海南东方西部海域沙波和沙脊分布特征

海南东方西南部海域海底发育大量沙波、沙脊,严重影响该海域海底工程安全。为探明该区域的海底地貌概况及微地貌特征,本论文通过侧扫声呐、浅地层剖面等方法进行了探测。探测结果表明：区域内沙波、沙脊十分发育;受沙波、沙脊等地貌单元的影响,该区域内水深多变化,地形条件复杂。根据沙波发育形态、规模等特征,共识别出沙脊、巨型沙波、大型沙波、中型沙波、小型沙波以及沙纹六个地貌类型。根据沙波沙脊发育特征及其空间组合关系推测,研究区内的沙脊发育于低海面时期的浅水高能环境,活动性较弱,沙波则主要形成于末次海侵以来高海面低能环境中,当前仍处于发育过程中。该研究结果可为区域内海底管线、桩基础等海洋工程设计、防护工作提供参考。     

南海北部的潮波传播与海底沙脊和沙波发育

阐述了太平洋潮波传入南海北部的途径与海底沙脊和沙波的区域分布 ;分析了各沙脊和沙波区的潮流动力环境和地貌沉积特征 ;讨论了海底沙脊和沙波发育演变问题。     

南海北部的潮波传播与海底沙脊和沙波发育

阐述了太平洋潮波传入南海北部的途径与海底沙脊和沙波的区域分布;分析了各沙脊和沙波区的潮流动力环境和地貌沉积特征。讨论了海义莎脊和沙波发育演变问题。     

基于近底原位观测的小尺度海底沙波地形小波分解

浅海海床发育着不同尺度的活动性砂体,在大型活动性砂体上常叠加发育着大量小尺度沙波(纹),分析这些小尺度沙波(纹)有助于揭示活动性砂体的成因机制。但它们的尺度较小,常规分析方法往往将其作为高频噪声滤除,难以对该尺度海底沙波(纹)进行分离量化研究。为了解决这个问题,本文设计并实现了一种基于小波分析的小尺度海底沙波地形分解方法,并以台湾浅滩典型区域的高精度近底原位观测数据为例,实现了小尺度海底沙波地形的分解和定量分析,分解出背景地形、小型沙波和沙波纹(波长小于0.6 m)3种地貌类型。本文提出的小尺度海底沙波地形分解量化方法,可广泛应用于浅海高活动性地貌发育演化和海底边界层沉积动力过程研究,对评估海洋工程的稳定性也具有一定的实用价值。     

东海扬子浅滩砂质底形研究

根据 198 0至 2 0 0 0年间数次专项调查获得的高分辨率地球物理、沉积学等资料 ,并结合水动力环境的分析 ,探讨了东海扬子浅滩砂质底形的成因、形态特征、活动性以及发育的地层年代。研究表明 ,扬子浅滩砂质海底广泛发育沙波地貌 ,按其发育规模可以分为沙波和大型波痕 2类 ,大型波痕按其形态又可分为直线形、弯曲形和格子形 3种。平坦宽阔的地形、丰富的中细砂物源以及较强的潮流和风暴浪流是沙波地貌发育的有利环境条件。柱状岩芯分析和年代测定表明 ,发育沙波地貌的物质的沉积始于冰消期晚期 ,即 10～ 11KaB .P ,全新世中、晚期该区继续接受砂质沉积。扬子浅滩发育的沙波地貌与现今的动力环境相适应 ,仍处于发育和运移状态。     

舟山群岛岱山后沙洋海底沙波微地貌

利用多波束测深系统和浅地层剖面系统,对舟山群岛岱山后沙洋进行高精度探测,结果表明:1区内微地貌形态具有明显的分带性,依次出现岸坡区、沙脊区、缓坡区、沟槽区和深水平坦区;2海底沙波主要集中在缓坡区、沙脊区南侧及东侧边缘、沟槽区北侧及沟槽内2个小沟槽交界处的迎水流斜坡上;3海底沙波多发育于水深10.0~21.1m之间,地形相对平缓,坡度0.09°~2.8°;4区内海底沙波可分为小型、中型和大型沙波;5区内海底沙波是潮流动力形成的现代强运动型沙波。     

荔湾3-1气田海底管道深水段地质灾害特征

基于船载多波束测深、浅地层剖面和深水浅层高分辨多道地震剖面等数据资料,以我国第一个深水气田—荔湾3-1气田海底管道路由区深水段(200m)为研究区,划分海底地形地貌分区,识别可能危害海底管道的地质灾害类型,分析其特征与分布规律。结果表明,研究区内主要地质灾害类型为海底峡谷、海底滑坡和滑塌、古珊瑚礁、海底沙波和大波痕、海底陡坎、断崖和陡坡、碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积等。其中,海底滑坡和滑塌在上陆坡和峡谷谷壁上十分发育,海底滑坡(滑塌)、古珊瑚礁和沙波(沙丘)等影响和威胁着海底管道的铺设与安全运行。     

台湾浅滩多尺度沙波地貌的地形傅里叶分解

海底沙波在全球广泛分布、成因复杂，但往往多种尺度的沙波叠加在一起形成复杂的沙波地貌体系，导致难以进行量化研究。针对该问题，本文提出一种实用的傅里叶分析方法，设计了巴特沃斯滤波器，将水深数据变换到频率域，进而将复杂沙波地貌分解成不同频率的单一类型沙波。并以台湾浅滩复杂的沙波地貌体系为例进行了分析研究，分解量化出3种空间尺度的沙波:巨型沙波(波长>100 m，波高>5 m)、中型沙波(波长5～100 m，波高0.4～5 m)和沙波纹(波长<5 m，波高<0.4 m)。本文提出的海底沙波地貌量化分析方法，有助于研究不同尺度海底沙波的成因与机理，对沙波区海洋工程的安全评估也具有实用价值。     

南海北部海底沙波地貌

南海北部水深８０－２５０ｍ的外大陆架和上大陆坡海底，有大片沙波地貌分布，它们主要是晚更新世末次冰期低海面时遗留下来的滨海沙波，沿岸沙后，沙堤和沙垄，属残留沙体地貌。它们明显沿着末次冰期时形成的最低海岸线两侧分布，但在现代海底底流作用下，其两翼及沙波谷部发育有次一级的小型沙波或沙纹，它们的形态细小，排列紧密，与残留沙体地貌组成复式海底沙波。这就是流动沙波，是不稳定的地质因素，对海底工程有一定危害，但     

南海北部海底沙波地貌动态研究

南海北部水深80～250m的外陆架和上陆坡海底,有大片沙波地貌分布,它们主要是晚更新世末次冰期低海面时遗留下来的滨海沙波、沿岸沙丘、沙堤和沙垄,属残留沙体地貌,它们的分布规律明显沿着末次冰期时形成的最低海岸线两侧分布,但在现代海底底流作用下,其两翼及沙波谷部发育有次一级的小型沙波或沙纹,它们的形态细小、排列紧密,与残留沙体地貌组成复式海底沙波。人们称这些沙体地貌为流动沙波,它们是不稳定的地质因素,对海底工程有一定危害。但根据外陆架实侧底流数据,运用计算机数学模型方法计算,表明在细砂和中细砂大面积覆盖区,其海底沙波每年均以0.168～0.534m的速度向深海方向迁移,其移动速度相当缓慢,对海底工程实施不会造成直接危害。     

南海北部海底沙波地貌

南海北部水深８０—２５０ｍ的外大陆架和上大陆坡海底，有大片沙波地貌分布，它们主要是晚更新世末次冰期低海面时遗留下来的滨海沙波、沿岸沙丘、沙堤和沙垄，属残留沙体地貌。它们明显沿着本次冰期时形成的最低海岸线两侧分布，但在现代海底底流作用下，其两翼及沙波谷部发育有次一级的小型沙波或沙纹，它们的形态细小、排列紧密，与残留沙体地貌组成复式海底沙波。这就是流动沙波，是不稳定的地质因素，对海底工程有一定危害，但根据外大陆架实测底流数据，运用计算机数学模型方法计算，表明在细沙和中细沙大面积覆盖区，海底沙波每年均以０．１６６—０．５３４ｍ的速度向深海方向迁移，移动速度相当缓慢，其对海底工程设施不会造成直接危害。     

台湾浅滩大型沙波、潮流结构和推移质输运特征

对2006年8月所获台湾浅滩的底质、水深、多层位流速、流向以及CTD观测数据进行了分析,探讨了台湾浅滩大型沙波区水流的时空分布特征、沉积物输运过程及影响因素,结果表明,台湾浅滩动力作用较强,底质为粗砂,其上发育的沙波波长为325~822 m,波高为14.4~20.3 m,较接近由前人总结的沙波波高、波长的关系式计算出的波高和波长。沙波波峰、波谷、迎水面和背水面流速以12.5 h为周期沿顺时针方向旋转;底部最大流速出现在半日潮周期的同一时段,对应的方向均为偏南方向,且沙波迎水面的流速大于背水面的。在两个半日潮过程中研究区域的沉积物输入量大于输出量,处于淤积状态。在潮流作用下沉积物输运量较少,沙波脊线移动较小,而台湾浅滩有较大规模的沙波运动,故认为改造沙波的主要作用力应该是风暴流。在观测的断面中涨潮推移质输运量大于落潮的,且第一个半日潮涨落潮的输运能力均较第二个半日潮的大,这可能与潮流的流速-时间不对称特征及潮能变化形式有关。     

The Bedload Movement in the Changjiang Estuary

- Sandwaves in the Changjiang estuary were measured with a shallow sediment profiler and an echosounder from 1978 to 1988. The data, together with grain size and bedform of sediment indicates that the bedload movement by rolling and saltation is of great significance to sediment transport and is the principal factor responsible for sandwave and sandbody development in the estuary. The sandwaves were found well-developed, which is related to the tidal range and the velocity of ebb current. However, the further growth is restricted by strong flood current prevailing in the estuary. Because of the significant bedload, the sandbodies shift obviously and frequently, and sometimes the exchange of position occurs between the sandbodies and tidal channels. As a result, ships are regularly forced to change their navigation course.     

长江河口底沙运动规律

于１９８１－１９８８年以浅地层剖面仪和回声测探仪取得沙波观测资料，运用这些资料以及河床表层沉积物和历年河口水文、地形资料，采用水文学、沉积学与泥水沙运动力学相结合的研究方法，分析长江河口底沙的运规律。结果表明：长江河口底沙运动非常频敏，一般有单颗粒滚动、跳跃，沙波及沙体推移等形式；在沙质床面上沙波发育良好，其形成、发展和消失和潮差落潮流速有一定的相关性，因受涨，落潮流改造，沙波难于得到充分发展；沙     

A sandwave field in the Outer Thames Estuary,Great Britain

A method of presentation, in which seabed profiles are scale-corrected and replotted in three-dimensional form, has been developed to aid the study of complex areas of the seabed. For sandwave research the continuity of crests can be studied, and the positional relationship of individual features compared. By plotting successive surveys of the same area, changes can be detected and significant movement measured.In the sandwave field at Long Sand Head, Thames Estuary, the sandwaves can be grouped in morphological zones, depending upon their amplitude, wavelength and cross-sectional asymmetry. Despite marked asymmetry, which suggests opposing directions of movement in different zones, little progressive movement occurs, but rather a “flexing” of sinuous crest lines results in displacement of up to 25 m in a year.The study has been supported by side-scan sonar surveys, which emphasize the complexity of the sandwaves within the field and the presence of less stable dune bed forms (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1966), which often lie at considerable angles to the major crests, suggesting a secondary flow regime.     

Sedimentary processes and sediment dispersal in the southern Strait of Georgia,BC, Canada

This paper presents a review of sediment dispersal processes in the Strait of Georgia, based on marine geological studies. Sediment from the Fraser River is dispersed around the Strait through a variety of transport pathways. Most sand and coarser silt fractions settle out and are deposited within a few 100 m of the channel mouths. Both channelled and non-channelled gravity flows probably transport sediment downslope and onto the basin floor. Asymmetric tidal currents force a predominantly northward sediment drift, resulting in a reworked slope off Roberts Bank and a finer-grained depositional slope off Sturgeon Bank. Far-field sediment accumulation is controlled by local morphology and sediment dynamics. Multibeam mapping and seismic profiling reveal that some parts of the basin floor are characterized by bottom sediment reworking and erosion. Given the complexities of sediment dispersal and seafloor reworking, generalizations about sediment dispersal paths and sedimentation rates are difficult. Future understanding will be advanced by the cabled observatory, VENUS, which will enable near real-time monitoring of key processes.     

Investigations of the bottom current sculpted margin of Hatton Bank, NE Atlantic

The northwest Hatton Bank margin is an ideal locality to demonstrate the interaction between bottom currents and slope configuration in controlling the distribution and morphology of bottom current deposits. The slope area investigated is isolated from any major terrigenous sediment supply and at present is influenced by the Deep Northern Boundary Current (DNBC). Swath bathymetry and high resolution acoustic data allow us to evaluate both local and regional controls on slope sedimentation and the possible mechanisms for bottom-current velocity variability across a slope setting within the NW European continental margin. The slope exhibits sculpting by bottom currents that flow in a predominantly southwest to northeast direction, and is only locally modified by slope failures. Positive relief features such as the Endymion Spur play an important role in constraining and accelerating bottom-current flow and, consequently, in redistributing sediment along the margin. We demonstrate that the size, morphology and distribution of bottom-current deposits along the slope vary as a function of the interaction between bottom currents, regional slope orientation and local seafloor topography.     

Sedimentation of terrigenous red soils in coastal area adjacent to an estuary and coral reefs,the Okkubi River estuary,Okinawa Island,Japan

Sedimentation process of fine-grained terrigenous red soils was observed on the seafloor by coral reefs near an estuary using a paired mooring of turbidity meter and sediment trap or a mooring of sediment trap and current meter. Silty clays contained in the bottom calcareous sands were mainly resuspended and trapped in both surface and bottom layer traps, at noncatastrophic normal sedimentation periods. In addition, silty clays were supplied to this mooring site by inflowing river. Turbidity and the flux rate determined by sediment traps show certain relationship accompanied with the coefficient, which is changed by precipitation, current, and other conditions. Resuspension process caused by a typhoon was recorded as both core sequence of sediment trap and time-series data of bottom current. Maximum velocity of 49.5 cm/s was recorded from bottom currents resulting from the passing of attyphoon at the mooring site. A graded sand layer is interbedded in dark-gray, silty clay and considered to be a resuspended sediment resulting from the passing of the typhoon. Flux of the resuspended sediments by the typhoon was estimated from this core sequence and compared to the flux observed at the normal sedimentation.     

珠江口盆地海底稳定性分析

本文根据大量野外调查资料,系统地整理了珠江口盆地各种海底不稳定的地质现象,通过分析和讨论,划分出海底比较不稳定区、稳定区、比较稳定区、不稳定区,并进行了工程地质评价,给海洋开发提供了依据。