天津沿海地层工程地质性质统计特征

对天津沿海地区近年来的工程地质资料进行统计研究,得到该地区工程地层的物理力学特征,为天津沿海地区的开发建设提供工程地质参考资料。同时,给出了各个地层的静力触探统计数据,以供地基基础设计参考。     

用静力触探参数确定地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值--以天津地区为例

承受水平荷载作用的桩基,规范中常采用m法进行桩基水平承载力的计算,地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值在规范中根据地基土的状态、类别以表格给出。在地基勘察中,现在广泛采用静力触探试验。直接利用静力触探数据给出比例系数m值。将使桩基设计所用参数更加直接准确。本文利用天津地区地层大量静力触探资料与地基土状态数据,利用统计分析回归方法,总结出地基土的液性指数IL与静力触探参数锥尖阻力qc及摩阻比Rf间的关系式,针对天津的地层土体,给出利用静力触探资料查用m值的表格,为桩基的设计计算提供资料。     

海底浅表层不同土类静力触探参数与物理力学性质对比研究

海底土的物理、力学特性是海洋地质学、海洋土工学、海洋地质灾害等调查研究及海洋资源开发环境条件调查和评价等方面非常重要的资料,海底静力触探试验(CPT)是获取这方面资料的一种快速高效、成本低、测试精度高的原位测试方法。它可同时获取海底土锥尖阻力、侧摩阻力等方面的连续原位测试数据,这些数据与海底土取样样品测试分析资料及物探资料结合,可对海底土的工程特性等作比较全面的分析和评价。本文对采集的海底土样的静力触探参数与海底土样的物理力学指标进行相关分析,分粘性土和砂类土二类,建立了海底浅表层土的静力触探参数与物理力学指标之间的相关方程。利用相关方程可以通过静力触探的数据来推算土的物理力学指标,进而对海底土的工程情况作较全面的评价。     

新型海上静力触探设备的研制与应用

海上静力触探是一种操作简单、经济高效、测量数据可靠的海床土体原位测量方法。国内自主研发的海上静力触探设备很少能够广泛的应用在实际工程勘察中。本文介绍了一种新型海上静力触探设备,由贯入系统、液压系统、甲板控制系统、浮力系统四部分组成,可在地形复杂多样的滩浅海区域进行连续走航测试。利用这套设备在黄河口海域进行地质勘察,并对该海域的海床土层结构划分进行了探讨,证明了该设备在滩浅海地区的工程勘察领域有者广阔的应用前景。     

海底管线区浅表层土孔压静力触探参数特征及应用

利用东海陆架海底输油管道路由调查获得的孔压静力触探数据和钻探资料等,采用统计分析的方法,对管道路由区5 m以浅土体的孔压静力触探曲线特征、土的分类方法鉴别作了探讨,结果表明:研究区5 m以浅黏性土的锥尖阻力(qc),侧摩阻力(fs)值较小,且随深度呈线性增加,粉质土的qc,fs值增大,但随深度线性增加规律不明显,砂类土的qc值急剧增大,但fs值变化不大;Robertson法和Eslami-Fellenius法两种土类划分方法均适用于研究区浅表层软土的土类划分,但Robertson法在判别粉质土时受到一定限制,Eslami-Fellenius法判别较为准确,应用简单。本研究可为我国在海底管线工程路由勘察中直接利用孔压静力触探(CPTU)参数划分土层和判别土类作铺垫。     

轻型海洋静力触探系统在黄河水下三角洲的应用

轻型海洋静力触探系统是适合于海上作业的电测式原位测试系统,它通过传感器可以同步测量锥端阻力、侧壁摩擦力及孔隙水压力等3项指标,从而推算海底土力学参数。使用轻型海洋静力触探系统在黄河水下三角洲浅水区域进行了地质勘察,勘察结果表明：该系统运行稳定,操作简单,测试结果可靠,成果可以在海底土层结构划分、地基土承载力计算和土体液化判别等方面进行应用,从而避免了常规地质钻探取芯对样品扰动造成测试结果失真的问题,该项原位测试技术可以在海洋工程或油气开发中得到广泛的应用。     

海床式静力触探在黄河口海底土工程特性研究中的应用

海床式静力触探设备工作效率高,能够实现从垂向上对地层的连续探测,数据分辨率较好。通过对黄河口海域3个静力触探孔和1个地质钻孔的分析,将研究区20m以浅地层自上而下划分为粉土、粉质黏土、粉土夹粉砂或粉砂、粉质黏土、粉土五层,静力触探曲线对粉土层中的硬壳层和粉质黏土层中的贝壳夹层等特殊地质现象有很好的反映。对粉质黏土的静力触探参数与物理力学参数进行相关性分析,得到适合该区域的回归方程。采用基于CPT数据的液化判别法,对研究区表层粉土液化可能性进行评判,通过Seed简化法计算的周期应力比(CSR)与Olsen法计算的周期阻力比(CRR)的大小比较,得出当抗震设防烈度为7度时,研究区表层粉土不会液化,当抗震设防烈度为8度时,粉土层将发生液化,计算最大液化深度3.7m。     

换向阀在静力触探系统地锚机中的换向作用

海底土体的物理力学指标是反映工程地质环境的一项重要指标,获取海洋土体物理力学指标的最直接方法是静力触探原位测试技术.研究发现静力触探系统地锚机液压动力是单向功能,达不到螺旋地锚固定静力触探系统机架的技术要求,存在换向功能问题,提出了合理选择换向阀的几点建议.     

东海气田群海底管道区浅层土性特点及地震液化判别

管道工程的实施以海底土体为依托,预先查明土体的物理力学性质及其稳定性是管道设计、施工不可缺少的前期工作,影响着管道的安全.利用东海气田群海底管道路由区所获取的振动样品、钻孔样品和室内测试资料及原位海洋静力触探(CPT)资料,分析了浅层土体物理力学性质,定量估判了地震作用下土体液化可能性.研究结果表明:根据工程地质评价要...     

孔压静力触探在确定砂土内摩擦角中的应用

内摩擦角作为砂土的抗剪强度指标之一,是工程设计的重要参数。常规海洋工程勘察中主要依据室内土工试验确定,如三轴压缩试验、直接剪切试验、颗粒粒径、级配和密实度等。随着孔压静力触探(Piezocone Penetration Test, PCPT)在海洋工程勘察中广泛开展,利用孔压静力触探测试的锥尖阻力、侧壁摩阻力和孔隙水压力等参数确定砂土内摩擦角具有无需取样、快速、合理、可靠的优点,在桩基础、管线路由、水下基础等海洋工程勘察中具有越来越重要的工程意义。本文总结了3种利用PCPT资料确定砂土内摩擦角的方法即Mayne提出的内摩擦角评估经验公式、砂土最大最小经验公式和Senneset等提出的计算砂土内摩擦角经验公式,在中国广东沿海某风电场开展了3个钻孔的应用实践。对结果进行对比分析后认为,在熟练掌握PCPT测试方法、资料采集、数据处理和成果解释的基础上,依据Senneset等提出的计算方法,用PCPT资料确定砂土内摩擦角,具有一定的可靠性与适用性。     

SPT-CPT Correlation and Its Application for Liquefaction Evaluation in China

The standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) are the two most commonly used in-situ tests. In this paper, SPT-CPT correlation is investigated using statistical and regression method based on a database of in-situ tests. Two correlation equations of the SPT N-value and the CPT cone tip resistance q_c are proposed. The equations are applied for the liquefaction potential evaluation. Three effect factors including the soil type, mean particle size, and fine content are investigated for SPT-CPT correlation. The simple correlation can be used for the preliminary site investigation with least data and information. The comprehensive one can give more accurate result with detailed data. These two correlation equations are useful for different purposes with different accuracies. The liquefaction evaluations using the proposed correlation method are compared with those from the Chinese code method. It is shown that the proposed correlation can be helpful for site investigation and geotechnical design in practice.     

静力触探技术在东海陆架工程勘察中的应用研究

通过对东海大陆架海底浅表层土样的静力触探参数进行统计分析,得到该区域细砂、粘土、淤泥质土和淤泥的静力触探统计值,建立了研究海区基于静力触探参数的土类判别图,可用于快速判定土的类别.根据静力触探参数,并应用经验公式估算了海底粘性土的抗剪强度和灵敏度,对估算公式经验系数选择进行了深入研究,提出在研究海区应用经验公式进行粘性...     

Calculating the sediment flux of the small coastal watersheds: a modification of global equations

Two kinds of regression equations are used to reproduce the sediment flux of the 26 small coastal watersheds in southeastern China. The first kind is the global equations suggested by Milliman and Syvitski (1992), Mulder and Syvitski (1996), Syvitski et al. (2003), and Syvitski and Milliman (2007). The second kind is the modified equations revised by the characteristics of the coastal watersheds, including the drainage area, mean water discharge, and mean sediment discharge. Compared with the observations of the hydrometric stations, the global equations overestimate the sediment flux by 1–2 orders of magnitude. By using the modified equations, the accuracy of the estimated sediment flux is significantly improved, with the relative error in the range of 7%–24%. The reason for the overestimation mainly caused by different parameters’ domain and regression coefficients between global rivers and study coastal watersheds. This study demonstrates that modification needs to be considered when using global regression equations to reproduce the sediment flux of the small coastal watersheds in southeastern China.     

Direct CPT and CPTu methods for determining bearing capacity of helical piles

Helical piles are structural deep foundation elements, which can be categorized as torque-driven piles without any limitations to implement in marine situations. Different methods are used to predict the axial capacity of helical piles, such as static analysis, but have some limitation for this type of piles on marine conditions. In situ testing methods as supplement of static analysis have been rarely used for helical piles. In geotechnical engineering practice, the most common in situ tests particularly applicable for coastal or offshore site investigation are cone penetration test (CPT) and piezocone penetration test (CPTu). The CPT is simple, repeatable, and prepares the continuous records of soil layers. In this paper, a data bank has been compiled by collecting the results of static pile load tests on thirty-seven helical piles in ten different sites including CPT or CPTu data. Axial capacities of thirty-seven helical piles in different sites were predicted by direct CPT methods and static analysis. Accuracy estimation of ten direct CPT methods to predict the axial capacity of helical piles was investigated in this study. Comparisons have been made among predicted values and measured capacity from the pile load tests. Results indicated that the recently developed methods such as NGI-05 (2005), ICP-05 (2005), and UWA-05 (2005) predicted axial capacity of helical piles more accurately than the other methods such as Meyerhof (1983), Schmertmann (1978), Dutch (1979), LCPC (1982), or Unicone (1997). However, more investigations are required to establish better correlation between CPT data and axial capacity of helical piles.     

插拔桩对黄河水下三角洲浅层土的扰动及恢复研究

黄河水下三角洲埕岛海区浅部地层自上而下主要有三种结构类型:厚层粉土-软弱粉质粘土型、薄层粉土-软弱粉质粘土层型和厚层软弱粉质粘土层-粉土或粉质粘土层型。具桩靴平台在研究区内进行插拔桩,扰动或破坏表层土,拔桩后形成桩坑。桩坑的恢复夷平和坑内回淤土层性质直接影响后期海洋工程进行。本研究利用浅地层剖面仪、声纳、野外钻探及室内实验等方法对桩坑内外土体的性质进行了探测。探测结果表明,三种类型底土在插拔桩后,回淤地层结构及其物理力学性质与原地层比较,有较大差异。     

南黄海油气资源区粘性土物理力学性质及微结构特征

用土质学的显微结构理论和技术方法,研究了南黄海油气资源区粘性土微结构特征。结合原状样物理力学性质参数,研究颗粒接触、堆垒、孔隙等现象与物理力学性质之间的关系。研究结果表明,沉积物主要为粘质粉土、淤泥质粉质粘土和淤泥等粘性土,其微结构类型有粒状链接微结构、蜂窝状微结构和疏松基质状微结构3种,其中淤泥类土主要为蜂窝状微结构和疏松基质状微结构,结构疏松,孔隙度较大,含水率很高,强度低,压缩性高。粘质粉土为粒状链接微结构．含水率较低,孔隙度相对淤泥类土较小,抗剪强度比淤泥类土略高,压缩性较高。该区粘性土为不理想工程地基土,工程施工时应采取相应措施避开或对其进行改良。     

Reliability-based assessment of drilled displacement piles bearing capacity using CPT records

Drilled displacement piles (DDPs) are known as an alternative to conventional foundations in coastal areas, given the elimination of environmental impacts and difficulties caused by installation process of driven piles and more consistency with environment. Despite increasing employment of these piles, the extent of research works does not yet suffice the requisites to reach a routine design. This paper aims to analyze six cone penetration test (CPT)-based methods of determining the bearing capacity of DDP. The statistical and reliability-based approaches were used in two parts of assessing performance of the methods with respect to soil–pile characteristics followed by evaluating reliability of the prediction outcome. A database is compiled including 65 DDP load tests with adjacent CPT profiles. Performance of the methods are analyzed. Finally, a reliability parameter, i.e., confidence interval, is introduced to demonstrate a more realistic insight into the evaluations by expressing performance of the methods in terms of a range for possible average values of the predictions ratios, rather than simply an arithmetic mean. The study reveals that the commonly used CPT-based methods which have not been specifically developed for DDP show great potential for design. The results indicate that the investigated methods can have promising performance if some modifications are applied.