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崩岗侵蚀地貌的演变过程及阶段划分 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
崩岗是中国南方一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,也是一种严重的水土流失方式,多分布于低山丘陵区的花岗岩风化壳之上.崩岗的形成和发展是2个不同的阶段,并始终受到水力和重力的作用.2种外力对比关系的不同使崩岗的演变过程具有明显的阶段性.通过选取适当的指标体现这种规律性,可以对崩岗的发展阶段进一步划分,对崩岗的治理控制具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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崩岗侵蚀地貌的演变过程及阶段划分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
崩岗是中国南方一种常见的土壤侵蚀类型,也是一种严重的水土流失方式,多分布于低山丘陵区的花岗岩风化壳之上.崩岗的形成和发展是2个不同的阶段,并始终受到水力和重力的作用.2种外力对比关系的不同使崩岗的演变过程具有明显的阶段性.通过选取适当的指标体现这种规律性,可以对崩岗的发展阶段进一步划分,对崩岗的治理控制具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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基于GIS和RUSLE的滇西北山区土壤侵蚀空间特征分析——以云南省丽江县为例 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
土壤侵蚀空间分布特征,是进行土壤侵蚀防治规划、实践的重要基础与依据。研究以云南省丽江县为例,应用RUSLE估算了县域土壤侵蚀量,并基于G IS的空间统计分析功能,分析了土壤侵蚀在海拔、坡度与土地利用类型等方面的空间分布特征。结果表明,全县平均土壤侵蚀模数为52.50 t/(hm2.a),属于强度侵蚀,县域东部的金沙江沿岸、3 500~6 000 m高程带、25°~90°坡度带,以及裸地与荒草地、旱地等不同类型区域是研究区土壤侵蚀治理的重点地区。 相似文献
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克拜东部黑土区侵蚀沟遥感分类与空间格局分析 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7
近百年来,东北黑土区侵蚀沟的大量发育带来了一系列严重的社会经济问题,弄清侵蚀沟的类型、数量及分布情况是进行水土流失治理和生态环境建设的前提条件。以黑龙江省克拜东部黑土区作为典型研究区,采用2005年SPOT-5高分辨率卫星影象,结合野外调查,根据侵蚀沟的活跃程度,将黑土区的侵蚀沟分为活跃性、半活跃性和稳定性三种类型,阐述了不同类型侵蚀沟的影象特征和遥感分类方法,为利用遥感手段在区域尺度上对侵蚀沟进行快速调查提供了一种新途径。在对侵蚀沟进行信息提取和空间插值后,形成研究区不同类型侵蚀沟密度图,探讨了克拜东部黑土区侵蚀沟分布的空间格局特征及其影响因素,认为地貌发育过程中的“分水岭迁移”现象是造成该地区侵蚀沟密度东西差异的重要原因。 相似文献
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中国花岗岩地貌的类型特征与演化 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
在中国南方亚热带季风气候条件下, 自中、上新世以来的夷平面及其深厚的花岗岩风化壳在后期不同程度构造抬升-下切过程中, 造成许多中国特有的花岗岩地貌类型, 如黄山和三清山等处的花岗岩峰林、石林、造型石、风动石等。本文讨论了中国花岗岩风化壳和地貌的时空演化规律, 提出地貌发育年代与中、上新世广布的夷平面的密切关系, 以及在不同抬升背景下, 花岗岩地貌与风化壳的关系。并可据此推算不同山地的抬升幅度, 沿海仅抬升约200m, 向内地逐渐增大, 到南岭或大别山、伏牛山则达到约1600~2000 m。 相似文献
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土壤侵蚀及其影响因素空间相关性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
土壤侵蚀是影响区域生态环境的重要因素,它受气候、地形地貌、土壤、植被和人类活动等因素的影响.为寻找流域上土壤侵蚀的主导影响因子,收集了黄河流域气候、地形、植被、土壤等数据,通过引入信息熵原理分析了各个影响因子与土壤侵蚀的空间相关性.结果表明,在黄河流域1:10万地图比例尺条件下.各因子对土壤侵蚀影响的大小排序为:①水蚀区,加权降雨量>地形起伏度>植被覆盖度>土壤类型>沟壑密度;②风蚀区.地形起伏度>风蚀气候因子>植被覆盖度>土壤类型>沟壑密度;③冻融区,沟壑密度>地形起伏度>气温变化率>植被覆盖度>土壤类型.该研究在定性变量和定量变量之间建立了定量的空间相关性分析,研究结果给出了影响黄河流域水力侵蚀、风力侵蚀、冻融侵蚀的主导性因子,可为流域土壤侵蚀过程研究和水土保持决策提供参考. 相似文献
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The hyper-arid Namib Desert is an ancient desert of great lithological diversity. Weathering plays a key role in landscape evolution in the Namib which, in spite of its aridity, has a number of sources of moisture – rainfall, fogs, dews and groundwater seepage – which enhance weathering. Among the weathering processes that have been the subject of recent study in the central Namib are salt, thermal and lichen weathering which, in often complex associations of processes, contribute to the array of small scale weathering features found on marble and granite outcrops here. At the landscape scale weathering in the central Namib is also highly interrelated with erosion and the development of geochemical sediments (calcrete, gypcrete, tufas etc), whilst weathering ‘hotspots’ are thought to be important sources of fine sediment production. Over the long term weathering has played important roles in landscape evolution here which, despite localized weathering hotspots, has been very slow for much of the Cenozoic. 相似文献
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Norikazu Matsuoka Cline E. Thomachot Chiaki T. Oguchi Tamao Hatta Masahiro Abe Hiroyuki Matsuzaki 《Geomorphology》2006,81(3-4):408-420
Rates and processes of rock weathering, soil formation, and mountain erosion during the Quaternary were evaluated in an inland Antarctic cold desert. The fieldwork involved investigations of weathering features and soil profiles for different stages after deglaciation. Laboratory analyses addressed chemistry of rock coatings and soils, as well as 10Be and 26Al exposure ages of the bedrock. Less resistant gneiss bedrock exposed over 1 Ma shows stone pavements underlain by in situ produced silty soils thinner than 40 cm and rich in sulfates, which reflect the active layer thickness, the absence of cryoturbation, and the predominance of salt weathering. During the same exposure period, more resistant granite bedrock has undergone long-lasting cavernous weathering that produces rootless mushroom-like boulders with a strongly Fe-oxidized coating. The red coating protects the upper surface from weathering while very slow microcracking progresses by the growth of sulfates. Geomorphological evidence and cosmogenic exposure ages combine to provide contrasting average erosion rates. No erosion during the Quaternary is suggested by a striated roche moutonnée exposed more than 2 Ma ago. Differential erosion between granite and gneiss suggests a significant lowering rate of desert pavements in excess of 10 m Ma− 1. The landscape has been (on the whole) stable, but the erosion rate varies spatially according to microclimate, geology, and surface composition. 相似文献
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Present granite landform characteristics and distribution are the integrated result of climate, tectonics and lithology. Various
types of granite landforms in China signify climate zonality and differential vertical movement of earth surface, while published
research results on Chinese granite landforms are very rare, especially in international journals. Based on the process analysis
of chemical weathering and physical disintegration, four granite landform regions in China are classified according to the
present climate regime. On the Tibetan Plateau, the cold and freezing climate induced periglacial landscapes; the northeast
region is characterized by physical disintegration and low round mounds are widespread; in the northwest region controlled
by arid climate, wind-carved minor landscapes are extremely prominent. The most spectacular granite landscapes in China are
presented in southeast as a result of longtime chemical weathering under humid and warm conditions, as well as the differential
uplift after Neogene. Correlating the weathering crust in southern China, Tibetan Plateau and India, a possible unified planation
surface in Neogene is proposed. With corestones as indicators of original weathering front, the differential uplift extent
of dissected planation surfaces can be estimated. At least three landforms implying uplift can be identified in southeastern
China, with elevations of 300–400 m, 2000 m and 3600 m above the sea level respectively. 相似文献
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Present granite landform characteristics and distribution are the integrated result of climate, tectonics and lithology. Various types of granite landforms in China signify climate zonality and differential vertical movement of earth surface, while published research results on Chinese granite landforms are very rare, especially in international journals. Based on the process analysis of chemical weathering and physical disintegration, four granite landform regions in China are classified according to the present climate regime. On the Tibetan Plateau, the cold and freezing climate induced periglacial landscapes; the northeast region is characterized by physical disintegration and low round mounds are widespread; in the northwest region controlled by arid climate, wind-carved minor landscapes are extremely prominent. The most spectacular granite landscapes in China are presented in southeast as a result of longtime chemical weathering under humid and warm conditions, as well as the differential uplift after Neogene. Correlating the weathering crust in southern China, Tibetan Plateau and India, a possible unified planation surface in Neogene is proposed. With corestones as indicators of original weathering front, the differential uplift extent of dissected planation surfaces can be estimated. At least three landforms implying uplift can be identified in southeastern China, with elevations of 300–400 m, 2000 m and 3600 m above the sea level respectively. 相似文献
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The Mylliem granite is one of many igneous bodies within the basement complex of the Meghalaya Plateau, northeast India. Although relatively small in size at c. 90 km2, it is very diverse geomorphologically and shows a range of distinctive landscapes within its limits. Relict flat watershed ridges and topographic basins characterize the northern and eastern part of the pluton, whereas to the southwest the relief becomes higher, with steeper hillslopes and deeply incised valleys. Deep weathering and thick saprolites are abundant, as are residual landforms resulting from stripping of the saprolite: domes, tors and boulders. The major reason behind the diversity of granite landscape of the Mylliem pluton is the progress of headward erosion, initiated at the Dauki fault in the south of the Meghalaya. Headward erosion enhances local relief and hence, weathering systems. Multi‐concave morphology is gradually transformed into multi‐convex one, which is hypothesized to be the specific mode of plateau evolution and scarp retreat in granite bedrock. 相似文献