皱纹盘鲍多糖抗肿瘤药理作用研究

对从软体动物皱纹盘鲍HaliotisdiscushannaiIno中分离提取的纯多糖进行了抗肿瘤活性研究。药理实验表明,多糖对体外培养的小鼠移植性肿瘤肉瘤S180、肝癌HepA细胞无细胞毒作用,但能明显延长HepA小鼠的生存时间,抑制小鼠移植性肉瘤S180的生长;在抑瘤的同时,能明显提高免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的重量,降低荷瘤小鼠肝脏中过氧化脂质的水平。提示鲍鱼多糖可能是通过增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能和抗氧化作用而发挥其抗肿瘤活性的     

皱纹盘鲍多糖抗肿瘤药理作用研究

对从软体动物皱纹盘鲍ＨａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｈａｎｎａｉＩｎｏ中分离提取的纯多糖进行了抗肿瘤活性研究。药理实验表明,多糖对体外培养的小鼠移植性肿瘤肉瘤Ｓ１８０,肝癌ＨｅｐＡ细胞无细胞毒作用,但能明显延长ＨｅｐＡ小鼠的生存时间,抑制小鼠移植性肉瘤Ｓ１８０的生长,在抑瘤的同时,能明显提高免疫器官胸腺,脾脏的重量,降低荷瘤小鼠肝脏中过氧化脂质的水平,提示鲍鱼多糖可能是通过增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能和抗氧     

菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)蛋白聚糖的分离提取及其抗肿瘤活性的初步研究

采用凝胶过滤层析、SDS-PAGE电泳、Bradford法和苯酚-硫酸法等生物化学方法对菲律宾蛤仔中的蛋白聚糖(PG1和PG2)进行分离纯化,研究其理化性质。采用MTT方法研究蛋白聚糖对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人正常肝细胞HL-7702生长的影响。通过小鼠体内实验研究蛋白聚糖的抗肿瘤活性和对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,PG1分子量大约为20kDa,多糖含量为70.09%,蛋白质含量为15.4%。PG2的多糖含量为82.53%,蛋白质含量为7.26%。PG1在200μg/ml浓度时对SMMC-7721的生长抑制率为73.30%,随浓度的升高,抑制率并未发生明显改变。PG2对SMMC-7721的生长抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,在500μg/ml的浓度下,其抑制效果与PG1的抑制效果相当。在同样浓度下,PG1对人正常肝细胞的生长和功能没有明显影响。PG1呈剂量-效应关系明显增加荷瘤小鼠脾指数,促进荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化,且没有降低体重及其他毒副作用。PG1对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用可能是通过直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用和提高小鼠细胞免疫水平来实现。     

壳寡糖的抑瘤作用及其作用机制研究

研究不同浓度的壳寡糖(COS)对OS-RC-2肾转移瘤细胞的抑制作用及其作用机制。体外培养肾肿瘤细胞OSRC-2,MTT法、AO/EB染色和流式细胞仪检测COS对其增殖分化、凋亡和增殖周期的影响;建立小鼠OS-RC-2肾转移瘤模型,COS(50、100、300、500mg/kg)灌胃15d后取瘤块并计算抑瘤率;透射电镜观察细胞超微结构的变化;RT-PCR和免疫组化检测COS对肾转移瘤VEGFmRNA表达的影响。实验显示,100和300mg/L COS可明显抑制肾肿瘤细胞OXRC-2的增殖(F=69.21,q=11.32、19.35,P<0.05)并促进其凋亡(F=205.72,q=31.52、23.21,P<0.01),还可使细胞在G0/G1期比例明显增高,S期比例降低(x2=22.54,P<0.05)。100和300mg/kg的COS可有效抑制小鼠肿瘤的生长(F=148.39,q=25.05、15.10,P<0.05);并可使VEGFmRNA的表达明显减低(F=172.05,q=35.50、25.27,P<0.01)。镜下可见细胞出现多形性改变,核染色质边聚等。结果表明,COS可抑制OS-RC-2肾转移瘤的生长,其中100和300mg/kg剂量组抑瘤效果较佳。     

含硒紫球藻胞外多糖的制备及对体内外肿瘤细胞生长的影响

采用在培养液中添加亚硒酸来实现藻对无机硒的富集和转化,制备一种含硒的紫球藻(Porphyridiumsp.)胞外多糖(Se-PSP);通过DAN荧光法测硒含量及红外光谱,对硒是否结合在多糖上进行了初步探讨;用四唑盐比色法(MTT)研究了不同浓度含硒的紫球藻胞外多糖对3种体外肿瘤细胞生长的影响。通过建立荷瘤小鼠模型,研究了含硒多糖对腹水瘤S180的作用。结果表明含硒的胞外多糖含硒量约为0.015mg/g,40,80mg/LSe-PSP对3种肿瘤细胞SMMC7721、A549、A357均有一定程度的抑制作用,尤其是对SMMC7721抑制程度最为明显。荷瘤小鼠模型实验结果表明100mg/(kg.·d)Se-PSP可以延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间,Se-PSP有可能成为一种抗肿瘤药物。     

马尾藻多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其免疫功能的研究

分别以马尾藻多糖(SP)、环磷酰胺对H22荷瘤NIH小鼠灌胃给药,通过建立H22:实体瘤小鼠模型和H22腹水瘤小鼠模型,测定其抑瘤率、胸腺指教、脾指数、免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞数量等指标,观察马尾藻多糖在H22腹水瘤小鼠体内的抗肿瘤作用及其机理、对H22腹水瘤小鼠生命延长的影响和体内T淋巴细胞数量的变化.结果表明,马尾藻多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,其质量比为100 mg/kg时的抑瘤效果最好,抑瘤率达到61.3%;H22腹水瘤小鼠经SP灌胃后,胸腺指数、脾指数、T淋巴细胞数和白细胞数均有明显升高;SP能显著提高H22腹水瘤小鼠的平均生存时问,SP质量比为100 mg/kg时效果最好,H22腹水瘤小鼠生命延长率为69.87%.     

羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长的影响研究

研究评价了不同分子量及不同取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-CTS)对肿瘤生长的影响。用MTT比色法测定3种CM-CTS对人正常肝细胞L02及3株肿瘤细胞:Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela生长的影响;ELISA方法检测3种CM-CTS对2种肝细胞L02及Bel-7402分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平的影响;建立小鼠移植性肿瘤Heps模型,腹腔注射分子量最大的CM-Ⅰ,研究CM-CTS的抑瘤作用。研究结果表明,分子量及取代度不同的3种CM-CTS在0.05~0.8 mg/mL浓度范围内,对L02细胞增殖具有显著促进作用,对Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela细胞的增殖则具有一定的抑制作用;3种CM-CTS能提高L02细胞TGF-α分泌水平,抑制Bel-7402细胞分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平;在动物水平上,CM-CTS能抑制小鼠Heps肿瘤生长,且量效关系显著。说明不同分子量及取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长具一定的抑制作用。     

副溶血性弧菌产耐热直接溶血毒素对黑色素瘤的抑制作用研究

为探讨耐热直接溶血毒素(Thermostabile direct hemolysin,TDH)在体内和体外对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的抑制作用,本研究通过MTT法、克隆形成试验、凋亡试验、Caspase-8和Caspase-3的活性试验、线粒体膜电位的检测以及体内C57BL/6小鼠(Mus musculus)荷瘤实验,比较TDH作用于不同细胞的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀),评价TDH对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的体内外抑制作用。结果发现:人结肠上皮细胞NCM460、人正常肝细胞LO2、人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16在TDH处理24 h之后,细胞的半抑制质量浓度IC₅₀分别为151、118、54和48 μg/mL,正常细胞的IC₅₀高出癌细胞近2~3倍。当质量浓度低于20 μg/mL时,TDH以剂量依赖性的方式抑制B16细胞的克隆形成,6 mg/kg TDH在移植瘤模型中显著抑制体内肿瘤的生长(P<0.001)。流式细胞术和荧光试剂盒检测表明:20 μg/mL的TDH能诱导19.4%的B16细胞发生早期凋亡,并激活Caspase-8和Caspase-3,但不影响线粒体膜电位。TDH具有体内外的抗肿瘤活性,可能通过细胞表面的死亡受体介导的凋亡信号通路引起凋亡,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

耳壳藻内酯分子合成及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法体外肿瘤细胞株抑制试验，研究耳壳藻内酯合成过程中结构的衍化物和抗肿瘤活性的关系。结果表明．耳壳藻内酯对小鼠肝细胞癌(H22)、小鼠路易斯肺癌(LLC)、人宫颈癌(Hela)和人乳腺癌(MCF-7)有较强的细胞毒性，对正常小鼠胚成纤维(NIH3T3)和人肝细胞(L—02)的毒性较低。酮基内酯对各肿瘤细胞毒性差异较大，对上述正常细胞株的杀伤力也较大。体外结合DNA的研究表明，耳壳藻内酯芳香环上的羟基较酮基内酯上的酮基易于插入DNA分子中．造成DNA分子的断裂和解聚。标记代谢物前体掺入试验表明，耳壳藻内酯能够显著抑制DNA大分子的合成，阻滞肿瘤细胞的生长。推测耳壳藻内酯芳香环上的羟基是影响其抗肿瘤活性的主要官能团。     

日本刺参的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用研究

采用日本刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）浆灌胃移植性肿瘤模型小鼠，探讨了日本刺参的抗肿瘤作用及其对免疫功能的调节作用。结果表明，日本刺参各剂量组均能显著抑制小鼠S180肉瘤的生长，提高小鼠脾指数及胸腺指数（P〈0．05）；显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清溶血素含量（P〈0．01）和抗体形成细胞数（P〈0．05）；提高迟发型变态反应水平和脾淋巴细胞转化能力（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；促进NK细胞活性和巨噬细胞的吞噬能力（P〈0．05。P〈0．01）。提示日本刺参能全面调节机体的特异性和非特异性免疫功能．控制和杀灭肿瘤细胞。     

Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China

Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic     

Recent advances in marine technology in Canada

Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements.     

一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展

对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。     

Challenges in cross-sectoral marine protection in Europe

Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas.     

Recent progress in submarine geosciences in China

In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future.     

湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力

湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足     

海水中重金属铅的检测方法研究进展

铅(Pb)是已知毒性最大的重金属污染物之一,它可通过呼吸以及饮食摄入人体.铅是一种慢性的积累性毒物和潜在的致癌、致突变物质.铅的性质与钙类似,在人体骨骼中能够积蓄,主要损害神经系统、造血器官和肾脏 [1].鉴于重金属铅对人体如此严重的生物毒性作用,美国环保总局(EPA)将其列入内分泌干扰物(又称环境激素)名单,因此对环境水体中铅的检测具有重要意义.本文简述了海水中铅的含量及其存在形态,评述了原子光谱法、分子光谱法、质谱法及电化学法在海水中铅含量及其形态分析中的应用.     

Anomalous Wildfires in Siberia in Summer 2019

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of satellite wildfire monitoring and estimates for the amounts of emissions of harmful gases and fine aerosols in Siberia from 2001 to 2019...