锆石中放射成因铅的丢失及对锆石测年的影响

用锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素体系测定锆石的生成年龄是目前应用最广泛的地质测年法之一。这些年龄的解释一直被锆石中放射成因铅的部分丢失所困扰。一般来说Ｐｂ通过蜕晶质锆石中的扩散,晶质锆石中的扩散,蜕晶质中的淋滤和蜕晶质的重结晶四个途径丢失。笔者认为,这四种丢失方式受温度的影响。温度低于６００－６５０℃时,锆石晶体发生蜕晶质化,在蜕晶质化的锆石中Ｐｂ容易扩散或淋滤丢失,如果岩石的温度一直保持在这个温度之上,锆石     

变质岩中锆石U—Pb计时问题评述——兼论大别造山带锆石定年

锆石是U－Pb计时的首选对象，对于地质历史复杂的变质岩地区，如大别碰撞造山带的年代学研究，具有不可替代的重要性。变质岩中锆石经历了Pb的扩散丢失作用；晶格损伤导致的蜕晶化作用；增生－混合作用和重结晶作用。这些过程对锆石计时的准确性和有效性带来不同程度的影响。为了使测定的年龄有确定的地质意义，在进行锆石U－Pb定年前，必需对锆石进行成因矿物学和矿物内部结构研究，特别是阴极荧光和背散射电子成像研究，通过内部结构特征确定锆石成因过程。在化学U－Pb法定年时注意普通铅校正和^204Pb测定值对年龄的影响，尽量选择单一成因锆石。特别强调在大别造山带年代学中引入锆石微区离子探针定年技术。     

新疆霍什布拉克地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄

对塔木、霍什布拉克两个碱长花岗岩地质、地球化学特点,锆石的特征进行了详细的研究和单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定.塔木放射成因铅丢失最少的2个数据点锆石的206Pb/238表面年龄统计权重平均值为(229.2±25)Ma,6个锆石颗粒组成的不一致线上交点年龄为(235±29)Ma.霍什布拉克放射成因铅丢失最少的1号数据点的206Pb/238U表面年龄为(2615±2.7)Ma,6个锆石颗粒构成的不一致线上交点年龄为(267±51)Ma.综合各方面因素认为这两个岩体侵位时代为晚二叠世(海西晚期).     

锆石成因矿物学与锆石微区定年综述

锆石是岩浆岩、变质岩和石英脉型金矿床中的一种常见副矿物,对锆石成因类型的准确判断是正确理解锆石U-Pb年龄意义的关键.本文中笔者对不同成因类型锆石的判别标志及年龄意义进行系统的总结,并认为将锆石的阴极发光图像(CL)、背散射电子图像(BSE)、痕量元素组成及矿物包裹体特征的研究相结合是进行锆石成因鉴定的有效方法.近年来同位素质谱技术的发展使得人们对同一锆石颗粒内部不同成因类型的锆石晶域进行原位年龄测定成为可能.通过微区原位定年技术,能够给出有关寄主岩石的地质演化历史等重要信息,这可以为地质过程的精细年代学格架的建立提供有效的证据.来自不同类型岩石中的锆石可能经历了Pb的扩散丢失作用、晶格损伤导致的蜕晶化作用以及变质重结晶作用.这些过程对锆石计时的准确性和有效性带来了不同程度的影响.为了对测定锆石年龄的地质意义进行合理解释,在进行锆石U-Pb定年前,必需对锆石进行成因矿物学和矿物内部结构的深入研究,特别是阴极发光和背散射电子成像研究,通过内部结构特征确定锆石的成因类型和形成环境.笔者认为,组成单一的岩浆锆石是理想的U-Pb定年对象,变质重结晶锆石域常是重结晶锆石和继承晶质锆石的混合区,容易给出混合年龄,只有变质增生锆石和完全变质重结晶锆石才能给出准确的变质时代,而从继承锆石中鉴别出的热液锆石可以获得可靠的流体活动时间.     

激光拉曼、阴极荧光研究对蜕晶化锆石及其U-Pb年龄解释的指示意义

通过对3个不同程度蜕晶化锆石样品的激光拉曼光谱,阴极荧光图像（CL）和U-Pb年龄特征进行对比分析,笔者发现锆石CL图像和激光拉曼光谱测试对蜕晶化锆石及其U—Pb年龄解释有很好的指示作用,因此强调加强矿物内部结构的研究,建议锆石激光拉曼测试、阴极荧光观察及锆石U—Pb同位素测试相结合分析锆石U—Pb年龄数据。     

锆石的结构与化学稳定性 :核废料处置矿物类比物研究

锆石可作为核废料处置矿物类比物的重要矿物 ,近年来对此开展了大量的研究。在综合前人研究成果的基础上 ,文中对天然锆石遭受放射性照射所导致的晶格破坏、蜕晶质化以及锆石在各种热液条件下的稳定性、表面反应特性等几个方面进行了总结研究 ,特别是对各种热液条件下锆石的溶解动力学及元素传质进行全面讨论 ,进一步阐明了锆石作为核废料处置矿物类比物的优越性 ,指出今后一方面应着重对锆石的放射性破坏机制及蜕晶质化过程中的元素扩散、迁移和聚集进行系统的研究 ,另一方面着重研究不同变质程度锆石的淋滤机制和不同条件下淋滤溶液 (不同 pH值、无机溶液组分、有机溶液等 )对锆石中各种元素的影响。     

陕西宽坪岩群变基性熔岩锆石U-Pb年龄

宽坪岩群广东坪岩组绿片岩岩石学、岩石化学、稀土、微量元素、副矿物等研究表明其原岩为基性火山岩。对商州市板桥地区基性熔岩变质而成的绿片岩区域地质、地球化学特点、锆石特征进行了详细研究和单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定。放射性成因铅丢失最少的岩浆成因锆石的206Pb/238U表面年龄为1154Ma,变质成因锆石的206Pb/238U表面年龄为444Ma。5个锆石颗粒构成的不一致线上交点年龄为1827±11Ma,代表基性熔岩形成年龄;下交点年龄为418±8Ma,代表加里东期变质年龄。综合认为宽坪岩群形成时代为早元古代。     

锆石微区原位U-Pb定年的测定位置选择方法

锆石微区原位U-Pb定年时,测定位置的选择至关重要,直接影响锆石测年结果。锆石内部结构研究是锆石测定位置选择的重要依据,本文结合不同成因锆石的内部结构特征及其年代学意义,总结了岩浆锆石、变质锆石、热液锆石以及蜕晶化锆石的测定位置选择方法,认为组成单一的岩浆锆石是理想的U-Pb定年对象,对于成因复杂的锆石尽量选取单一成因的颗粒或晶域,避免跨晶域选择测定位置。对于跨晶域选择测定位置测定得到的年龄结果必须做适当的(如不一致线的方法)校正,才可以用于地质成因的解释,否则得到的是没有地质意义的混合年龄。     

可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中蜕晶质化锆石微区研究

通过电子探针和激光拉曼光谱分析技术系统研究了阿尔泰可可托海3号伟晶岩中蜕晶质化锆石各部位的成分特征、结构变化和蜕晶质化程度间的关系,定量评测了放射性衰变对锆石不同部位结构的影响程度。成分分析结果表明此锆石为铪质锆石,具有明显的环带,其中核部U、Th含量高,边部U、Th含量低,而且锆石破碎区富含非化学式元素Ca、Al、P等,表明此处为锆石的薄弱区,已发生热液蚀变。拉曼光谱特征和锆石的辐射剂量值都表明,锆石核部发生了中度-高度的蜕晶质化,且由于热事件发生退火,辐照损伤程度得到一定的愈合;而边部晶体结构保持较好,只局部出现点缺陷和零星非晶质区。     

用热离子发射质谱计直接测定单颗粒锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄

用热离子发射质谱计、双带源分层蒸发锆石并将蒸发物附着到电离带上以测定~(207)Pb/~(205)Pb值年龄。对五个锆石样品的测定结果证明,用此方法获得的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb值年龄与用常规锆石U-Pb一致线方法获得的年龄结果相吻合。这个方法不仅对放射成因铅轻微丢失的锆石适用,对严重丢失的也得到很好的结果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)