贵州省深部地热钻井现状与发展建议

介绍了贵州省地热资源的主要类型、储层构造和储层及地理分布情况,阐述了当前贵州省深部地热钻井使用的钻井工艺技术与主要设备情况,包括井身结构、常用钻机与钻具组合、常用泥浆泵与固控系统、钻井液及固井技术研究现状等,分析了贵州省地热钻井存在的问题,提出了引进新工艺与新设备、加强相关研究的建议。     

控压钻井及其在高温地热勘探开发中的应用

控压钻井包括管理压力钻井、欠平衡钻井和空气钻井。控压钻井可以减少非钻进时间和事故、提高机械钻速、预防漏失、消除压差卡钻、保护低压产层以提高产能。地热井具有温度高、地层硬度高、裂隙发育、地层压力低伴随浅部地层压力变化大等特点。在地热勘探开发中应用控压钻井技术有利于提高钻进速度、预防漏失、提高产能。介绍了控压钻井及其关键技术,同时阐述控压钻井在地热勘探开发中的应用。     

高温地热钻井的最佳实践

地热开发的关键是地热钻井,高温地热钻井成本高,风险大。2008年,欧盟出版了"增强型地热系统最佳实践手册";2010年,美国桑迪亚国家实验室出版了"地热钻井最佳实践手册"。本文参考这两本手册和世界主要高温地热钻井实践,分析了高温地热钻井的特点及主要潜在问题,介绍了高温地热钻井的成熟钻井技术和一些前瞻性的技术,以及不同地质条件下(火山岩、变质岩和花岗岩)适用的最佳钻井实践,旨在对我国高温地热钻井提供技术参考。     

永葆创业激情的中原石油勘探局钻井三公司

中原石油勘探局钻井三公司成立于1982年。钻井队由初建的8个,发展到现在的56个,钻机类型由单一的大庆32型、ZJ45型机械钻机,发展到拥有50D、70D电动钻机等多"兵种"钻机群,钻井最深打到了7170 m;钻井类型由直井、斜井发展到多靶定向井和水平井:钻井领域由石油天然气钻井,扩展到地热钻井、煤层气钻井和地球科学研究钻探。     

永葆创业激情的中原石油勘探局钻井三公司

中原石油勘探局钻井三公司成立于1982年。钻井队由初建的8个,发展到现在的56个,钻机类型由单一的大庆32型、ZJ45型机械钻机,发展到拥有50D、70D电动钻机等多“兵种”钻机群,钻井最深打到了7170m;钻井类型由直井、斜井发展到多靶定向井和水平井;钻井领域由石油天然气钻井,扩展到地热钻井、煤层气钻井和地球科学研究钻探。     

永葆创业激情的中原石油勘探局钻井三公司

中原石油勘探局钻井三公司成立于1982年。钻井队由初建的8个,发展到现在的56个,钻机类型由单一的大庆32型、ZJ45型机械钻机,发展到拥有50D、70D电动钻机等多“兵种”钻机群,钻井最深打到了7170m;钻井类型由直井、斜井发展到多靶定向井和水平井;钻井领域由石油天然气钻井,扩展到地热钻井、煤层气钻井和地球科学研究钻探。     

永葆创业激情的中原石油勘探局钻井三公司

中原石油勘探局钻井三公司成立于1982年。钻井队由初建的8个，发展到现在的56个，钻机类型由单一的大庆32型、ZJ45型机械钻机，发展到拥有50D、70D电动钻机等多“兵种”钻机群，钻井最深打到了7170m；钻井类型由直井、斜井发展到多靶定向井和水平井；钻井领域由石油天然气钻井，扩展到地热钻井、煤层气钻井和地球科学研究钻探。     

土耳其高温地热钻井关键技术

高温地热资源具有分布广泛、清洁环保的特点,世界各国都在加大高温地热资源的开发利用。土耳其ECOLOG公司Geo2E地热发电项目高温地热钻井实施过程中,针对区块高温地热钻井过程中存在的技术难点,从井身结构设计、钻井提速、抗高温钻井液、安全钻井技术等方面着手,进行相关技术的研究及应用,现场应用效果良好。该地区高温地热钻井成功经验能够为我国高温地热开发钻井施工提供有效借鉴,促进我国高温地热资源的经济高效利用。     

钻井泥浆冷却技术发展现状与新型泥浆冷却系统的研究

在中高温地热钻井、深部油气钻井、冻土带钻井及天然气水合物钻井中,钻井泥浆冷却技术是钻井工艺中的关键技术之一。适当的井内循环泥浆温度是钻井作业安全快速进行的保证,根据泥浆冷却冷源获得方式的不同,将钻井泥浆冷却技术分为高温泥浆冷却技术和低温泥浆冷却技术。分别论述了在中高温地热钻井和深部油气钻井中采用的高温泥浆冷却技术,以及在冻土带和天然气水合物钻井中采用的低温泥浆冷却技术,并针对我国在低温泥浆冷却技术领域的现状,介绍了一种新型钻井泥浆冷却系统。     

碎裂钻井技术及其在地热钻井中的应用前景分析

地热资源储量丰富,分布广泛,开发前景广阔。但是在现有地热钻井技术条件下进行地热开发的周期长、成本高,所以亟待钻井技术的突破使巨大的地热资源得到经济有效地开发。碎裂钻井技术是一种采用了新的钻井原理的钻井技术,其能够有效地解决常规钻井过程中经常遇到的诸如在坚硬地层中进尺慢等棘手问题,一旦得到商业化应用,将会对地热资源经济有效地开发产生革命性的影响。在分析常规钻井技术存在的问题的基础上,介绍了碎裂钻井技术的工作原理及碎岩机理,阐明了其优缺点,为该技术在地热钻井中的应用研究提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)