人工回填层冲孔灌注桩施工技术措施

在人工回填层及孵石层，采用人工挖桩红砖护壁和冲击钻机施工桩基等综合技术措施，保证了施工顺利进行和验收，达到了预期施工的良好效果。     

湖口大桥桩基施工难点与技术对策

介绍了湖口大桥漂石层、胶结砂姜石层及灰岩岩溶地层条件下，大直径钻孔灌注桩和深水区嵌岩桩的施工经验。在上述地层分别采用了冲击钻井、气举反循环滚刀钻进及冻结法成孔施工。重点介绍了施工难点和技术对策。     

砂土地基中钻孔灌注桩施工技术

文章以神华煤液化项目大型设备组装厂房工程中钻孔灌注桩为例，论述了在全部为粉细砂地层中进行钻孔灌注桩施工时，针对粉细砂层易坍塌、透水性强导致孔壁稳定性差的特点，通过控制泥浆稠度、钻进速度等施工技术措施，保证了成桩质量，取得较好效果，可为今后类似的桩基施工提供借鉴。     

无循环旋挖法施工卵砾石层钻孔桩

通过工程实例，阐述了无循环旋挖法的施工设备、机具，工艺及技术特点，在卵砾石层中施工大口径钻孔桩，该工法充分显示出成效率高，质量好，环境污染小等技术优势，是国内桩基工程施工技术的新发展。     

滨海潮间带海上钻进冲孔与护壁技术措施

介绍了青岛李村河灰管桥桥墩钻孔灌注桩施工中采取的护壁技术措施：针对滨海潮间带潮汐的影响，设置特别的泥浆循环系统，以保持钻孔的压力平衡，根据钻进泥砂，流砂层和砾石层的特点，配制优质海水泥浆，加强泥浆的净化与性能维护工作。     

砂砾层钢管桩支护工程施工实践

本文对砂砾层施工钢管桩、施工锚杆进行了分析和阐述，并针对施工中存在的问题进行了探讨，提出了解决问题的措施。     

龙马煤矿“两带”孔钻探施工的主要问题及解决办法

龙马煤矿"两带"(即采动覆岩垮落带和导水裂隙带)观测孔施工的主要问题是火山灰地层坍掉严重,并且层厚很难穿过。火山灰层超径,易钻折,钻折后打捞困难。泥岩层遇水冲浸超径,套管下入该层坐不住套管,易发生套管事故。煤系地层漏失。这些地层复杂情况使开始施工遇到了困难,经过施工摸索,掌握了施工技术工艺,使后续施工进展顺利,圆满的完成了任务。     

龙固矿立井冻结施工

龙固立井冻结施工，以深部粘土层为控制地层，选择合适的冻结壁厚度和掘砌段高，严格控制冻结壁的位移量，正确确定施工月进度，运用料石层临时支护，安全快速地通过主、副井表土冻结段。     

长螺旋CFG桩施工中的几个技术问题

为避免长螺旋CFG桩施工中产生质量问题,施工中应注意在桩位控制、桩基施工、混凝土质量、冬季施工措施、褥垫层设置、成桩后防护等方面引起重视,针对以上几个技术问题进行了经验总结和探讨。     

白石江桥桩基施工技术

白石江桥桩基施工技术云南省地矿局８０７队张建国１水文工程地质条件白石江桥位于曲靖市环城东路以北，南盘江Ⅰ级阶地上。根据勘察资料提供，场地北岸为一套冲积成因的粉土及粉土与粉质粘土互层，下部为泥盆系的粉砂质泥岩；南岸为白石江切割下的泥盆系粉砂质泥岩。地层...     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.