μmol/(m2·s) in July), and then decreased in autumn(0.74–0.97 μmol/(m2·s) in October). Soil temperature(Ts) exerted dominant control on the diurnal and seasonal variations of soil respiration. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration(Q10) exhibited a large seasonal variation, ranging from 1.35 to 3.32, and decreased with an increasing soil temperature. Rs gradually increased with increasing soil water content(Ws) and tended to decrease when Ws exceeded the optimum water content(27%) of Rs. The Ts and Ws had a confounding effect on Rs, and the two-variable equations could account for 72% of the variation in soil respiration(p 0.01).     

CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVATING PATTERNS ON PROPERTIES OF ALBIC SOIL IN SANJIANG PLAIN

1INTRODUCTION Albic soil is one of the main soils with low yield in the Sanjiang Plain, with an area of 200×103ha, accounting for 19% of the total area, among which 88.4×103ha is farmland, being 25.4% of the total area of farmland in this region. The albic soil occupies 44% of total area of farmland in the state-owned farms of Heilongjiang Province.Therearetworeasonsforthe lowyield ofalbic soil. Firstly, the upper layer of the soil is thin, only 10- 20cm for low yield field and 20- 25c…     

THE EFFECT OF LAND USE CHANGES ON SOIL CONDITIONS IN ARID REGION

Biography:CHEN Fu(1974－ ), male,a native of Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province, doctoral candidate.His research interests include land use management.1 INTRODUCTION Land use change may influence a variety of natural and ecological processes, including soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil erosion, land productivity (FU et al.， 1999), biodiversity, cycle of biographical geochemistry, and so on (VITOUSEK, 1994). So, it is very important that the studies of land use changes understand re…