海底管道整体式止屈器性能研究与穿越压力预测

整体式止屈器可有效抑制海底管道屈曲传播并避免管道的大规模屈曲失效。为探究整体式止屈器的止屈特性,预测其穿越压力,利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,分析了整体式止屈器厚度、长度、径厚比等参数对穿越压力和穿越形式的影响机制,揭示了整体式止屈器的止屈特性。研究结果表明:在平行穿越阶段,增加止屈器厚度、有效长度可明显提升穿越压力;而在垂直穿越阶段,穿越压力增长速率明显放缓。结合有限元模拟结果,拟合得到了整体式止屈器在不同穿越形式下的穿越压力预测公式,其相较于已有经验公式准确性更高,对整体式止屈器的设计和建造具有重要的指导意义。     

双整体式止屈器结构性能研究及优化设计

建立了双整体式止屈器结构的三维有限元模型,模拟其在外部静水压力作用下的屈曲穿越过程,总结不同穿越破坏模式的产生条件及机理。对影响穿越破坏压力的主要参数进行敏感性分析,结果表明止屈器布置间距、两个止屈器的几何尺寸均会对整体止屈性能产生影响。在拟合的双整体式止屈器效率公式的基础上,依据非线性有约束优化理论,分别采用经典算法和智能遗传算法确定模型最优解,提出了一种兼顾结构重量与止屈性能的最优双整体式止屈器结构型式;并经计算分析,验证了该方法的可靠性和适应性。     

海底管道止屈器形式与设计方法研究概述

海底管道的屈曲传播特性对于其整体安全性是极其不利的,一旦发生屈曲传播,会使整个海底管道结构发生失效破坏,为了解决屈曲传播问题同时兼顾经济性的考虑,可以在海底管道上安装止屈器。通过对国外已有止屈器资料的广泛深入调研,首先对止屈器的主要形式进行了总结和对比分析,然后对止屈器的设计方法和流程进行了简要总结。为我国深水海底管道铺设过程中止屈器的选择和设计提供有益的参考。     

深水海底管道屈曲传播试验设计

针对深水海底管道屈曲传播的研究需要,文中结合国外的相关研究成果,以天津大学现有深海压力舱试验装置为基础,并以DNV规范和ANSYS有限元数值模拟计算结果为依据,设计了深水海底管道屈曲传播试验方案.该试验方案选取径厚比在25～30范围内的小直径管件进行试验,为管道屈曲传播理论研究提供指导,并可作为深水管道止屈器试验设计的...     

Patran与Abaqus技术在海底管道屈曲分析中的应用研究

针对海底管道屈曲稳定性问题,应用Patran二次开发技术,提出海底管道屈曲分析的参数化自动建模方法,其中核心问题为在Patran中直接建立楔形体单元组成止屈器几何形状以及管道表面skin单元的创建等,生成Abaqus可识别的数据文件。通过算例分析,将计算结果与全尺寸试验和DNV-OS-F101规范进行对比,验证了方法的可靠性。     

不同径厚比的海底管道压溃屈曲研究

为了探索不同径厚比海底管道的压溃屈曲特性,本文分别采用挪威船级社（Det Norske Veritas,DNV）规范、有限元模拟和深海压力舱模型试验,研究不同径厚比海底管道承载外部水压的能力,并就DNV规范压溃屈曲计算公式对不同径厚比管道的适用性进行了讨论,优化了小径厚比海底管道压溃屈曲的设计方法。研究表明：小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力对管道径厚比的变化更敏感;DNV规范计算小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力偏小,在进行深海管道的压溃屈曲设计时,建议采用模型试验结合有限元模拟的方法,计算管道实际可提供的压溃屈曲承载力。     

带有柔性阻流器的海底管道冲刷防护试验研究

从管道尾流区泥沙颗粒的受力平衡着手,探讨了管道冲刷的临界压力差。在此基础上,提出了一种防止或减少管道冲刷的新方法,即在管道下方安装柔性阻流器。通过物理模型试验,研究了单向恒定流及规则波作用下,柔性阻流器对管道两侧床面压力、冲刷深度的影响。试验结果表明:柔性阻流器的安装能明显减小管道两侧床面的压力差。在单向恒定流作用下,管道的冲刷深度随阻流器长度的增加而减小;当阻流器达到临界长度时,冲刷消失。规则波时,因阻流器的扰动作用,冲刷深度有所增加;但随阻流器长度的增加,其扰动作用减小,对床面的防护作用增加,因而冲刷深度减小。     

基于惯性测量单元的海底管道铺设过程中形变监控系统研究

海底管道铺设过程中,在重力、托管架及张紧器的共同作用下,会形成上弯段与下弯段。管道上弯段的变形与应力主要由托管架控制,下弯段通过张紧器控制,使得管道的弯曲半径满足最小弯曲半径的要求。然而,当水深变化较大或水深较深时,管道下弯段的弯曲半径较难控制,目前,还没有很好的办法进行监控,以及时调整张紧器的张力,防止由于张紧器张力调节不及时造成的铺管过程中的管道屈曲。基于惯性测量单元,提出了适用于海底管道形变监控系统的设计思想,给出了样机的机械结构、单元选取、数据采集等模块的设计原理,并对样机进行了实验验证。     

刚性连接双层海底管道高温侧向屈曲分析方法研究

以惠州25-3/1双层海底管道为例,提出高温荷载下刚性连接双层海底管道的侧向屈曲分析方法,并研究该类管道的侧向屈曲特性.将解析分析与有限元技术相结合,在提出刚性连接双层海底管道屈曲分析方法的同时,发展了Hobbs公式的应用范围,使其成为屈曲分析有限元建模指导工具.以分析不稳定平衡问题的改进Riks方法被证明为高温海底管道屈曲分析的有效算法,得到的弧长-载荷比例因子曲线能够充分地描述双层管道的屈曲失稳过程.惠州管道的分析结果表明,刚性连接双层海底管道的整体热稳定性较高,在海床上一般不容易发生侧向屈曲,但热荷载作用下内管的后屈曲将有可能引发较高的应力集中,对此需要充分校核;另外环空间隙的减小有利于提高内管的临界屈曲载荷,从而提升管道的整体性能.     

考虑初始嵌入深度变异性的海底管道整体侧向屈曲分析

海底管道是海洋油气工程的重要组成部分,在高温高压运行状态下易发生整体屈曲,开裂破坏后造成油气泄露。海床土体对管道的侧向抗力是影响其屈曲的关键因素,而管道侧向抗力发挥与初始嵌入深度密切相关。构建了海底管道整体屈曲数值模型,对初始嵌入深度等因素进行不确定性分析,揭示了初始嵌入深度变异性对管道屈曲的影响机制。研究发现：当初始嵌入深度越大、初始缺陷越小时,管道临界屈曲轴力越大,屈曲位移越小;管道嵌入深度变异性的存在会导致管道更易屈曲,并诱发不对称的三阶屈曲或更高阶屈曲;管道嵌入深度在空间上的变异性对屈曲发生概率P（p＜pdet）存在影响,而相关性的改变对管道屈曲影响较小;管道存在屈曲模式转变界限升温,当屈曲升温大于界限升温时,管道发生跳跃型屈曲,反之则发生分岔型屈曲。     

The cross-over mechanisms of integral buckle arrestors for offshore pipelines

Local buckling of submarine pipelines is unavoidable under extreme conditions and it can propagate along the pipeline. Thus, arrestors are installed in a periodic placement along the pipeline to limit the extent of catastrophic collapse between two adjacent arrestors. Generally, the integral buckle arrestors are crossed by two modes: the flattening mode and the flipping mode. This paper focuses on the cross-over mechanisms of arrestors by analyzing results from experiments and numerical simulations. Fifteen groups of full-scale and reduced-scale physical experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of local ovality of the downstream pipes on the arrestor performance. Furthermore, an extensive parametric study of cross-over modes of arrestors is performed by FE models to supplement the experimental results. It is found that the local ovality of the downstream pipes impacts the cross-over modes of integral buckle arrestors, which is more likely to deform by ovalization in the same sense as the local ovality. On the other hand, a new formula involving the major geometric and material characteristics of pipes and arrestors is proposed to estimate the flattening mode and the flipping mode of arrestors when the downstream pipes are intact. And the switch point of the two cross-over modes is 0.265.     

On elastic-plastic collapse of subsea pipelines under external hydrostatic pressure and denting force

This paper presents analytical and numerical researches on the buckling or collapse of offshore pipelines under external hydrostatic pressure. Firstly the case of homogeneous ring model is investigated followed by a detailed study on corroded rings. The elastic-plastic collapse pressure could be treated as the least root of an elementary function. We prove that collapse pressure is a strictly increasing function of mode number in this paper and present some interesting structures of the roots. Partially corroded ring is parametrized by corrosion depth and angle extent. A comprehensive comparison shows that plasticity should not be neglected when the ring is thick-walled. Moreover, a study on large deflection deformation of 3D cylindrical shells quasi-statically dented under constant external pressure is carried out theoretically and numerically. The buckle propagation pressure is shown to be a meaningful value to normalize external pressure. This paper serves to enhance the understanding of destabilizing effect of external pressure mainly applicable and relevant to subsea offshore industry.     

Buckle propagation in pipelines with non-uniform thickness

Finite element solutions for the steady-state buckle propagation pressure in a pipeline with non-uniform thickness are given. The results are useful in finding buckle propagation pressures in corroded pipelines. It has been found that when corrosion is equal to or less than 10% of the original pipeline thickness, the pipeline collapses in an overall shell buckling mode; otherwise, the pipeline experiences local buckling. The propagation pressure decreases with both the thickness and angular extent of the reduced section, but the rate of decrease with thickness reduction is almost independent of the angular extent of corrosion when it is greater than 90°.     

海底管线水平向整体屈曲及失效判断方法研究

海底管线是海洋石油的重要输运手段。为满足输送工艺的需要,正常工作条件下管线往往被施加较高的温度和压强,高温高压使管线内产生附加应力,当附加应力大于土体对管线的约束力时,管线就会发生整体屈曲。过度的水平向整体屈曲会导致截面产生较大的弯曲应力和压缩应变,对管线系统的安全运行造成威胁,因此需要对发生水平向整体屈曲后的管线进行验算。采用解析解法、规范法和有限元法对管线的整体屈曲进行分析,提出了应用临界屈曲荷载值域空间和值域下限来判断不同缺陷大小下管线是否发生水平向整体屈曲的方法。结合工程实例,分别采用内力控制标准和位移控制标准对管线水平向整体屈曲后是否失效进行了验算。研究指出,相较于位移标准,内力控制标准更为严格。     

Local buckling strength of ring stiffened cylindrical shells under external pressure

The paper presents a non-linear buckling analysis of ring stiffened cylindrical shells subject to external pressure. The collapse pressure is calculated by assuming failure to occur when the material reaches a plastic stress state defined by the Ilyushin criterion. It is shown in the paper that use of the non-linear theory can reduce the estimated first yield by up to 25% in comparison to the linear buckling analysis used up to now. Comparison of predicted failure loads are in good agreement with the lower bound of test results.     

含腐蚀缺陷高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力预测方法

腐蚀是管道常见的缺陷形式之一,会极大降低管道的压溃压力,同时深海环境下高静水外压易引发管道压溃失效,威胁管道的安全运行,因此准确预测管道压溃压力显得尤为重要。采用数值模拟方法研究了含腐蚀缺陷的高强钢厚壁管道压溃失效模式,分析了管材、管道径厚比、腐蚀深度、长度和宽度等参数对高强钢厚壁管道压溃压力的影响规律。分析结果表明:管道径厚比愈大,对厚壁管道的承压能力提升愈显著;腐蚀缺陷的存在对管道压溃压力具有减小作用;随着管道材料等级的提升,压溃压力有明显提高。提出了相应的压溃压力预测公式,为厚壁管道完整性评价提供了参考依据。     

含初始缺陷海底管道侧向屈曲临界力的参数解

未埋设的海底管道在高温高压运行条件下可能发生侧向屈曲,情况严重时影响海底管道的结构安全。侧向屈曲临界力作为判定海底管道发生侧向屈曲的重要依据,主要影响因素有初始缺陷、管土相互作用等。现有关于侧向屈曲临界力的公式并未考虑管土相互作用、缺陷不平直度和管道自身材料特性对侧向屈曲临界力的综合影响。建立含有通用几何初始缺陷海底管道的数值模型,使用Riks算法进行参数分析以研究极限侧向土壤阻力、管道缺陷不平直度和截面几何尺寸对海底管道侧向屈曲的具体影响。基于量纲分析法和多元线性回归,推导出海底管道侧向屈曲临界力关于上述3个影响参数的一般公式,并对该公式进行了检验,结果表明文中推导的公式在参数涵盖的研究范围内有效。     

Small- and large-scale model tests on the buckling property of slender pile

Slender piles embedded in soft ground or liquefied soil may buckle under vertical load. In this paper, both small- and large-scale model tests are conducted to investigate the buckling mechanisms of a slender pile and the lateral earth pressure acting on the pile. To observe the buckling of a slender pile, the strain-controlled loading method is adopted to apply a vertical load. When the two ends of a slender pile are hinged, the buckling mechanisms of small- and large-scale model tests are same. It should be noted that this applies only to a system with a small ratio of pile bending stiffness to soil bending stiffness. An applied vertical load increases with an increasing pile head settlement until it reaches the critical buckling load. By further increasing the pile head settlement, the measured load approaches the critical buckling load. In the large-scale model test, the measured lateral earth pressure (i.e., active and passive) acting on the slender pile varies linearly with the lateral pile displacement when the measured range is 3–5?m beneath the ground. A critical buckling calculation method has been adopted to compare with the conventional “m” method. The two-sided earth pressure calculation method can achieve more approximate results with the model test.