半潜式钻井平台复合锚泊系统组分配比优化设计

从提高锚泊系统收放时效性入手,提出了一种半潜式钻井平台复合式锚泊系统组分配比优化设计方法,旨在尽可能降低复合式锚泊系统的钢链配比长度,提高收放效率。结合锚泊系统设计参数,制定优化设计准则,建立优化分析流程,采用ANSYS-AQWA建立锚泊定位半潜式平台水动力分析模型,获得平台运动参数和锚链动力参数,对平台漂移量、锚链最小安全系数、走锚临界张力、锚链最小卧底长度和起锚力进行无量纲指标分析,并综合考虑张力倾角与预张力对优化结果的影响,获得复合式锚泊系统钢链与钢缆的最优配比关系,确定最优钢链长度为395 m,较原钢链长度缩短225 m,钢链收放时间降低36%,进一步提高锚泊系统收放时效性,并降低平台可变荷载。     

考虑内流作用的钢悬链线立管动力特性分析

考虑内流的作用,研究钢悬链线立管动力特性。采用细长柔性杆模型,建立内流作用下钢悬链线立管运动方程,运用有限元法进行离散,通过求解动力特性方程得到立管的固有频率和模态,基于Matlab平台编写相应计算程序,探讨内流流速、顶张力和顶端压强对钢悬链线立管动力特性的影响。结果表明:随着内流流速的增加,立管的固有频率降低,高阶模态的反转点向立管底端移动;随着顶张力的增加,立管的固有频率增加,高阶模态的反转点向立管顶部移动;随着管内顶端压强的增加,立管的固有频率降低。     

锚泊辅助动力定位系统推力器故障模式影响分析

锚泊辅助动力定位是将锚泊定位和动力定位相结合的一种新型位置控制系统。以某深水半潜式钻井平台为例,通过时域模拟分析了两个推力器失效模式对平台锚泊辅助动力定位系统定位精度、功率消耗及缆绳张力的影响。分析结果可以看出,深水作业时平台同一配电板上两推力器失效对平台水平偏移有很大影响,可通过减小或取消失效推力器相邻推力器的禁止角及拉紧迎风缆并松弛背风缆的方法来减小平台偏移,节约功耗,为动力定位系统的故障模式与影响分析提供了参考。     

海洋环境荷载下输液立管的静、动力特性研究

考虑管内流动流体和管外海洋环境荷载共同作用 ,建立海洋立管侧向运动微分方程。用Hermite插值函数离散 ,在微机上编写海洋立管静、动力分析程序 ,通过计算分析研究管内流体对立管侧向变形和应力的作用 ;另外 ,探讨管内流体的流动速度和立管顶端的预张力对立管动力特性的影响。结果表明 ,立管变形和应力均随管内流体流动速度增加而增大 ,同时内流速度的增大会降低立管的固有频率 ,但适当增大立管顶端预张力会抵消内流流速增加引起的固有频率下降。     

深水Spar钻井生产储卸油平台涡激运动及其影响研究

针对应用于中国南海的新型深水Spar钻井生产储卸油平台进行了涡激运动特性与影响的研究。对该平台进行涡激运动拖曳试验,根据规范和动力学分析得出平台的拖曳力系数和升力系数,通过比较南海流速分布情况与平台涡激运动与流速关系发现:该平台在一般海况下即可发生幅值为10 m左右的涡激运动;对平台进行水池模型试验,进一步验证涡激运动拖曳试验结果并分析平台运动性能,对平台受到的脉冲拖曳力和升力载荷进行了初步校验。通过模型试验对平台涡激运动特性有了初步认识,发现在百年一遇条件下,平台脉动拖曳力载荷与升力载荷比为1∶3;一年一遇条件下,平台脉动拖曳力载荷与升力载荷比为1∶1。根据试验结果对数值模型进行了修正并与试验值进行比较,比较结果表明经过修正后的计算结果与试验结果取得了良好的一致性。比较了全尺度下涡激运动对于平台系泊系统和平台水平位移的影响,结果表明:涡激运动的存在使得Inline方向系泊张力增加5%,并使得系泊缆受力分布产生变化,位移增加27%;Between line方向张力增加15%,位移增加2.5%。涡激运动对于平台极限张力以及极限漂移出现方向还有待进一步研究。涡激运动对于平台系泊系统疲劳寿命的影响还需进一步研究。     

深海浮式结构物锚泊阻尼参数研究

阐述了锚泊阻尼定义以及当前各种研究方法,选取一组用于实际工程中的锚泊线参数.通过改变预张力、振幅、振荡频率、轴向刚度、法向拖曳力系数和表面流速等参数,研究各参数对锚泊水平阻尼及垂向阻尼的影响.为使研究一般化,文中锚泊阻尼以及预张力等参数采取无量纲形式.     

海洋输流立管耦合动力分析

综合考虑黏性内流以及立管轴向和流向的耦合效应等多种因素对立管动力响应的影响,基于Hamilton原理推导得出海洋立管耦合振动方程,采用Galerkin法进行数值求解。首先分析波流载荷与平台运动联合激励和仅在平台运动作用下立管动力响应的差异,然后讨论黏性内流和顶部张力对立管动力特性和响应峰值的影响。计算结果表明:波流与平台运动耦合作用和仅在平台运动作用下的立管各阶振动模态和振动峰值存在明显差异,波浪和海流对立管的直接作用不可忽略;内流运动黏性会改变立管振型峰值,立管流向一阶固有频率随内流流速增大而减小,流向和垂向振动峰值分别随之增加和减小,但这种影响很有限,且可以通过增大立管顶部预张力来抵消。     

非金属柔性立管在海洋潮流下的动力响应特性研究

针对海洋柔性立管在服役期间,整体性能和运动响应受潮流影响较大的问题,本文在海上试验的基础上,采用OrcaFlex对长细比为448的非金属柔性立管模型进行了数值模拟。研究了潮流作用下,流速和流向的改变对于非金属柔性立管受力情况、涡激振动(VIV)响应特性和控制模态的影响。研究结果表明:潮流流向对立管顶张力、曲率和立管整体VIV响应有着显著影响,随着流速增加呈现不同变化规律。柔性立管悬垂段在高流速下更容易激发高阶模态,并呈现出明显的行波特性;立管的悬挂点和触底点为危险区域,随着流向改变易发生疲劳破坏。研究结果对海洋柔性立管总体布置设计具有参考意义。     

深水浮式平台垂荡运动与水下柔性立管涡激振动的动力耦合

基于有限元数值模拟,进行了"平台垂荡-顶张力立管涡激振动"整体系统的动响应数值模拟。动响应模型考虑了立管尾迹流场的水动力与结构动力的耦合和垂荡引起的立管结构刚度的时变特性;分析了平台垂荡运动的频率、模态阶数等因素对水下顶张力立管涡激振动的影响。数值结果表明:与不考虑平台运动相比,立管的动响应位移会增大;立管响应幅值随着模态阶数的降低而增大;在响应过程中,尤其对于低阶模态,会出现响应的模态转换现象。鉴于在平台垂荡和涡激振动的共同作用下,立管的动响应会大于涡激振动、参数激励分别单独作用的响应,建议在立管实际工程设计中应该考虑平台运动和涡激振动耦合激励作用下的结构动响应。     

吸力锚基础锚泊线准静力分析模型

随着海洋工程中吸力锚基础尺寸的增大,在系泊系统设计时必须考虑锚泊线切入土体段对整体设计的影响.建立了一种新的基于坐标轴划分微段的准静力分析模型,该模型包括锚泊线切入土体段与水中悬浮段两部分,无需给定锚泊线的初始长度.计算预张状态和工作条件下的锚泊线构形与张力分布,得到锚泊线顶端张力与浮体水平偏移特性曲线,分别对不同预张力和布置沉子对锚泊线状态的影响进行研究,并分析考虑锚泊线切入土体段的必要性.     

Dynamic Analysis of Semi-Submersible Production Platform Under the Failure of Mooring Lines

This paper quantitatively studies the transient dynamic response of a semi-submersible production platform with the loss of one or several positioning mooring lines.A semi-submersible platform,production risers,and positioning mooring lines are all included in the numerical simulation.Increased motion of the semi-submersible platform,tension variation of the remaining mooring lines/risers and the risk of mooring line or riser clashing are all investigated through fully coupled time-domain analysis.Combined environmental loads are selected from irregular waves and the steady current varying from very rough to extreme sea conditions.Three dimension radiation/diffraction theories and Morison’s equation are applied to calculate first-order wave force and second-order mean drift force of floating semi-submersible platform.Nonlinear time-domain finite element methods are employed to analyze the behavior of mooring lines and risers.Results show that the failure of mooring lines seriously reduce the platform’s stability performance.The tension of the rest lines is also increased accordingly.Remaining lines which are closer to the failed lines will have larger tension increase to compensate.Line-Line distance provides practical information for the risk of clashing investigation.     

深海SPAR平台系泊系统耦合动力分析

随着海洋石油向深水领域的拓展,SPAR平台以其诸多优点逐渐成为海上油气生产的主流设施。主要研究SPAR与系泊系统间的耦合响应问题,在讨论了浮体在波浪中运动求解方法之后,阐述了如何利用非线性有限元技术对系泊缆索和立管进行动力分析和张力计算,以及浮体与系泊系统耦合计算的相关理论,对浮体和系泊系统耦合计算模型进行了描述。通过对某SPAR进行系泊系统耦合计算和对计算结果的讨论,证明了深海SPAR系泊系统耦合计算的正确性。     

Time and frequency domain coupled analysis of deepwater floating production systems

The dynamic analysis of a deepwater floating structure is complicated by the fact that there can be significant coupling between the dynamics of the floating vessel and the attached risers and mooring lines. Furthermore, there are significant nonlinear effects, such as geometric nonlinearities, drag forces, and second order (slow drift) forces on the vessel, and for this reason the governing equations of motion are normally solved in the time domain. This approach is computationally intensive, and the aim of the present work is to develop and validate a more efficient linearized frequency domain approach. To this end, both time and frequency domain models of a coupled vessel/riser/mooring system are developed, which each incorporate both first and second order motions. It is shown that the frequency domain approach yields very good predictions of the system response when benchmarked against the time domain analysis, and the reasons for this are discussed. It is found that the linearization scheme employed for the drag forces on the risers and mooring lines yields a very good estimate of the resulting contribution to slow drift damping.     

Tension and Drag Forces of Flexible Risers Undergoing Vortex-Induced Vibration

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the variation in the tension and the distribution of drag force coefficients along flexible risers under vortex-induced vibration (VIV) in a uniform flow for Reynolds numbers (Re) up to 2.2×10⁵. The results show that the mean tension is proportional to the square of the incoming current speed, and the tension coefficient of a flexible riser undergoing VIV can be up to 12. The mean drag force is uniformly and symmetrically distributed along the axes of the risers undergoing VIV. The corresponding drag coefficient can vary between 1.6 and 2.4 but is not a constant value of 1.2, as it is for a fixed cylinder in the absence of VIV. These experimental results are used to develop a new empirical prediction model to estimate the drag force coefficient for flexible risers undergoing VIV for Reynolds number on the order of 10⁵, which accounts for the effects of the incoming current speed, the VIV dominant modal number and the frequency.     

The effect of nonlinear multi-contact coupling with gap between risers and guide frames on global spar motion analysis

Nonlinear multi-contact coupling between vertical risers and guide frames inside the spar moon-pool is studied. The existing numerical model for hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamics analysis treats riser as an elastic rod truncated at the keel (truncated riser model), and the risers are free to slide in vertical direction with constant tension, while restricted in horizontal direction. The truncated riser model neglects the portion of the riser inside the moon-pool and tends to overestimate the spar pitch motion. In the newly developed model, the risers are extended through the moon-pool with realistic boundary conditions at multiple guide frames, and thus additional contact forces and moments on the spar hull are considered. The gap effects between the riser buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames are also modeled using three different types of gap springs. Their different dynamic characteristics are extensively studied. The new riser model also considers the Coulomb damping between buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames and also allows the impact-like contact force calculation on risers for ensuring fatigue analysis.     

Transient effects of tendon disconnection of a TLP by hull–tendon–riser coupled dynamic analysis

This paper deals with a numerical study of the transient effect of tendon disconnection on global performance of an extended tension leg platform (ETLP) during harsh environmental conditions of Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The ETLP has twelve tendons with twelve production top-tensioned risers (TTRs) and one drilling riser. The risers are attached by hydro-pneumatic tensioners. A time-domain nonlinear global-motion-analysis program for floating hulls coupled with risers/mooring lines is developed to model the transient effects associated with tendon disconnection at the top or the bottom. The sudden disconnection of one or more tendons causes the change of stiffness and natural periods, the imbalance of forces and moments of the total system, and possibly large transient overshoots in tension at the moment of disconnection. The breakage at the top and the unlatch at the bottom also make different impacts on the system. The transient responses and tensions are compared and discussed in the viewpoint of the robustness of the system. The survivability of a TLP with the loss of one or two tendons by accident during a lesser-than-extreme environment can also be checked by this kind of time-domain simulation technique.     

Hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamic analysis and sensitivity study of a tanker-based FPSO

A computer program is developed for hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamic analysis of a tanker-based turret-moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) in waves, winds, and currents. In this computer program, the floating body is modeled as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom. The first- and second-order wave forces, added mass, and radiation damping at various yaw angles are calculated from the second-order diffraction/radiation panel program WAMIT. The wind and current forces for various yaw angles of FPSO are modeled following the empirical method suggested by OCIMF (Oil Company International Marine Forum).

The mooring/riser dynamics are modeled using a rod theory and finite element method (FEM), with the governing equations described in a generalized coordinate system. The dynamics of hull, mooring lines, and risers are solved simultaneously at each time step in a combined matrix for the specified connection condition. For illustration, semi-taut chain-steel wire-chain mooring lines and steel catenary risers are employed and their effects on global FPSO hull motions are investigated. To better understand the physics related to the motion characteristics of a turret-moored FPSO, the role of various hydrodynamic contributions is analyzed and assessed including the effects of hull and mooring/riser viscous damping, second-order difference-frequency wave-force quadratic transfer functions, and yaw-angle dependent wave forces and hydrodynamic coefficients. To see the effects of hull and mooring/riser coupling and mooring/riser damping more clearly, the case with no drag forces on those slender members is also investigated. The numerical results are compared with MARIN's wave basin experiments.     

半潜式支持平台系泊系统的设计方法及应用

系泊系统是半潜式支持平台抵抗恶劣海洋环境作用、限制平台偏移、实现海上定位的重要设备，辐射状多点系泊是常用的布置方式。针对该平台系泊系统开展了设计方法和分析流程研究，阐述了系泊系统配置设计，包括系泊缆的数量、抛出长度、单根系泊缆的刚度、直径、破断负荷、定位锚的型式、最大抓力等；系泊系统的布置设计，包括系泊缆之间的水平夹角、系泊绞车、导缆器、定位锚的位置等；同时归纳风载荷、流载荷以及波浪慢漂载荷的常用估算方法；总结适用于该类平台系泊系统设计的规范要求。将上述方法和流程应用于某型半潜式支持平台系泊系统的开发和设计，采用系泊定位分析程序MIMOSA对该系统的定位能力进行分析，研究了系泊缆形状、夹角等参数随张力的变化特征，同时系泊缆按照船级社的规范要求进行衡准，反复调整和优化系泊系统的配置和布置方式，直至系泊系统满足要求，最终设计出较合适的系泊系统。相关方法、流程和结论为实际工程项目提供重要的设计思路。     

锚泊辅助动力定位系统单缆失效影响研究

针对半潜式钻井平台锚泊辅助动力定位系统在海上作业时可能会出现的单缆失效情况。以一艘半潜式平台为例,设计锚泊辅助动力定位系统。通过全动态时域模拟,研究不同的单缆失效模式对半潜式平台锚泊辅助动力定位系统功率消耗、定位精度、缆绳张力等的影响。根据分析结果,在极端海况下,松弛锚泊辅助动力定位系统的背风缆有助于降低定位系统的功率消耗,提高定位精度和系统的安全性,从而为锚泊辅助动力定位系统的工程应用提供一些参考。     

绷紧式系泊缆冲击张力特性研究

采用集中质量法研究了绷紧式系泊系统中系缆由于松弛-张紧过程产生的冲击张力。建立系泊缆绳离散的集中质量模型,对其独立单元进行受力分析并建立了单元的运动方程。给定缆绳上端点简谐激励,通过Ansys中的Aqwa模块,分析了缆绳的运动响应;针对缆绳运动响应过程中的三种状态进行了模拟计算,探讨了冲击张力产生的条件;研究了缆绳初始预张力、上端点激励幅值和频率、拖曳力系数、弹性模量以及单位长度质量对动态张力的影响。研究结果表明:这些影响因素不仅会影响缆绳动态张力的大小,也会对缆绳中的冲击张力产生一定的影响。