和田玉、玛纳斯碧玉和岫岩老玉（透闪石玉）的X射线粉晶衍射特征

软玉主要是指透闪石阳起石铁阳起石系列中的低铁富镁端员的隐晶矿物集合体,矿物的名称常以其Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)值来区分,即该比值大于0.9时为透闪石(和田玉),比值为0.9～0.5时为阳起石(玛纳斯玉).对于产于新疆、辽宁(岫岩老玉)和青海的17件软玉样品进行了X射线粉晶衍射分析,确定其主要矿物成分均为透闪石,杂质矿物很少,衍射峰位与FeO含量之间的关系不明显,衍射峰形的弥散反映组成矿物的结晶程度和粒度变化.     

和田玉、玛纳斯碧玉和岫岩老玉的产地特征

本文用电子探针研究了和田玉、玛纳斯碧玉和岫岩老玉的矿物成分,结果表明和田玉的主要矿物成分是透闪石,玛纳斯碧玉是阳起石,而岫岩老玉则由透闪石和阳起石组成,并论述了它们的产地特征.     

青海西部祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁铜多金属矿床的矽卡岩类型和矿物学特征

青海西部祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩型铁铜多金属矿床分布广泛,主要发育两类矽卡岩,即钙矽卡岩和锰质矽卡岩,少数矿区还有镁矽卡岩.钙矽卡岩的组成矿物主要有透辉石、钙铁辉石、钙铝-钙铁系列石榴石、绿帘石、阳起石和方柱石,常伴随Fe、Cu、Mo矿化,构成钙矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床或铜(钼)矿床,而锰质矽卡岩主要由锰钙铁辉石组成,含少量锰三...     

加拿大碧玉的矿物学研究

采用薄片观察、电子探针、红外光谱等测试手段,对加拿大碧玉进行了矿物学、宝石学、谱学特征和化学成分的研究。结果显示,加拿大碧玉的主要矿物组成为透闪石-阳起石,以阳起石为主;其中的绿色点状物为铬钙铝榴石,黑点为铬铁矿,水线为晚期透闪石。     

和田玉的物质组分和物理性质研究

和田玉属软玉类玉石,是透闪石矿物的集合体,也可称透闪石玉.白玉、青白玉和青玉是和田玉的主要品种.经电子探针分析,和田白玉、青白玉和青玉基本上由透闪石组成;透闪石主要由SiO2、MgO和CaO组成,含少量Al2O3、FeO、TiO2和MnO.玉石颜色主要与Fe2+、Ti4+、Mn2+的含量有关;具致密块状构造,扫描电子显微镜下显示毡毯状和显微交织结构,部分可见到显微粒状结构.和田玉中还含有少数杂质矿物.     

中国夕卡岩矿床中的角闪石

文章综合分析研究了中国21个夕卡岩矿床中的130个角闪石的成分分析数据。根据夕卡岩类型及其伴生金属矿化的不同，把角闪石分为4大类：钙夕卡岩中的角闪石多属钙角闪石，包括绿钙闪石、铁角闪石、镁绿钙闪石、铁浅闪石、阳起石、铁阳起石、铁镁钙闪石和铁韭闪石等；镁夕卡岩中的角闪石以透闪石为主，局部有浅闪石或韭闪石；锰质夕卡岩中的角闪石有锰质阳起石、锰质透闪石、锰直闪石和锰镁闪石；碱质夕卡岩中的角闪石属钠-钙角闪石或钠角闪石类，包括钠透闪石、镁亚铁钠闪石、亚铁钠闪石、镁铝钠闪石和镁钠闪石。碳酸盐围岩和有关侵入岩的成分对角闪石的类型、成分及其伴生金属矿化起重要的作用。     

辽宁弓长岭铁矿床二矿区类矽卡岩的岩石矿物学特征

辽宁弓长岭铁矿床二矿区是我国最重要的鞍山式沉积变质型富铁矿床.不同于鞍山-本溪地区其他贫铁矿床,弓长岭铁矿二矿区富铁矿体的附近分布有大量的类矽卡岩,这些类矽卡岩与富铁矿体具有密切的成因联系.本文在野外和岩相学研究的基础上,选择弓长岭二矿区类矽卡岩的岩相学、矿物学、矿物化学特征进行了研究.结果表明:类矽卡岩可分为石榴石岩、绿泥石岩、含石榴石绿泥石岩、含磁铁矿阳起石岩四种类型;类矽卡岩矿物中石榴石端员组分以铁铝榴石为主,角闪石属于钙角闪石系列中的透闪石,绿泥石属于蠕绿泥石.类矽卡岩和富铁矿是由热液交代改造磁铁贫矿形成的,二者是同一期热液活动的产物.     

红外光谱-拉曼光谱无损检测技术对透闪石和阳起石鉴定特征的研究

透闪石属于角闪石族矿物,与阳起石构成完全类质同象,有关透闪石和阳起石的红外光谱和拉曼光谱的特征差异还未见有报道。本文以外观特征相似的5件广西大化黑青色阳起石样品和2件新疆塔县青玉样品为研究对象,在前期矿物成分测试的基础下,采用红外光谱和拉曼光谱进行测试和对比分析。结果表明,阳起石的红外光谱和拉曼光谱都表现为闪石类矿物的特征峰,与透闪石的特征峰存在细微差异,漫反射红外光谱的差异特征是鉴别两者最准确、快速、无损的依据,并且适用于任意形状的样品,符合珠宝玉石饰品实验室检测领域的要求,可为和田玉的分类分级和产地鉴别等提供科学依据。按照GB/T 16552-2017与GB/T 16553-2017规定,广西大化黑青色阳起石可定名为和田玉。     

新疆和田地区大理岩型和田玉的形成及致色因素探讨

采集阿拉玛斯和田玉山料和喀拉喀什河(墨玉河)的和田玉样品,利用显微镜和背散射图像、电子探针等研究手段,结合以往全岩数据对和田玉的形成和致色因素进行了综合分析。研究发现,除透闪石以外,和田玉中还含有大量的绿帘石、透辉石、绿泥石、锆石、磷灰石、尖晶石、石榴石、重晶石、阳起石、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、石墨、方解石和氢氧化铁等多种副矿物; Cr、Ni含量(100×10-6)及Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)-Si投点显示这些样品均属于大理岩型软玉(和田玉)。全岩及其微区成分分析结果显示,从白玉(TFe_2O_3=0. 33%～1. 42%)、青白玉(TFe_2O_3=0. 43%～0. 96%)至青玉(TFe_2O_3=0. 77%～3. 97%),TFe_2O_3含量逐渐增加,而且所有样品的Cr和Ni含量都分别低于60×10-6和20×10-6,说明从白玉、青白玉至青玉,颜色的加深与透闪石中铁元素含量逐渐增加有关。墨玉的颜色主要与透闪石集合体中的石墨和Fe(OH)3等细脉大量出现有关。为深入研究和田玉的致色因素,同时采集了加拿大的碧玉样品进行对比,发现同样主要为透闪石组成的加拿大碧玉,除Fe外,还含有大量的Cr元素(1 400×10-6～5 100×10-6),碧玉的颜色鲜艳与透闪石C位中含有0. 01～0. 03 a. p. f. u.的Cr有关,而和田玉中Cr含量较低,在C位中几乎为0。通过野外观察和岩相学分析认为,含和田玉的镁质矽卡岩的形成经历了接触变质、接触交代变质和硫化物阶段,主要通过交代镁质大理岩、透辉石、绿帘石等矿物形成,而和田玉的主要形成机制是多期次的细粒透闪石交代粗粒透闪石。     

贵州罗甸软玉矿的发现及岩石矿物学特征

贵州省境内近期发现了新玉石矿,玉石以白-浅绿色为主,偶见糖色、青色,多呈蜡状-弱油脂光泽。通过对采自该矿玉石样品的镜下观察,配合FTIR及XRD等大型仪器分析,确定其主要为透闪石矿物所组成的矿物集合体,与新疆和田玉基本一致。SEM观测结果揭示,该矿软玉中透闪石矿物主要呈纤维状、柱状和片状变晶结构,晶粒(片)粒度小,结构致密。其中具纤维状交织结构的软玉质地最为细腻,质量较好,与新疆和田玉相似度较高。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an