云南鸡街超基性碱性岩锆石类型及其年龄值意义

对云南禄丰鸡街超基性碱性岩(霞辉岩)岩石化学、辉石成分、锆石成因类型及其年龄值的意义等进行研究,文章最后对复合型锆石成因进行了论述,并建议将岩浆复合型锆石中的老核称为残留锆石,变质复合型锆石中的老核称为继承锆石。     

不同成因锆石的微量元素特征研究进展

对近年来不同成因锆石(岩浆锆石、变质锆石和热液锆石)微量元素特征方面有关的研究进展进行了系统的总结和评述。锆石的微量元素特征能够反映主岩的成分演化,共生分离结晶相,混合以及熔融源区性质等诸多信息。对于岩浆锆石,其微量元素组成随岩浆分异演化系统地变化,从超镁铁质岩到花岗质岩,锆石微量元素含量总体上增长。幔源岩浆锆石微量元素含量低,稀土配分模式显示弱的Eu负异常或没有异常,重稀土部分相对平缓,而壳源岩浆锆石微量元素含量较幔源锆石高,稀土配分模式显示强烈的Ce正异常和Eu负异常。岩体中单一颗粒岩浆锆石和颗粒之间微量元素组成的变化也可以反映结晶出锆石的岩浆组成的演化。对于变质锆石,在进变质、退变质以及热峰条件等宽泛的温压条件下,通过原岩锆石的固态重结晶、溶解再结晶、含Zr矿物变质反应释放Zr进而成核结晶等机制形成,其内部生长结构复杂,微量元素特征可以反映生长机制、共生矿物和形成环境等信息。热液锆石形成有类似岩浆锆石的生长环带,流体包裹体、热液矿物包裹体的存在可以指示锆石确切的热液成因。热液锆石的微量元素组成能够反映不同的热液矿物组合以及流体组成的变化。     

青藏高原南部拉萨地块中新世超钾质岩石中的锆石记录

幔源岩浆上升的过程中捕获的锆石为揭示深部地壳"隐藏"的岩浆作用事件提供了宝贵机会。本文对采自南部拉萨地块学那地区的超钾质脉岩中的锆石进行了U-Pb年代学、微量元素和Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,学那超钾质岩石中的锆石主要展示出4个主要的年龄峰值,分别是:<100Ma、300~400Ma、450~500Ma以及700~850Ma。这些锆石高U/Yb比值、低Y含量的特征暗示起源于大陆地壳。而新生代-中生代(<100Ma)和晚古生代(300~400Ma)的岩浆活动在南部拉萨地块上广泛发育,这表明南部拉萨地块新生地壳物质对学那超钾质岩浆活动的贡献。但是超钾质脉岩中早古生代和元古代(450~500Ma和 700~850Ma)锆石捕掳晶的存在则证实印度大陆地壳物质的加入。此外,从大约55Ma左右开始,锆石颗粒的(Dy/Yb)_N比值开始逐渐增高,ε_Hf(t)值则从+10~+5迅速下降至-10~-25。考虑到南部拉萨地块新生地壳的同位素组成特征,超钾质脉岩中的这些锆石颗粒可能记录了印度-亚洲陆陆汇聚过程中地壳的显著加厚以及俯冲的印度大陆地壳物质对南部拉萨地块后碰撞岩浆作用的贡献。     

不同成因锆石的微量元素特征研究进展

对近年来不同成因锆石(岩浆锆石、变质锆石和热液锆石)微量元素特征方面有关的研究进展进行了系统的总结和评述.锆石的微量元素特征能够反映主岩的成分演化,共生分离结晶相,混合以及熔融源区性质等诸多信息.对于岩浆锆石,其微量元素组成随岩浆分异演化系统地变化,从超镁铁质岩到花岗质岩,锆石微量元素含量总体上增长.幔源岩浆锆石微量元素含量低,稀土配分模式显示弱的Eu负异常或没有异常,重稀土部分相对平缓,而壳源岩浆锆石微量元素含量较幔源锆石高,稀土配分模式显示强烈的Ce正异常和Eu负异常.岩体中单一颗粒岩浆锆石和颗粒之间微量元素组成的变化也可以反映结晶出锆石的岩浆组成的演化.对于变质锆石,在进变质、退变质以及热峰条件等宽泛的温压条件下,通过原岩锆石的固态重结晶、溶解再结晶、含Zr矿物变质反应释放Zr进而成核结晶等机制形成,其内部生长结构复杂,微量元素特征可以反映生长机制、共生矿物和形成环境等信息.热液锆石形成有类似岩浆锆石的生长环带,流体包裹体、热液矿物包裹体的存在可以指示锆石确切的热液成因.热液锆石的微量元素组成能够反映不同的热液矿物组合以及流体组成的变化.     

冀北张宣高变质花岗岩-绿岩带花岗岩类岩石学、地球化学及锆石铀-铅地质年代学

张宣高变质花岗岩－绿岩带内早期花岗质侵入体是以英云间长岩和花岗间长岩为主体的ＴＴＧ岩系，经历了麻粒岩相高级变质作用的改造，已变质成以含紫苏辉石为特征的片麻岩类岩石。麻粒岩相峰期变质作用的时代为２３９０±１９Ｍａ。紫苏花岗岩属典型岩浆成因侵入岩，其侵位成岩时代为２３９０±２４Ｍａ，是区域麻粒岩相峰期变质作用期间长英质熔浆直接结晶的产物。钾质花岗岩类具多种不同的岩石类型，为一系列小规模的富钾质花岗岩侵入体，是与紫苏花岗岩同一构造岩浆活动事件的产物。麻粒岩相峰期变质作用、岩浆活动时代的一致性，表明了本区太古宙末－古元古代早期，由于大规模构造运动，麻粒岩相变质作用由峰期变质条件向相对低温低压条件演化、花岗岩－绿岩带基底岩石由地壳深部向地壳浅部抬升、并同时伴随紫苏花岗岩及钾质花岗岩等大规模岩浆侵入活动的区域地壳演化规律。     

富钾贫钙岩浆的成因探讨——来自岩石失水熔融实验分析

钾质-超钾质岩浆按CaO与MgO的含量和CaO与Mg#值的关系可划分出贫钙和富钙两种不同类型的原生岩浆.针对贫钙钾质-超钾质岩浆的成因问题,作者系统分析了岩石脱水熔融和失水熔融两种体系中岩石的熔融过程和熔体性质,通过对熔体组成与贫钙钾质岩浆成分的对比分析,提出富钾贫钙岩浆的断裂减压脱水熔融机制.     

青藏高原拉萨地块西部雄巴盆地后碰撞钾质-超钾质火山岩年代学与地球化学

青藏高原拉萨地块后碰撞钾质和超钾质岩浆活动广泛分布且已有不少研究成果,但是它们的年龄主要是17~8Ma,而对于拉萨地块西部雄巴地区时代为24~23Ma的岩浆作用则研究较少。本文对雄巴盆地新识别出的三种类型火山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究表明,它们分别是超钾质安粗岩(23.9±0.6Ma)、粗面英安岩(23.3±0.4Ma)和钾质流纹岩(24.1±0.3Ma),这三种岩石近于同时产出。三类岩石的源区明显不同,其中钾质流纹岩是中、上地壳部分熔融产物;具有埃达克质特征的钾质粗面英安岩可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融;而超钾质安粗岩可能富集地幔部分熔融的产物。雄巴三种火山岩均含数量不等的继承锆石,钾质流纹岩具有~150Ma、~90Ma和~50Ma的继承锆石年龄群;钾质粗面英安岩突出显示了~90Ma左右岩浆活动记录和两个新元古代继承锆石年龄;幔源超钾质安粗岩的继承锆石则绝大多数继承锆石为晚白垩纪以来的岩浆活动记录,突出显示110~80Ma和62~30Ma两个峰值。     

冀北太古代花岗质片麻岩的成因

冀北是华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质基底的主要出露地区之一。分布于承德-滦平和赤城-张家口地区的新太古代花岗质片麻岩主要由英云闪长岩、奥长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩(TTGM)组成,构成了低钾、中钾和高钾钙碱性三个岩石化学系列。二长花岗质片麻岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素特征揭示其岩浆结晶年龄为2509±10Ma。全岩岩石化学、Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究表明:(1)低钾钙碱性系列的岩石形成于拉班玄武质岩石的低度部分熔融;(2)中钾钙碱性系列岩石主要形成于玄武质岩石和杂砂岩的部分熔融,局部存在英云闪长质片麻岩的部分熔融;(3)高钾钙碱性系列的岩石形成于以高钾中酸性火山岩为主要成分的杂砂岩的部分熔融。结合近年来冀北早前寒武纪地质研究成果,这些太古代花岗质片麻岩全岩Sm-Nd同位素和锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征揭示~2.7Ga是本区太古代地壳的主要生长期。在新太古代发生了大规模的火山喷发,火山物质形成后不久发生部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆,接着发生变质、变形作用。这些花岗质片麻岩的形成与南美洲西海岸的构造-岩浆活动特征有类似之处,可能反映了太古代末期冀北地区从活动大陆边缘地壳增生、加厚到弧后伸展转化的动力学背景。     

铜陵地区铜官山矿田侵入岩锆石SHRIMP定年

铜陵铜官山矿田的中酸性侵入岩属高钾钙碱性系列,主要岩石类型为石英二长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。本文对该矿田内的铜官山岩体和天鹅抱蛋岩体进行了锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb定年。结果表明,铜官山和天鹅抱蛋石英二长闪长岩的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄几乎相同,分别为141.8±1.0Ma和141.3±1.3Ma,反映它们是同一次岩浆侵入作用的产物。结合锆石CL分析得出,两岩体中均含有新太古代、古元古代和新元古代岩浆型的继承性锆石核,说明本区岩浆的源岩含有古老的下地壳成分,锆石微量及稀土元素特征也表明其为陆壳而非洋壳成因,结合同位素和包体特征,得出岩浆来自富集地幔并含有古老地壳成分。     

吉林敦化塔东铁矿床赋矿岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

塔东铁矿体主要呈层状、似层状或透镜状赋存于塔东群拉拉沟组,矿石类型以磁铁角闪岩为主,具典型条带状构造。通过对拉拉沟组赋矿岩石-黑云钾长片麻岩进行岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,确定该矿床的形成时代、构造背景以及成因类型。显微岩相学及全岩主微量元素研究结果表明,黑云钾长片麻岩的原岩为流纹质-英安质火山凝灰岩,形成于板块俯冲背景下的大洋岛弧构造环境。黑云钾长片麻岩的锆石CL图像和U-Pb定年结果显示,19个岩浆锆石测点加权平均年龄为(725.6±7.4) Ma,代表其原岩形成时限,间接指示了塔东铁矿赋矿地层的沉积时代为新元古代中期。通过与邻区铁矿的对比研究表明,塔东铁矿的成矿时代较晚、矿石类型特殊,与典型BIF铁矿相差较大。综上所述,塔东铁矿矿床成因类型应为火山沉积变质型。     

The dark side of zircon: textural,age, oxygen isotopic and trace element evidence of fluid saturation in the subvolcanic reservoir of the Island Park-Mount Jackson Rhyolite,Yellowstone (USA)

The Island Park-Mount Jackson series in the Yellowstone volcanic field, Wyoming (USA), is a suite of rhyolitic domes and lavas that erupted between the caldera-forming eruptions of the Mesa Fall Tuff (1.3 Ma) and the Lava Creek Tuff (0.6 Ma). Combined zircon U/Pb geochronology, Raman spectroscopy, oxygen isotopic and trace elemental compositions document storage conditions of these magmas between consecutive supereruptions. Based on comparison with co-erupted melt compositions and textural criteria, four zircon compositional groups are identified that record different stages along a continuous magmatic evolution from trace element-poor rhyolite at high temperatures to extremely fractionated rhyolite where zircon trace elements are highly enriched (e.g., >?1000 ppm U). These latter zircon domains are dark in cathodoluminescence images and show broadened Raman peaks relative to near-endmember zircon, indicating that substitution of non-stoichiometric trace elements into zircon leads to distortion of the crystal lattice. Some of these zircon domains contain inclusions of U-Th-REE-phases, likely originating from coupled dissolution–reprecipitation of metastable trace element-rich zircon in the presence of a fluid phase. Rhyolite-MELTS simulations indicate that at the conditions required to produce the observed enrichment in trace elements, a fluid phase is likely present. These findings illustrate that zircons can be assembled from a variety of co-existing magmatic environments in the same magma reservoir, including near-solidus volatile-rich melts close to the magmatic–hydrothermal transition.     

辽西医巫闾山地区晚侏罗世花岗岩脉中热液锆石的成因与定年

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩经历过两阶段演化,晚侏罗世发育了围绕核部医巫闾山岩体周缘展布的长环形韧性剪切带(称为医巫闾山剪切带),早白垩世西侧叠加了北北东走向瓦子峪伸展韧性剪切带.在医巫间山剪切带及其变形下盘中侵入了大量的晚侏罗世花岗岩脉,其所含的锆石包括古老继承锆石、新生岩浆锆石、热液锆石等多种类型.根据锆石阴极发光图像、...     

Contrasting geochemistry of magmatic and secondary zircons

The intensity of the redistribution of trace elements in zircons significantly varies depending on the types of secondary processes affecting the magmatic rocks. The Neoarchean alkaline granites of the Keivy structure in the Kola Peninsula are employed as an illustrative example of differences in the variation dynamics of the proportions of certain elements (REE, Th, U, Hf, and others) with the transition from the magmatic to metamorphic crystallization of zircons during Proterozoic amphibolite-facies metamorphism over-printed onto the rocks. Changes are detected in the proportions of LREE and HREE, in the Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ and Th/U ratios, and in other incompatible elements. The data obtained by geochemically comparing the redistribution of certain elements and their pairs in zircons during amphibolite-facies metamorphism and Phanerozoic hydrothermal alteration (literature data) are used to gain insight into the genesis of detrital Hadean zircons. Certain similarities and remarkable differences are detected in the effects of Hadean processes and Phanerozoic-Precambrian magmatism and secondary recrystallization on the behavior of chemical elements.     

A new method integrating high-precision U-Pb geochronology with zircon trace element analysis (U-Pb TIMS-TEA)

Increased precision in isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U-Pb geochronology has revealed age complexities in zircon populations that require new tools for understanding how the growth of zircon is related to geologic processes. U and Pb are routinely separated from other elements in dated minerals by ion exchange separation prior to TIMS isotope measurement. We develop a method in which trace elements in the exact same volume of zircon are redissolved and analyzed using solution nebulization inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry with matrix-matched external liquid calibration. Using <0.5 ml solution, resulting concentrations are between <1 ppt for elements such as Ti, Nb and Ta and tens of ppb for Zr. By analyzing a series of standard solutions, zircons and procedural blanks, we show that accurate measurements are performed on Zr, Hf, Y, Sc, and the HREE while low-concentration elements can be measured accurately to <5 ppt. We performed combined U-Pb ID-TIMS geochronology with trace element analysis (here called U-Pb TIMS-TEA) on zircons from eight volcanic rocks comprising several volcanic systems and one metamorphic sample. Similar to previous in situ trace element analyses, zircon geochemistry is distinct between different samples and records petrogenetic processes such as fractional crystallization, assimilation and/or magma mixing. Unique from in situ analysis, U-Pb TIMS-TEA can trace geochemical evolution in accessory minerals with adequate age precision to resolve magmatic processes in rocks at least 200 million years old. This provides a means to identify auto-, ante- and xenocrystic zircon and lead to more robust age interpretations in ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology. One suite of Cretaceous andesitic zircons shows correlations in geochemistry and absolute time that record evolution of a magmatic system over ∼250 ka prior to eruption. Future work will combine U-Pb TIMS-TEA with solution isotopic analysis of Nd, Sr and Hf and will be applied to a host of datable minerals such as monazite, sphene, apatite, rutile, xenotime, and baddeleyite. These combined tools will provide access to an improved understanding of a wide range of igneous and metamorphic processes as a function of time.     

腾冲地体坡仑山岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学组成

滇西特提斯构造域广泛发育中-新生代岩浆作用,是长期复杂的造山作用的结果。出露于腾冲地块的坡仑山花岗岩 体锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征显示,坡仑山岩体主要岩石类型为斑状花岗闪长岩,以全碱含量高为特征,属于高钾钙碱 性系列,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti和P）。锆石U-Pb定年结果指示岩体的侵位时代为66~63 Ma, 是新特提斯洋汇聚过程的产物。部分锆石颗粒或晶区具有高的U和Th含量特征,其U-Pb年龄集中在35~30 Ma,明显年轻 于岩体侵位时代,而与高黎贡山变质带变质-变形时代吻合,可能反映高U-Th锆石同位素体系遭受热事件重置。全岩 Sr-Nd同位素组成显示富集特征,初始87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.7158和0.7164之间,初始εNd值为-14.5至-15.3,对应Nd模式年龄 值为2.04~2.10 Ga,推测岩浆源区可能以古元古代地壳物质为主。     

Trace elements in zircon and coexisting minerals from low-T/UHP metagranite in the Dabie orogen: Implications for action of supercritical fluid during continental subduction-zone metamorphism

Simultaneously in-situ analyses of U–Pb isotopes and trace elements were carried out for zircons, in combination with the in-situ analyses of trace elements in coexisting minerals, from low-T/UHP metagranite in the Dabie orogen. The results provide geochemical evidence for the existence of supercritical fluid during continental subduction-zone metamorphism. The zircons are categorized into three types based on their patterns of REE distribution. Type I zircons show increasing enrichment from La to Lu, with prominent positive Ce anomalies and negative Eu anomalies, which are typical of magmatic zircon. Some of them display regular or blurred oscillatory-zoned texture and apparent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 341 to 780 Ma, suggesting metamorphic modification by solid-state recrystallization with no significant involvement of metamorphic fluid. Type II zircons share similar Th, U and HFSE contents and REE patterns to Type I zircons. However, they exhibit blurred oscillatory-zoned texture or are unzoned, have apparent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 348 to 709 Ma, and are LREE-enriched relative to Type I zircons. This suggests that they underwent metamorphic reworking by replacement recrystallization in the presence of metamorphic fluid. The LREE enrichment is due to the presence of microscale LREE-bearing mineral inclusions (such as apatite, monazite or epidote) in the zircons. Type III zircons, representing the majority of the present analyses, are characterized by spongy texture and consistent enrichment of LREE, HREE, Th, U and HFSE relative to Type I zircons. They yield nearly concordant U–Pb ages close to the discordia lower-intercept. The consistent enrichment of trace elements relative to the magmatic zircon indicates involvement of a special UHP metamorphic fluid that has a strong capacity to extract significant amounts of LREE, HREE, Th, U and HFSE from such accessory minerals as allanite, garnet, rutile and zircon. Because these minerals are stable in the field of hydrous melt in granite–water systems, they are not able to be decomposed during the exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. Thus, a supercritical fluid is suggested to transport the LREE, HREE, Th, U and HFSE in the accessory minerals to recrystallized zircons. The mechanism of dissolution recrystallization is responsible for the spongy texture and the very high concentration of trace elements in this type of metamorphic zircons. Therefore, the action of supercritical fluid is evident under the low-T/UHP metamorphic conditions.     

桂东北里松花岗岩中暗色包体的岩浆混合成因

在桂东北姑婆山地区的里松花岗岩中,暗色包体广泛分布,包体的形貌、结构构造和矿物学特征表明,它们是岩浆快速冷凝结晶产物;主元素和微量元素组成说明它们属钾玄岩系列,其源岩具OIB型微量元素特征;包体与寄主花岗岩中锆石U-Pb年龄的相同性,排除了来源于深部固体岩石熔融残留体或浅部围岩捕虏体的可能性,而两种岩石化学成分、岩石结构暗色包体和寄主花岗岩在岩石结构和全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成方面的明显差别性,又排除了同源包体或析离体、堆积体的可能性。里松花岗岩在很多地质-地球化学特征上都介于里松暗色包体和姑婆山主体花岗岩之间,里松暗色包体的总体特征显示了岩浆混合成因,是里松暗色包体岩浆与姑婆山主体花岗岩岩浆发生混合时不完全混合的残留物。     

吉林南部新太古代末地壳深熔作用——来自变质石英闪长岩及淡色花岗岩的证据

深熔作用是大陆地壳分异、元素迁移富集和混合岩化作用的主要机制和关键地质过程.吉南地区出露的太古宙基底普遍经历了角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变质及深熔作用,长英质淡色体及淡色花岗岩广泛分布.吉南和龙花岗-绿岩地体出露的太古宙变质石英闪长岩及相关的长英质浅色体和含斜方辉石(角闪石)淡色伟晶花岗岩的野外地质特征、相互关系及岩相学特征指...     

Host rock compositional controls on zircon trace element signatures in metabasites from the Austroalpine basement

Zircon populations of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic age occur in metabasites of a high-pressure amphibolite-facies unit of the Austroalpine basement south of the Tauern Window. The host rocks for these zircons are eclogitic amphibolites of N-MORB-type character, hornblende gneisses with volcanic-arc basalt signature, and alkaline within-plate-basalt amphibolites. Bulk rock magmatic trace element patterns were preserved during amphibolite-facies high-pressure and subsequent high-temperature events, as well as a greenschist-facies overprint. Positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies and enrichment of HREE in normalized zircon REE patterns, as analysed by LA-ICP-MS, are typical for an igneous origin of these zircon suites. Zircon Y is well correlated to HREE, Ce, Th, U, Nb, and Ta and allows discrimination of compositional fields for each host rock type. Low Th/U ratios are correlated to low Y and HREE abundances in zircon from low bulk Th/U host rocks. This is likely a primary igneous characteristic that cannot be attributed to metamorphic recrystallization. Variations of zircon/host rock element ratios confirm that ionic radii and charges control abundances of many trace elements in zircon. The trace element ratios—presented as mineral/melt distribution coefficients—indicate a selectively inhibited substitution of Zr and Si by HREE and Y in zircon which crystallized from a N-MORB melt. Correlated host rock and zircon trace element concentrations indicate that the metabasite zircons are not xenocrysts but crystallized from mafic melts, represented by the actual host rocks.     

不同成因锆石阴极发光及微量元素特征:以新疆阿尔泰地区花岗岩和伟晶岩为例

新疆阿勒泰可可托海地区出露大量花岗岩和伟晶岩脉,利用阴极发光显微照相(CL)、电子探针背散射(BSE)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱技术(LA-ICP-MS),观察和分析岩石中锆石的内部结构、稀土元素及Th,U含量后结果表明:该区花岗岩锆石具振荡环带和强烈的阴极发光特征,Th/U比值较高(Th/U=0.16～0.99),轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集,具较大的Ce正异常,为典型岩浆成因锆石。伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石为热液锆石,不具振荡环带和阴极发光,具低的Th/U比值(0.01～0.13),强烈富集稀土元素,尤其是轻稀土元素较花岗岩锆石高一个数量级,Ce的正异常相对较低。伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)锆石为变质重结晶锆石,Th/U比值分布范围较广(0.01～0.78),强烈亏损稀土元素,稀土元素配分模式存在显著的"REE四分组效应"。微量元素特征表明,伟晶岩(KP-08-11)锆石可能结晶自富U贫Th的残余岩浆流体,而伟晶岩(KP3-08-1)的锆石经历了蜕晶质化和变质重结晶作用,但依然保持了共存伟晶岩熔体的微量元素特征。