一种地电场观测环境干扰的分析和试验研究

对2009年10月~2010年5月高邮地震台地电场观测中出现的一种不明原因的大幅度扰动干扰进行了分析讨论。经过初步分析、干扰源模拟定位、干扰源测试、干扰源现场调查等途径,确定了干扰源位置和干扰产生的原因,并对该干扰现象进行了排除处理。     

点源干扰源定位方法及其在地电场观测中的实际应用

我国地震地电场观测时的漏电干扰问题会影响到观测质量和地震监测效能。针对这一实际问题,本文提出了点源干扰源定位方法。该方法首先建立地表点源对地电场观测影响模型,根据模型计算点源对地电场观测的干扰幅度,然后求解干扰源相对于中心电极的位置。将定位方法应用于高邮地震台和汉王地震台实际干扰源排查工作中,定位结果与实际干扰源位置基本一致,测区外干扰源定位误差小于2%,测区内干扰源定位误差小于20 m,并对影响计算误差的因素进行了分析。两个台站的实际应用表明：本文提出的定位方法为地电观测实践中查找点源漏电干扰源提供解决方案,能够有效地定位点源干扰源位置,提高干扰排查效率。     

长短极距比值干扰源定位方法及其在地电场观测中的实际应用

提出长短极距比值干扰源定位方法用来定位地电观测中出现的地表干扰源。该方法基于均匀半空间模型且地表干扰为点电源,利用地表不同位置的干扰源所引起的同测向长短极距的电场变化差异,联合多测向比值来定位干扰源位置,并应用到徐庄子台漏电干扰一例和高邮台偶极源试验中。结果表明:利用长短极距比值法,能有效定位干扰点源,且能定位偶极干扰源的其中一个电极。     

河北昌黎地震台地电场观测数据干扰排查与分析

地震台站地电场观测会受到各种因素的干扰,必须快速发现并消除干扰源,以保障观测数据的正常输出。2019年5月17日—6月4日,昌黎地震台地电场观测受不明原因干扰,观测数据产生畸变,与已知干扰类型数据特征进行对比分析,发现与常见干扰源所致数据变化形态特征不同;按照干扰数据变化特征,假设干扰源与观测台站的相对位置关系,布设简易的野外观测点,成功定位本次观测干扰源。最终确认,昌黎台地电场干扰由位于台站东南方向的铁件铸造厂变压器电缆漏电所致。此次干扰源排查,可为同类地电台站观测数据干扰分析提供参考。     

影响通河地震台地电场观测干扰源的排查分析

通过对通河地震台地电场观测资料的分析判断,利用本台站地电场观测同时段不同测项、附近地电场观测台站地电场观测同时段相同测项对比分析,排查影响本台站地电场观测干扰源,识别干扰形态并进行分析。结果表明,在地电场观测过程中存在可控的干扰源有:人为抽水干扰、工厂运行干扰、农田灌溉干扰等;不可控的干扰源有:雷电干扰、高压直流输电干扰、地电暴干扰等。通过对观测数据干扰形态的识别与排除,对提高地电场数据质量有一定的意义。     

地震地球物理台网典型观测环境干扰源管理模块

随着地震数据跟踪分析工作的深入开展,发现环境干扰成为影响地球物理台网观测数据质量的主要因素之一,为此设计干扰源管理模块,为监测人员提供工作平台,对典型干扰信息进行有效管理。随着干扰源记录的不断补充,充实了干扰源数据库,可为今后干扰事件的大数据分析提供研究基础。利用该模块对干扰源进行管理,可有效提高地球物理台网数据质量,更好地为地震分析预报会商与台网运维管理服务。     

地电观测中电磁干扰源定位方法研究

本文提出了一种地表偶极源干扰影响模型和动态枚举定位求解方法.该方法基于均匀电流场和点源电流场模型,由地表偶极源对不同测点的影响幅度和测点位置求解偶极源位置,并给出了仿真计算结果.利用该方法结合高邮地震台人工干扰源试验观测数据进行计算,计算结果将干扰源定位于30 m范围内的小区域, 较好地验证了本文模型和定位求解方法的正确性.该研究可为地电观测台站周边工农业漏电干扰源的定位和查找提供有效参考.      

湟源地震台数字地震记录的环境干扰分析及滤波器制作

对湟源地震台周边各种因素所致的地震记录干扰情况进行了分析,认为干扰源主要有采石场爆破、灌溉水渠、小河、车辆干扰及各种天气及固有干扰等。根据这些干扰源的频谱特性,采用MATLAB语言,设计、编制了不同类型的滤波器,在震相识别上发挥了很大作用。     

河北省地电阻率干扰分析

通过河北省地电阻率观测资料整理、干扰源调研及时序分析,总结各类干扰源表现形态及干扰机制,并提出排除干扰的方法,为有效识别地电阻率干扰、异常判定及地震预测预报提供依据。     

河北省地电场干扰因素分析

选取河北省昌黎、阳原、大柏舍、兴济、肥乡、滦县6个地震台站地电场观测资料,通过资料整理、日志查阅、干扰源调研,对常见观测系统故障、工频干扰、雷电干扰、高压直流输电、地电暴等干扰源的表现形态及干扰机制进行分析,并提出干扰排除方法,为有效识别干扰、异常提取及地震预测预报提供可靠依据。     

水源污染对姑咱海子泉气汞和气氡观测的干扰分析

2018年12月姑咱海子泉气汞和气氡出现准同步突升异常变化,通过对气汞和气氡仪器观测系统、脱气装置系统、观测环境影响因素等的调查,观测室环境汞污染检查,龙头沟与二道桥CO2和水质加密观测以及四川地区其它同类台站观测资料对比分析,初步认为该变化是由于观测水源被污染,污染的水源又致仪器脱气装置系统出现故障或气路不畅,此次异常变化是一次典型的干扰案例,并不是地震前兆异常。     

大地电场观测各类干扰源的调研与分析

收集整理大地电场观测的各类干扰及变化原因,通过详尽的调研和相关分析研究,提出其常规干扰变化的识别方法,以及为提高大地电场观测资料的质量而采取的干扰抑制技术,并针对各类干扰源的机理,改进和完善现有的大地电场观测技术,提高资料的稳定性和可靠性。     

Characterization of groundwater contaminant source using Bayesian method

Contaminant source identification in groundwater system is critical for remediation strategy implementation, including gathering further samples and analysis, as well as implementing and evaluating different remediation plans. Such problem is usually solved with the aid of groundwater modeling with lots of uncertainty, e.g. existing uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity, measurement variance and the model structure error. Monte Carlo simulation of flow model allows the input uncertainty onto the model predictions of concentration measurements at monitoring sites. Bayesian approach provides the advantage to update estimation. This paper presents an application of a dynamic framework coupling with a three dimensional groundwater modeling scheme in contamination source identification of groundwater. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is being applied to infer the possible location and magnitude of contamination source. Uncertainty existing in heterogonous hydraulic conductivity field is explicitly considered in evaluating the likelihood function. Unlike other inverse-problem approaches to provide single but maybe untrue solution, the MCMC algorithm provides probability distributions over estimated parameters. Results from this algorithm offer a probabilistic inference of the location and concentration of released contamination. The convergence analysis of MCMC reveals the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Further investigation to extend this study is also discussed.     

Microseismic Event Detection Kalman Filter: Derivation of the Noise Covariance Matrix and Automated First Break Determination for Accurate Source Location Estimation

Since 1972, Weir-Jones Engineering Consultants (WJEC) has been involved in the development and installation of microseismic monitoring systems for the mining, heavy construction and oil/gas industries. To be of practical value in an industrial environment, microseismic monitoring systems must produce information which is both reliable and timely. The most critical parameters obtained from a microseismic monitoring system are the real-time location and magnitude of the seismic events. Location and magnitude are derived using source location algorithms that typically utilize forward modeling and iterative optimal estimation techniques to determine the location of the global minimum of a predefined cost function in a three-dimensional solution space. Generally, this cost function is defined as the RMS difference between measured seismic time series information and synthetic measurements generated by assuming a velocity structure for the area under investigation (forward modeling). The seismic data typically used in the source location algorithm includes P- and S-wave arrival times, and raypath angles of incidence obtained from P-wave hodogram analysis and P-wave first break identification. In order to obtain accurate and timely source location estimates it is of paramount importance that the extraction of accurate P-wave and S-wave information from the recorded time series be automated—in this way consistent data can be made available with minimal delay. WJEC has invested considerable resources in the development of real-time digital filters to optimize extraction, and this paper outlines some of the enhancements made to existing Kalman Filter designs to facilitate the automation of P-wave first break identification.     

昌黎井与卢龙井水位、水温观测场地环境干扰特征

以昌黎何家庄井、卢龙崔庄井的水位观测数据和中层水温观测数据为对象,针对日常观测中记录的场地环境干扰进行基础数据分析,发现昌黎何家庄井主要干扰源为同层水位超采,卢龙崔庄井主要干扰源为桃林口水库放水。通过同井观测的水位与中层水温相关性、水位日变幅在正常与非正常情况下的变化特征,可得不同井孔的变化特征,为今后此类干扰判别提供依据。     

基于波动方程的微地震震源位置、震源时间及VTI介质各向异性参数联合反演

对于非常规油气开发,水力压裂监控的效果取决于对微地震事件的分析、解释。准确的微地震震源位置是关乎施工成败的重要因素。微地震震源位置的准确性与多个参数相关,其不仅依赖于微地震事件的激发时间,同时也依赖于储层介质参数信息,因此进行微地震震源位置、震源时间、储层介质参数的联合反演尤为重要。页岩气储层通常表现出较强的各向异性,VTI介质可对其进行较好的近似描述。基于VTI介质波动方程,本文提出了同时反演微地震震源位置、震源时间以及VTI介质各向异性参数的联合反演方法。数值算例结果表明,该联合反演方法可以通过迭代反演同时得到高精度的微地震震源位置、震源激发时间以及VTI介质各向异性参数信息。     

SEISMIC MODELLING OF SEAM WAVES EXCITED BY ENERGY TRANSMISSION INTO A SEAM1

The traditional method of exciting channel waves in coal deposits underground consists of firing explosive sources in a mid-seam position generating seam waves of the Rayleigh and Love type. We investigate various source positions and excitation mechanisms within the bedrock structure surrounding the seam to evaluate the effects of source positions adjacent to the seam. The investigation is based on analogue and numerical modelling of half- and full-space cases, for which the excitation and the nature of Rayleigh channel waves are examined. In the analogue modelling, sources, located from mid-seam out into the bedrock, along the edge of a 2D plate model, excited channel waves through a conversion of the free surface Rayleigh wave at the edge of the plate. The excited channel wave belongs to the normal mode range. Frequency-wavenumber analysis shows that the symmetric 2nd mode of the channel wave is excited with frequencies comparable to the forcing frequency of the source signal. The polarization changes from retrograde to prograde, as the wave develops from the front to the rear of the seam, respectively. The amplitude-depth distribution resembles that of an ordinarily excited seam wave, for the symmetric component. However, the antisymmetric component does not show the characteristic change of sign in amplitudes across the mid-seam axis. Numerical modelling with sources located in the bedrock (full-space case) shows that relocating the source away from the seam lowers the frequency content of the excited channel wave. Based on these investigations, the influence of a lower-frequency source signal on the excitation of the channel wave is examined in an analogue experiment. Sources are sited in the bedrock adjacent to the seam at three locations. A lower-frequency wavelet is calculated for each source location from the results obtained in the numerical analysis. For comparison, a higher-frequency wavelet is also used which is known to be optimal for this model geometry when excited by a mid-seam source location. It is found that in two cases the use of the lower-frequency wavelet improves the channel wave excitation, while no amplification is achieved in one case.