藏南夏瓦地区基性脉岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及地质意义

西藏夏瓦地区位于特提斯喜马拉雅构造带中东部,广泛发育大量近东西向的基性脉岩,这些基性脉岩对于研究该区域地质构造演化具有重要的意义。本文对夏瓦地区基性脉岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学等研究。夏瓦基性脉岩的岩石类型以辉绿岩和辉长玢岩为主。锆石U-Pb年代学揭示基性脉岩结晶年龄为146～145 Ma。夏瓦基性脉岩具有低SiO₂(47.20%～50.54%)和高Mg~#值(39.78～53.79)特征,富集Ti、Fe、P元素,属碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素(LREE),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th)相对富集,显示出似OIB的地球化学特征,指示夏瓦基性脉岩来源于软流圈地幔的部分熔融,形成于大陆边缘裂谷背景下。结合区域大火成岩省基性岩的发育,认为夏瓦地区基性脉岩是大陆边缘裂谷背景下Kerguelen地幔柱作用的产物。夏瓦基性脉岩的结晶年龄虽然早于Kerguelen地幔柱活动的峰期(132 Ma),但可能属于地幔柱峰期之前的小规模岩浆活动。     

华北克拉通南缘四十里长山地区中生代脉岩的锆石 U-Pb 定年及成因初探

华北克拉通南缘四十里长山地区岩浆活动弱,仅发育中生代脉岩,因此缺乏对形成时代和岩浆作用的研究。本文依据四十里长山地区脉岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果和全岩元素地球化学分析确定其形成时代及成因。四十里长山地区脉岩由基性、酸性两个端元组成,按岩性可分为煌斑岩脉岩、花岗斑岩脉岩及正长岩类脉岩,其侵位年龄分别为：80.9±1.8 Ma、86.1±1.0 Ma和85.6±1.0 Ma,构成一套晚白垩世双峰式侵入岩组合。四十里长山地区基性煌斑岩起源于富集大陆岩石圈地幔的部分熔融岩浆,内含416 Ma左右的继承性锆石和偏钠质的煌斑岩,暗示了地幔源区含俯冲扬子陆壳的混入岩和软流圈地幔的改造;酸性脉岩属于A型花岗质岩石,起源于底侵的幔源基性岩浆诱发地壳物质部分熔融形成的壳源酸性岩浆以及它们的混合岩浆。中国东部乃至东北亚地区晚白垩世火成岩的空间展布特征证实,四十里长山地区双峰式脉岩的形成与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲作用相联系,其形成于类似弧后盆地的板内伸展环境。     

赣南遂川地区基性岩脉的性质及构造意义

文章以赣南遂川地区的基性岩脉为研究对象,通过野外地质观察和室内岩石学、地球化学以及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定分析,并对其岩石学、地球化学特征、形成时间、岩浆成因及构造环境等有关问题进行探讨。基性岩脉测年结果为446 Ma±6.6 Ma—422.3 Ma±7.3 Ma,属加里东晚期区域性伸展环境的产物。主、微量元素分析显示基性岩墙为拉斑碱性系列,属于富钠基性岩类;稀土配分曲线与地幔岩浆型稀土元素曲线模式相似,说明岩浆来源与地幔岩浆有密切关系。赣南存在加里东期的酸性和基性侵入岩,反映了地壳构造环境由早期挤压环境渐变为后期伸展环境的演化过程。     

冕山地区基性岩墙年代学及地球化学特征

扬子西缘冕山地区发育大量基性岩墙,高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,其侵位结晶于787~791Ma,属新元古代青白口纪岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,基性岩墙主量元素岩石具有高硅、高碱、富铁、低镁、偏铝质的特点,显示出拉斑玄武岩的特征。综合元素地球化学特征及构造环境判别研究表明,冕山地区基性岩墙形成于板内构造环境,是大陆地壳拉张、岩石圈减薄机制下上涌的软流圈地幔岩浆经历了不同程度的分离结晶和地壳部分混染作用而侵位的产物。     

北大巴山超基性、基性岩墙和碱质火山杂岩形成时代的新证据及其地质意义

北大巴山早古生代地层广泛出露一套超基性、基性岩墙和碱质火山杂岩(包括碱性玄武岩和粗面岩),为研究北大巴山早古生代构造演化提供了重要的载体。本文通过利用锆石U-Pb定年和金云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年方法对它们的形成时代进行了系统研究,结合地球化学特征探讨它们的成因及构造意义。通过对岚皋县和镇坪县的两个辉绿岩墙开展锆石U-Pb定年,分别获得它们的年龄为399±1Ma和451±4 Ma,是研究区目前已报道的有关超基性、基性岩墙最年轻和最老的就位时代。地球化学分析结果表明,它们的主量元素与区内其他基性岩墙位于同一演化趋势线上,微量和稀土元素地球化学特征相似,类似于OIB的特征,表明它们来自相同的地幔源区。因此,研究区内基性岩墙侵入事件最早开始于晚奥陶世中期(约450Ma),结束于早泥盆世晚期(约400 Ma),期间经历了多次岩浆侵入活动。对与碱性玄武岩共生的火山碎屑岩中金云母晶屑进行~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素定年,获得年龄446±3Ma,代表了火山喷发时间,表明碱性玄武质岩浆喷发活动与基性岩浆侵入事件大致同时发生。对粗面岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年虽未获得准确的岩浆结晶年龄,但较年轻锆石年龄(165±3Ma和229±2Ma)的存在,暗示其形成时代可能属于中生代。系统的年代学研究表明,北大巴山地区早古生代地层中的超基性、基性岩墙和碱性玄武质火山杂岩为同期岩浆活动的产物,最早开始于450Ma,经历了多期火山喷发和岩浆侵入活动(450~400 Ma),结束于早泥盆世晚期(~400Ma)。而粗面岩与上述岩石不是同一期岩浆活动产物,研究区不存在双峰式火成岩组合,它们可能形成于中生代,属于南秦岭中生代岩浆活动的产物,为南秦岭、北大巴山中生代成矿作用提供物源。     

四川冕宁基性岩墙的年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对四川冕宁地区的基性岩墙进行了年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究。主量元素特正和微量元素标准化图解显示,基性岩墙属于拉斑玄武岩系列,具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的特征,与峨眉山玄武岩为同源产物,存在密切的成因关系。微量元素示踪、Th/Hf-Ta/Hf判别图表明,冕宁基性岩墙具有地幔柱成因的特征,并遭受了轻微混染。基性岩墙锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果表明,岩墙形成年龄为256.7±4.3Ma,表明岩墙是峨眉山大火成岩省大规模岩浆作用晚期的产物。年龄测定结果还暗示了岩墙在约244Ma遭遇了一次变质事件,可能是岩浆热——机械侵蚀作用,以及印支运动诱发岩浆作用再次活跃的结果。     

塔里木板块东北部笔架山东基性-超基性岩体地球化学特征与岩石成因

笔架山东基性—超基性岩体位于塔里木板块东北部的新疆北山地区,是笔架山岩带中最东边的一个岩体,岩体形态为椭圆状,出露面积约5 km2.由含长单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉长岩、含橄辉长岩、辉长岩以及辉绿岩组成.含橄榄石较多的岩石属拉斑玄武岩系列,而辉长岩属钙碱性系列.岩相学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征表明岩浆演化过程中经历了橄榄石、辉石、斜长石的分离结晶作用.Nd、Sr、Pb同位素组成和岩石地球化学特征反映出岩浆与围岩之间存在物质交换.笔架山东岩体的岩浆源区为OIB型地幔源区,原生岩浆为高镁拉斑玄武岩浆[w(MgO)=11.2％],这些性质与塔里木板块东北部其他基性-超基性岩体的特征相似,表明塔里木板块东北部二叠纪基性—超基性岩体的源区主要为OIB型地幔,可能与地幔柱有关.     

辽阳河栏地区辽河群中变质基性熔岩的锆石U-Pb年龄与形成构造背景

在海城－草河口的北辽河群中分布大量变质基性火山岩和基性岩墙,其中辽阳河栏镇南部大石桥组中的基性火山岩保存有良好的枕状构造。这些变质枕状熔岩化学成分上低碱低钾富铁,具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩的特征,岩石稀土和微量元素特征指示变质枕状熔岩形成于与岛弧相关的构造背景,很可能是弧后盆地环境的产物,而非大陆裂谷。锆石年代学研究显示：变质枕状熔岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为（1 869±28） Ma;变辉绿岩墙的形成年龄为（1 828±13） Ma,并有一组~2 080 Ma的捕获锆石年龄;花岗伟晶岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（1 869.7±7.6） Ma。结合岩石的产出状态和前人研究资料:推测变质枕状熔岩形成年龄为~1 880 Ma,可以代表北大石桥组的形成时代;花岗伟晶岩的年龄为~1 860 Ma,可作为造山作用结束的标志;变基性岩墙为~1 830 Ma,可作为后造山伸展张裂的标志。     

闽西南E⁃MORB型基性岩墙成因:来自地球化学、锆石U⁃Pb年代学及Sr⁃Nd同位素证据

闽西南地区发育富集洋脊玄武岩（E-MORB）地球化学特征的基性岩墙,这对研究晚中生代中国东南部的构造岩浆作用具有重要指示意义.利用岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学等方法对早白垩世闽西南基性岩墙进行研究,岩墙以辉绿岩和角闪辉长辉绿岩为主,属于中-低钾岩石系列,Mg#值为55.80~66.38.锆石U-Pb年龄为117.4±3.8 Ma,为早白垩世晚期岩浆活动的产物.样品富集Rb、Ba、U、K、LREE等元素,无明显Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示出E-MORB的地球化学特征;（87Sr/86Sr）_i=0.706 50~0.710 19、ε_Nd（t）=-0.9~4.0,同位素Sr中等富集、Nd弱亏损.成岩过程有少量橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,无明显地壳混染作用.由于太平洋板块受南岭E-W向巨厚岩石圈的阻碍,导致板片下插速率与邻区产生差异,局部撕裂形成板片窗,软流圈地幔物质沿“窗口”上涌并卷裹起板片上的海洋沉积物,在上升中发生交代作用形成具有E-MORB特征的地幔岩.在早白垩世晚期的大陆拉张-陆内初始裂谷背景下,伴随软流圈上涌富集地幔岩发生部分熔融,形成的基性岩浆上侵形成了闽西南基性岩墙.      

大兴安岭南段三叠纪基性火山岩时代与构造环境

应用火山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMAS法和基质Ar-Ar法定年,表明大兴安岭南段存在三叠纪玄武质岩石,其年龄为214～250Ma。主量和微量元素地球化学反映三叠纪火山岩为亚碱性和低K拉斑玄武岩系列,部分岩石具岛弧火山岩地球化学性质,但主要呈造山后伸展环境下的岩浆活动特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成说明三叠纪基性火山岩岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔,但局部地区有软流圈物质加入;岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制,并有少量地壳物质的混染。综合研究表明三叠纪大兴安岭南段处于中亚造山带后造山伸展阶段,基性岩浆形成于软流圈上涌诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,拉斑玄武岩和辉绿玢岩脉即为伸张条件下基性岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文推测西拉木伦河-长春-延吉缝合带可能具有西段造山和造山后伸张作用稍早于东段的特征。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with