弧形防波堤波浪力试验研究

在圆筒形防波堤和V形防波堤的基础上,结合离岸堤后形成V形和半圆形连续出现的韵律海岸的地貌平面形态特点,提出一种前墙为连续的半圆筒形防波堤形式。通过在波浪水槽内进行规则波物理模型试验,探究这一新型防波堤的波压力分布规律及波高、周期、水深等因素对波压力的影响。将试验结果与海港水文公式和合田良实公式计算的理论值对比分析,给出了以合田良实公式的折减系数来拟合新型弧形防波堤波浪总水平力的计算公式。结果表明:新型弧形防波堤上的波压力随波高、周期的增大而增大,其水平波浪总力比同等尺度直墙少10%左右。     

深水斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算方法研究

通过物理模型试验研究中国《海港水文规范》(JTJ213-98)中斜坡式防波堤顶部胸墙波浪力计算公式在深水情况下的适用性.试验测量4种不同水深波浪作用下斜坡堤顶部胸墙的波浪力和作用高度.通过对胸墙迎浪面的波浪压强分布、总水平作用力和波浪作用高度的试验结果与《海港水文规范》结果的对比分析,发现胸墙迎浪面的实测波压分布不同于规范采用的均匀分布;规范计算得到的总水平力和波浪作用高度均小于实测值.本文改进规范中斜坡堤胸墙波浪力计算方法,使其更适用于深水堤顶部胸墙受力计算.     

斜向波与带填料开孔板式防波堤相互作用的研究

基于线性势流理论,对斜向波与消浪室内带部分填料的开孔板式防波堤结构的相互作用进行了理论研究.利用匹配特征函数展开法给出了开孔防波堤结构反射系数和波浪力系数的理论计算方法,在极限情况下的计算结果与已有结果一致.利用数值算例分析了开孔结构反射系数和波浪力系数的主要影响因素.增加消浪室内填料厚度通常可以降低开孔墙结构的波浪力系数,加大结构的反射系数.随着波浪入射角度的增加,带填料防波堤结构的反射系数值先减小,达到最小值后又单调增加.     

港池泊稳的能量平衡方程数值模拟

对基于能量平衡方程的多向随机波浪传播数学模型进行改进,通过模拟不同防波堤绕射引起的港池泊稳,验证模型的合理性和有效性。利用非线性弥散关系提高模型计算浅水变形的精度;采用二次逆风差分格式离散控制方程,避免了加入绕射项引起的数值耗散;并将文氏谱加入模型中,使其更加适合中国海域的工程应用。应用改进后模型绘制的双突堤和岛式防波堤绕射系数图与我国《海港水文规范》图进行了对比。对比结果十分接近,可以较好地描述港池的泊稳状况,为综合计算波浪在近岸的浅水变形、折射、绕射、反射和能量耗散等作用奠定了基础。     

圆弧面防波堤波浪力初步研究

圆弧面防波堤是在半圆形防波堤基础上开发的一种新型防波堤。首先通过与半圆形防波堤相同条件下的波浪试验,检验圆弧面防波堤的稳定性,并利用数值波浪水槽对圆弧面防波堤的水力特性进行初步研究,探求造成圆弧面防波堤与半圆形防波堤波浪力差别的主要原因。通过圆弧面防波堤与半圆形防波堤波浪力的对比试验,提出了圆弧面防波堤波浪力的简化计算方法,以半圆堤正向水平波浪力乘以一修正系数,在堤顶淹没情况下修正系数可取1.3,在堤顶出水情况下修正系数可取1.1。     

近岸波、流作用下结构物附近海岸演变的数值模拟

针对与砂质海岸在波浪作用下的演变有关的波浪、近岸流及输沙问题进行了系统的研究,并对结构物附近海岸演变进行了数值模拟。考虑了波浪折射-绕射及波浪破碎的综合作用,在近岸流场的模拟中用沿水深积分形成的K方程模型确定涡粘系数。计算岸滩地形变化时,综合波浪、近岸流作用的底沙和悬沙输沙率,并考虑波浪对泥沙作用的影响。模型对防波堤和近岸沉船附近地形变化进行了模拟,效果良好。     

日本混合式防波堤的经验

回顾了日本防波堤建造的历史，根据波浪力和防波堤稳定性讨论了当今混合式防波堤的设计方法。现在日本的混合式防波堤的设计技术是上来该领域经验和实际研究的鼎盛时期。对于混合式防波堤的绝大部分情况，能够精确地计算出设计波浪力的Ｇｏｄａ公式成了防波堤设计的极好工具，在某些情况下，由于波施于皮波堤上部直墙断面上的冲击压力非常大，因此在进行防波堤设计时必须予以考虑。要采用能够消散波浪力的混凝土块体覆盖在混合式防波     

港内波浪要素计算方法研究

为分析不同计算方法在推算港内波要素中的适用性,分别采用JTS 145-2-2013《海港水文规范》计算方法和数学模型计算方法计算了防波堤为单突堤、双突堤和岛式堤三种典型布置型式的港内波浪.将计算结果与物理模型试验结果进行了对比,分析了不同布置型式时3种方法得到的结果之间的差异性,给出了在计算不同防波堤布置型式下的港内波浪要素时上述3种方法的适用程度.     

深水斜坡堤胸墙波浪力研究进展

总结了近年来在斜坡堤胸墙前波浪破碎形态、波浪作用分布、胸墙受力设计等方面研究的进展,分析了斜坡堤上胸墙波浪力的计算方法。已有研究工作表明,深水情况下斜坡堤胸墙波浪作用分布与传统的均布形式有差异,《海港水文规范》中关于斜坡堤胸墙波浪力的计算方法在深水中的适用性应进一步研究。     

直立式防波堤迎浪面波压力计算研究

以Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,使用VOF方法追踪自由液面,由连续性方程和动量方程推导出源函数。基于非线性波浪理论和UDF对FLUENT进行二次开发,在数值水槽的各个功能区将不同的源项添加到动量方程中,实现动量源造波和消波的功能。此法可以有效地消除波浪在水槽出流边界的反射及波浪遇到结构物后在入射边界形成的二次反射,从而得到稳定的波动场。本文将这种方法应用于直墙防波堤上波浪压力的数值模拟,分析了造波和消波的有效性,对直立式防波堤波浪力进行了数值研究。为了得到更精确的结果,采用结构化网格和非结构化网格相结合,在直墙防波堤附近使用三角形网格,在其他区域使用四边形结构化网格,为了较好地捕捉自由液面,在液面上下一个波高的范围内对网格进行加密。将计算结果与二阶stokes波理论解进行对比,该方法计算结果与理论解一致,表明该方法能够产生历时较长的稳定的非线性规则波浪,能够很好地吸收波浪遇到建筑物产生的反射波,可以有效消除建筑物反射波的影响,为实际工程方案的设计提供参考,有较高的实用价值。通过计算得到极端高水位,设计高水位,设计低水位时候的各个测点的最大正向波压力和最大负向波压力,并将计算结果与物理模型试验数据和经验公式结果进行对比,结果吻合较好。并且由于该数值方法可以考虑防波堤迎浪面不同倾角的工况,其适应范围比经验公式范围更广,因此可以为海岸结构设计提供依据。     

The theoretical study on diagonal wave interaction with perforated-wall breakwater with rock fill

The interaction of diagonal waves with perforated-wall breakwater partially filled with rock fill is studied using the linear potential theory. By means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method, an analytical method is presented to calculate the reflection coefficient and the wave force coefficient of the breakwater. The calculated results of the reflection coefficient for limiting cases are the same to the existing results. The main effect factors of the reflection coefficient and the wave force coefficient are analyzed by numerical examples. With the increasing of thickness of rock fill, the wave force coefficient on the perforated wall generally decreases, while the reflection coefficient increases. With the increasing of the incident angle of the wave, the reflection coefficient of the breakwater first decreases, reaches its minimum, and then increases monotonously.     

Numerical simulation of solitary wave scattering by a circular cylinder array

The interaction of a solitary wave with an array of surface-piercing vertical circular cylinders is investigated numerically. The wave motion is modeled by a set of generalized Boussinesq equations. The governing equations are discretized using a finite element method. The numerical model is validated against the experimental data of solitary wave reflection from a vertical wall and solitary wave scattering by a vertical circular cylinder respectively. The predicted wave surface elevation and the wave forces on the cylinder agree well with the experimental data. The numerical model is then employed to study solitary wave scattering by arrays of two circular cylinders and four circular cylinders respectively. The effect of wave direction on the wave forces and the wave runup on the cylinders is quantified.     

Wave interaction with a wave absorbing double curtain-wall breakwater

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of a wave absorbing double curtain-wall breakwater. The breakwater consists of a seaward perforated wall and a shoreward impermeable wall. Both walls extend from above the seawater to some distance above the seabed. Then the below gap allows the seawater exchange, the sediment transport and the fish passage. By means of the eigenfunction expansion method and a least square approach, a linear analytical solution is developed for the interaction of water waves with the breakwater. Then the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the wave forces acting on the walls are calculated. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases agree very well with previous predictions for a single partially immersed impermeable wall, the double partially immersed impermeable walls and the bottom-standing Jarlan-type breakwater. The predicted reflection coefficients for the present breakwater also agree reasonable with previous experimental results. Numerical results show that with appropriate structure parameters, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the breakwater may be both below 0.5 at a wide range of the relative water depth. At the same time, the magnitude of wave force acting on each wall is small. This is significant for practical engineering.     

不同间距大直径圆筒防波堤波压力试验研究

通过开展物理模型试验,进行不规则波作用下不同间距大直径圆筒防波堤的波峰压力分布规律研究,分析了圆筒相对间距、相对水深、波陡等主要影响因素对圆筒波压力的影响规律,并通过波压力试验值与各家理论公式计算值的比较,进行不同间距圆筒波压力的计算方法研究。基于直立墙结构和大尺度孤立墩柱结构波压力公式给出修正系数以及横向衰减函数的拟合公式,用以计算圆筒周身不同位置处的波压力,从而为工程设计和理论研究提供参考。     

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wave Forces on A Partially-Perforated Caisson Breakwater with A Rock-Filled Core

1.IntroductionVertical breakwaters are widely used for harbor and coastline protection in coastal engineering.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used in practice as they can effectively reduce thewaveforces actingon,the wave reflectionfromand…     

带横隔板局部开孔沉箱在斜向波作用下的受力研究

基于线性势流假定,对斜向波作用下带横隔板局部开孔沉箱防波堤的水平波浪力进行了理论研究。给出了开孔沉箱法向水平力和横隔板受力的理论计算方法,在极限情况下波浪力的计算结果与文献中的已有结果一致。利用数值算例分析了开孔沉箱总水平力的主要影响因素。开孔沉箱法向总水平力的减小主要集中于结构上半部分波浪影响范围以内。增加单个开孔沉箱的长度有利于减小结构所受总水平波浪力。当波浪入射角或沉箱前开孔墙孔隙影响系数幅值较大时,开孔沉箱横隔板上总水平力的最大值要超过相应的沉箱法向总水平力,此时要注意横隔板的强度问题。     

Numerical investigation on the dynamics of a vertical wall defenced by an offshore breakwater

The numerical and experimental investigations on the performance of an offshore-submerged breakwater in reducing the wave forces and wave run-up on vertical wall are presented. A two-dimensional finite-element model is employed to study the hydrodynamic performance of the submerged breakwater under the action of regular and random waves. The numerical prediction has been supported with experimental measurements. The wave forces and wave run-up on the vertical wall were measured for different breakwater configurations. The applicability of linear theoretical model in the prediction of wave forces on the wall by a submerged breakwater has been discussed.     

Wave drift enhancement effects in multi column structures

A theoretical assessment is made of mean wave drift forces on groups of vertical circular cylinders, such as the columns of a floating offshore platform. A complete analytical solution is obtained for two cylinders extending from seabed to free surface, and a long wave approximation is found to provide reliable predictions of the drift force in line with the waves at low frequencies. For moderate separation between the two cylinders, this force is found to tend at low frequencies to a value four times the force on an isolated cylinder.A numerical method is employed to study two surface piercing cylinders truncated below the free surface, and an arrangement of four vertical cylinders characteristic of a floating offshore platform. The mean vertical drift force is found to be reasonably well approximated, over the frequency range of practical interest, by the force on an individual cylinder considered in isolation multiplied by the number of cylinders in the group. Interaction effects, however, have a profound influence on the total horizontal drift force. At low frequencies this force is found to tend to the force on an isolated cylinder multiplied by the squate of the number of cylinders in the group.