双聚防塌冲洗液体系在GHW2井中的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡GHW2井是在陕西府谷庙沟门施工的一口页岩气探井,地层主要为千5、盒8、山西组、太原组、本溪组,钻进过程中坍塌掉块、破碎严重。针对现场破碎、坍塌掉块及水敏性地层钻探遇到的主要难题,研制了双聚防塌冲洗液体系。该体系具有护壁性、抑制性和胶结性。通过在GHW2井中的应用,取得了较好的护壁、护心效果,有效地保证了该项目的顺利施工。     

硅酸盐聚乙稀醇冲洗液在新疆砂岩性铀矿钻探中的应用

分析并研究了硅酸盐聚合物冲洗液体系的作用机理,配制了一套专门针对砂岩性铀矿岩心钻探中复杂地层孔段长、极易引发多种孔内事故的冲洗液体系。生产实践证明,该冲洗液体系完全能够满足绳索取心钻进工艺各项性能要求,并在对付砂岩性复杂地层方面具有良好的效果。     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区新苏地1井冲洗液护壁堵漏工艺

塔里木盆地柯坪地区地质调查井钻探工程项目新苏地1井,位于塔里木盆地阿瓦提凹陷沙井子构造带上,该构造带地层倾角大、胶结性差、破碎严重,井壁稳定性差。钻遇地层岩性主要为泥岩、砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、灰岩、白云岩、含泥云岩、石英片岩等,存在多处垮塌和漏失井段。现场采用聚合物防塌冲洗液体系,较好地解决了地层破碎、坍塌掉块等复杂问题,该体系具有抑制性强、胶结性好,在整井的施工中取得了较好的护壁堵漏应用效果,保证了项目的顺利实施。     

新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液研究及应用

针对松散覆盖层、强风化破碎层取心率低,岩心松散破碎,孔壁稳定性差等问题,进行了以天然植物胶为主原料的处理剂复配改性研究和冲洗液优化配方研究。主要研究方法是通过有机聚合物和无机交联剂的作用,对羟丙基瓜尔胶(GRJ)进行交联改性,以此获得新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液优化配方,并进行了现场应用。应用效果表明,该冲洗液密度低,粘度可调范围大,流变性和润滑性好,成膜护心、护壁作用强,完全满足第四系覆盖层、胶结差的砂卵石层和强风化破碎地层取心钻进要求。      

甘肃武威盆地页岩气“武页1井”成膜低固相冲洗液的应用

“武页1井”是甘肃省地质调查院实施的一口页岩气基础地质条件调查井,主要目的是为了查明页岩层段的分布。地层岩性主要为泥岩、砂岩、页岩、碳质板岩、灰岩。浅层倾角大、胶结性差、破碎、井壁强度低。现场采用成膜低固相冲洗液体系,解决了地层破碎、坍塌掉块和水敏性钻探施工难题,体系具有护壁性、抑制性和胶结性。使用中取得了较好的效果,保证了该项目的顺利施工。     

植物胶冲洗液在寨上金矿区钻探中的应用

针对寨上金矿区钻探中存在的坍塌、缩径等钻孔护壁难题,在采用多种冲洗液无效的情况下,试验应用了植物胶低固相冲洗液,成功地解决了该矿区钻探钻孔护壁难题。分析了矿区钻探护壁困难的原因,介绍了冲洗液应用技术。     

河坝井田复杂地层钻探施工技术难点及对策

为了解决四川叙永河坝煤田勘探复杂地层钻进施工中的技术难点问题,对钻探施工中遇到的复杂地层情况进行分析,介绍了该地区地层特点、钻孔结构、冲洗液类型、护壁堵漏技术及新工艺技术的应用等,保证了该地区钻探施工的顺利实施。     

宁夏灵武幅、磁窑堡幅综合地质调查LS01孔冲洗液护壁技术

宁夏灵武幅、磁窑堡幅综合地质调查LS01孔设计深度800 m,钻探过程中钻遇200余米第四系未胶结松散地层,主要有砾石（漂砾）—粗砂—中砂—细砂互层,钻孔护壁难度大,容易发生掉块、塌孔事故,取心困难;进入第三系钻遇清水营组紫红色泥岩,地层造浆且易打滑;进入白垩系宜君组,钻遇365.91 m的破碎砾岩,地层松散破碎,钻进过程易卡钻,回转阻力大,回次进尺少,进尺慢。根据类似钻孔施工资料及地层情况最终采用成膜护壁冲洗液,钻进过程中穿过多层复杂地层,成膜护壁冲洗液在破碎砾岩孔段起到了很好的护壁效果,没有出现掉块、塌孔事故;岩心采取率满足地质设计要求,全孔平均采取率达到95.89%;节约了套管下入深度,终孔深度800 m,终孔口径124.00 mm。     

西藏尼玛盆地超2000m油气调查井施工技术实践

尼1井为油气调查井,完钻深度2001.10 m,该井为西藏地区最深小口径地质岩心钻井。通过对施工设备选型、钻井结构设计、取心工艺、冲洗液护壁及钻遇复杂地层处理方案等进行论述,总结在高海拔地区钻探施工经验,分析存在的不足,为今后西藏该地区钻探施工提供一定的参考。     

植物胶类冲洗液在地质灾害防治勘察工程中的应用

长期研究和生产实践表明，在地质灾害勘察工程的复杂地层进行钻探取心，特别是深厚砂卵石覆盖层取心，采用植物胶类无固相冲洗液往往会收到很好的效果。文章简要地论述了植物胶冲洗液在地质灾害防治勘察工程中具有的特殊功效。在实践及应用的基础上提出了提高取心率应控制的主要性能。即亲水性与可溶性、粘结性、降失水性、流变性及润滑性等。特别强调浆液粘弹性及表面张力的控制是提高松散破碎地层取心的重要因素。现场应用表明，KL植物胶冲洗液，护壁效果好，取芯质量好。无毒无污染，是一种能适应松散破碎地层钻进，提高取芯质量的新型钻进冲洗液体系。完全可以在地质灾害勘察工程中推广应用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an